INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Andrew i . DuBrin

B09-1301
 PREFACE XViii

CHAPTER 1 The Nature and Importance of Leadership 1

The Meaning of Leadership 2
Leadership as a Partnership 4
Leadership as a Relationship 4
Leadership Versus Management 5
The Impact of Leadership on Organizational Performance^ 6
Leader in Action: A Full-Time Manager for a Law Firm? 7
Research and Opinion: Leadership Does Make a Difference 8
Research and Opinion: Formal Leadership Does Not Make a Difference 9
Leadership Roles 12
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 1-1: Readiness for the
Leadership Role 12
The Satisfactions and Frustrations of Being a Leader 16
Satisfactions of Leaders 16
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 1-1: My Leadership Role Analysis 17
Dissatisfactions and Frustrations of Leaders 18
A Framework for Understanding Leadership 20
Skill Development in Leadership 21
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 1-2: My Leadership Portfolio 23
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 1-2: The Leadership
Experience Audit 23
Followership: Being an Effective Group Member 24
Types of Followers 25
Essential Qualities of Effective Followers 26
Collaboration Between Leaders and Followers 27

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Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action

and Skill Development 27-28
Leadership Case Problem A: Highland Homes Goes for the Green 29
Leadership Case Problem B: The Subprime Department Blues 30
internet Skill-Building Exercise: Key Leadership Topics 30

CHAPTER 2 Traits, Motives/and Characteristics of Leaders 31

Personality Traits of Effective Leaders 33
General Personality Traits 33
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 2-1: Behaviors and Attitudes
of a Trustworthy Leader 36
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 2-2: The Assertiveness Scale 39
Task-Related Personality Traits 42
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 2-1: A Sense of Humor on the Job 43
Leadership Motives 47
The Power Motive 47
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 2-2: Developing an internal
Locus of Control 48
The Drive and Achievement Motive 50
Tenacity and Resilience 50
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 2-3: Personal Resiliency Quiz 51
Cognitive Factors and Leadership 52
Cognitive (or Analytical) intelligence 52
Knowledge of the Business or Group Task 53
Leader in Action: Former Nike and Coors Leader Frits van paasschen
Tries the Hotel Business 54
Creativity 55
Insight into People and Situations 55
Farsightedness and Conceptual Thinking 56
The WICS Model of Leadership in Organizations 56
The influence of Heredity and Environment on Leadership 57
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 2-3: Group Feedback
on Leadership Traits 58
The Strengths and Limitations of the Trait Approach 59
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 60-61
Leadership Case Problem A: The Methodical John Thain Takes
Over at Merrill 62
Leadership Case Problem B: Amy Touchstone Wants to Shape
Up the Club 64
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4

Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 2-4: My Leadership Portfolio 65

internet Skill-Building Exercise: Measuring Your Emotional
intelligence 65

CHAPTER 3 Charismatic and Transformational Leadership 66

The Meanings of Charisma 68
Charisma: A Relationship Between the Leader, Group Members,
and Other Stakeholders 68
The Effects of Charisma 69
Types of Charismatic Leaders 70
Characteristics of Charismatic Leaders 72
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 3-1: The Emotional
Expressiveness Scale 74
The Vision Component of Charismatic Leadership 75
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 3-1: Formulating a Vision 77
The Communication Style of Charismatic Leaders 77
Management by inspiration 77
Management by Storytelling 78
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 3-2: Charismatic
Leadership by Storytelling 79
The Development of Charisma 79
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 3-2: The Personal
Magnetism Deficit inventory 79
Techniques for Developing Charisma 81
Transformational Leadership 83
How Transformations Take Place 84
Attributes of Transformational Leaders 86
The impact of Transformational and Charismatic Leadership
on Performance and Behavior 87
Leader in Action: Swashbuckling Richard Branson of the
Virgin Group 88
Concerns About Charismatic Leadership 90
Challenges to the Validity of Charismatic Leadership 90
The Dark Side of Charismatic Leadership 91
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 92-93
Leadership Case Problem A: The Image Doctor is in 94
Leadership Case Problem B: Time to Rebound at Willow Pond 95
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 3-3: My Leadership Portfolio 96
internet Skill-Building Exercise: Charisma Tips from the internet 96
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CHAPTER 4 Leadership Behaviors, Attitudes, and Styles 97

The Classic Dimensions of Consideration and Initiating Structure 98
Task-Related Attitudes and Behaviors 101
Leader in Action: Top Brass Try Life in the Trenches 103
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 4-1: Feedback Skills 104
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 4-1: Task-Oriented Attitudes
and'Behaviors 105
Relationship-Oriented Attitudes and Behaviors 106
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 4-2: Clarifying Your Work values 109
360-Degree Feedback for Fine-Tuning a Leadership Approach 110
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 4-3: Applying Relationship-Oriented
and Task-Oriented Attitudes and Behaviors 111
Leadership styles 112
Participative Leadership 113
Autocratic Leadership 114
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 4-2: What Style of Leader Are You
or Would You Be? 115
Leadership Grid™ Styles 117
Entrepreneurial Leadership 117
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 4-3: what is Your Propensity
for Taking Risks? 120
Gender Differences in Leadership Style 121
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 4-4: Entrepreneurial Leadership 122
Selecting the Best/Leadership Style 123
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 4-4: How Flexible Are You? 124
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 4-5: Contrasting Leadership styles 125
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 126-127
Leadership Case Problem A: Is Margo Too Macro? 128
Leadership Case Problem B: Failure Pumps Up Dick Enrico 129
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 4-6: My Leadership Portfolio 130
internet Skill-Building Exercise: Identifying Leadership Behaviors
and Attitudes 131

CHAPTER 5 Contingency and Situational Leadership 132

Situational Influences on Effective Leadership Behavior 133
Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership Effectiveness 134
Measuring Leadership Style: The Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) Scale 135
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Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 5-1: The Least Preferred Coworker (LPC)

Scale for Measuring Leadership Style 135
Measuring the Leadership Situation 137
Overall Findings 137
Making the Situation More Favorable for the Leader 138
Evaluation of Fiedler's Contingency Theory 139
The Path-Goal Theory of Leadership Effectiveness 139
Matching the Leadership Style to the Situation 140
Steps Leaders Can Take to influence Performance and Satisfaction 141
Situational Leadership® II (SLll) 142
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 5-2: Measuring Your
Situational Perspective 143
Basics of SLll 144
Evaluation of SLll 146
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 5-1: Applying Situational
Leadership II 146
The Normative Decision Model 147
Decision-Making Styles 147
Contingency Factors and Application of the Model 147
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 5-2: Applying the
Time-Driven Model 150
Cognitive Resource Theory: How intelligence, Experience,
and Stress influence Leadership 151
Contingency Leadership in the Executive Suite 152
Leader in Action: Big Eddie Knows How to Deal 155
Leadership During a Crisis 157
Evidence-Based Leadership for the Contingency
and Situational Approach 159
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 160-162
Leadership Case Problem A: Keeping the Cloud Computing
Mastermind Happy 163
Leadership Case Problem B: Oh Rats, What a Problem 164
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 5-3: My Leadership Portfolio 165
internet Skill-Building Exercise: Crisis Management 165

CHAPTER 6 Leadership Ethics and Social Responsibility 166

Principles and Practices of Ethical and Moral Leadership 167
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 6-1: The Leader integrity Scale 168
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Five Ethical Leadership Behaviors 170

Factors Contributing to Ethical Differences 172
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 6-2: The Air Force Character
Attributes Checklist 174
the Ethical Mind for Leaders 175
Guidelmes for Evaluating the Ethics of a Decision 176
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 6-1: The Best Buy In-Store Web Site 177
A Sampling of unethical Leadership Behaviors 178
Leadership, Social Responsibility, and Creating an Ethical
Organizational Culture 178
Providing Strategic Leadership of Ethics and Social Responsibility 180
Creating a Pleasant Workplace 181
Helping Build a Sustainable Environment 182
Engaging in Philanthropy 183
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 6-2: Conducting
an Environmental Audit 184
working with Suppliers to improve Working Conditions 184
Leader in Action: Joe Crosby of Coach's Low Country Brands
Helps the community 185
Establishing Written Codes of Ethical Conduct 185
Developing Formal Mechanisms for Dealing with Ethical Problems 186
Accepting Whistleblowers 186
Providing Training in Ethics and Social Responsibility 187
Placing Company Interests over Personal Interests 187
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 6-3: Dealing with Defining
Moments 188 /
Ethical Behavior and Organizational Performance 188
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 190
Leadership Case Problem A: Rent-Way Slides Away 191
Leadership Case Problem B: "GE, Can't You Just Shut Up
and Sell us Stuff?" 193
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 6-4: My Leadership Portfolio 194
internet Skill-Building Exercise: Career Consequences of unethical
Leadership Behavior 195

CHAPTER 7 Power, Politics, and Leadership 196

Sources and Types of Power 198
Position Power 198
Personal Power 199
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Manager Assessment Quiz 7-1: Rating a Manager's Power 200

Power Stemming from Ownership 201
Power Stemming from Dependencies 201
Power Derived from Capitalizing on Opportunity 202
Pdwer Stemming from Managing Critical Problems 203
Power Stemming from Being Close to Power 203
Tactics for Becoming an Empowering Leader 203
Leader in Action: A. G. Lafley, The Widely Admired
Big Company Executive 204
The Nature of Empowerment 204
Empowering Practices 205
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 7-1: Becoming
an Empowering Manager 207
Effective Delegation and Empowerment 209
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 7-1: Conducting
an Empowerment Session 210
Factors That Contribute to Organizational Politics 210
Pyramid-Shaped Organization Structure 211
Subjective Standards of Performance 211
Environmental Uncertainty and Turbulence 211
Emotional insecurity 211
Machiavellian Tendencies 212
Encouraging Admiration from Subordinates 212
Political Tactics and Strategies 212
Ethical Political Tactics and Strategies 212
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 7-2: The Positive Organizational
Politics Questionnaire 213
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 7-2: Paying Back Favors
from Network Members 217
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 7-3: Flattery Role Play 219
unethical Political Tactics and Strategies 220
Exercising Control over Dysfunctional Politics 222
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 7-4: Controlling Office Politics 224
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 224-225
Leadership Case Problem A: Kimberly Davis Dances
Around Mergers 226
Leadership Case Problem B: YO-YO Empowerment at Direct Mail inc. 227
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 7-5: My Leadership Portfolio 228
Internet Skill-Building Exercise: Advice About Office Politics 228
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CHAPTER 8 Influence Tactics of Leaders 229

A Model of Power and influence 231
Description and Explanation of Influence Tactics 232
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 8-1: Survey of influence Tactics 233
Essentially Ethical and Honest Tactics 234
Essentially Dishonest and Unethical Tactics 238
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 8-2: Measure of Ingratiating Behavior
in Organizational Settings (MIBOS) 240
Leadership influence for Organizational Change 242
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 8-1: Ethical Influence Tactics 243
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 8-2: Identifying Influence Tactics 243
Leader in Action: Starbucks' Developer Attempts to Perk Up the Place 245
Relative Effectiveness and Sequencing of Influence Tactics 246
Relative Effectiveness of Influence Tactics 246
Sequencing of Influence Tactics 247
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 8-3: Applying Influence Tactics 248
implicit Leadership Theories and Leadership Influence 249
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 250-251
Leadership Case Problem A: Be Fit or Be Out of Favor at CFl Westgate 252
Leadership Case Problem B: The Chief Avon Lady Attempts
a Makeover 253
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 8-4: My Leadership Portfolio 254
internet Skill-Building Exercise: How Machiavellian Are You? 254

CHAPTER 9 Developing Teamwork 255

Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 9-1: The Teamwork Checklist 257
The Leader's Role in the Team-Based Organization 258
Leader Actions That Foster Teamwork 259
Actions Leaders Can Take Using Their Own Resources 260
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 9-1: Shelters for the Homeless 262
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 9-2: Team Player Attitudes 263
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 9-3: Overcoming
Micromanagement 266
Actions Generally Requiring Organization Structure or Policy 268
Offsite Training and Team Development 270
Features of Outdoor and Offsite Training Programs 271
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Leader in Action: Developing the Leadership Team at Molson Coors

by Helping Habitat for Humanity 272
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 9-2: The Newspaper Shelter 273
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 9-3: Trust Me 273
Evaluation of Outdoor Training for Team Development 274
The Leader-Member Exchange Model and Teamwork 274
Different-Quality Relationships 275
First Impressions 277
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 278
Leadership Case Problem A: Why Can't we Work Like a Real Team? 279
Leadership Case Problem B: Over the Top at Bell ExpressVu 281
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 9-4: My Leadership Portfolio 282
internet Skill-Building Exercise: Are Team Leadership Skills or Teamwork
Skills in Demand? 282

CHAPTER 10 Motivation and Coaching Skills 283

Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 10-1: My Approach
to Motivating Others 285
Expectancy Theory and Motivational Skills 286
Basic Components of Expectancy Theory 287
Leadership Skills and Behaviors Associated with Expectancy Theory 289
Goal Theory 290
Basic Findings of Goal Theory 290
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 10-1: Estimating Valences
for Applying Expectancy Theory 291
Underlying Mechanisms and Concerns 293
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 10-2: The Application of Goal Theory 294
Using Recognition and Pride to Motivate Others 294
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 10-2: How Much
Do I Crave Recognition? 295
Appealing to the Recognition Need of Others 296
Appealing to Pride 297
Equity Theory and Social Comparison 298
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 10-3: The Application
of Equity Theory 299
Coaching as an Approach to Motivation 300
Key Characteristics of Coaching 300
Fallacies About Coaching 301
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Leader in Action: Doug Conant of Campbell Soup Demands

Talent Development 302
Coaching Skills and Techniques 302
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 10-3: Characteristics
of an Effective Coach 305
Executive Coaching and Leadership Effectiveness 306
Specific Forms of Assistance Provided by Executive Coaches 306
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 10-4: Coaching
for Improved Performance 307
Contributions of and Concerns About Executive Coaching 308
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 309-310
Leadership Case Problem A: Justin Salisbury Tries a Little Recognition 311
Leadership Case Problem B: Coach sally Gorman 312
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 10-5: My Leadership Portfolio 313
internet Skill-Building Exercise: Dream Job Coaching 314

CHAPTER 11 Communication and Conflict Resolution Skills 315

Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 11-1: A Self-Portrait
of My Communication Effectiveness 317
Inspirational and Powerful Communication 318
Speaking and Writing 318
The Six Basic Principles of Persuasion 323
Nonverbal Communication Including Videoconferencing 324
Listening as a Leadership Skill 326
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 11-1: Feedback on Verbal
and Nonverbal Behavior 327
Selective Listening to Problems 327
Making the Rounds 328
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 11-2: Leadership Listening 329
Leader in Action: Automotive Systems Leader Engages
in Two-Way Communication 329
Overcoming Cross-cultural Communication Barriers 330
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 11-2: Cross-cultural Skills
and Attitudes 330
The Leader's Role in Resolving Conflict and Negotiating 334
Conflict Management Styles 335
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 11-3: My Conflict Resolution Style 336
Resolving Conflict Between Two Group Members 337
Negotiating and Bargaining 339
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Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 11-3: integrative Bargaining 342

Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 342-344
Leadership Case Problem A: Jason Makes the Rounds 344
Leadership Case Problem B: west Coast wellness on the Go 346
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 11-4: My Leadership Portfolio 347
Internet Skill-Building Exercise: What Is Your influence Quotient? 347

CHAPTER 12 Creativity, Innovation, and Leadership 348

Steps in the Creative Process 349
Characteristics of Creative Leaders 351
Knowledge 351
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 12-1: The Creative Personality Test 352
Cognitive Abilities 354
Personality 354
Passion for the Task and the Experience of Flow 355
The Componential Theory of Individual Creativity 355
Overcoming Traditional Thinking as a Creative Strategy 356
Modern Business Examples of Thinking Outside the Box 357
Organizational Methods to Enhance Creativity 358
Systematically Collecting Fresh ideas 358
Brainstorming 359
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 12-1: Choose an Effective
Domain Name 360
Using the Pet-Peeve Technique 361
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 12-2: The Pet-Peeve Technique 362
Equipping a Kitchen for the Mind 362
Self-Help Techniques to Enhance Creative Problem Solving 362
Practicing Creativity-Enhancing Exercises 363
Staying Alert to Opportunities 363
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 12-3: Word Hints to Creativity 364
Maintaining an Enthusiastic Attitude, Including Being Happy 364
Maintaining and Using a Systematic Place for Recording Your ideas 365
Playing the Roles of Explorer, Artist, Judge, and Lawyer 365
Engaging in Appropriate Physical Exercise 366
Establishing a Climate and Culture for Creative Thinking 366
Leadership Diagnostic Activity 12-1: Assessing the Climate
for innovation 367
Leadership Practices for Enhancing Creativity 368
Methods of Managing Creative workers 370
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Leader in Action: CEO Josh Linkner Builds a Culture

of Creativity at ePrize 371
Additional Leadership Practices That Enhance Innovation 372
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 375-376
Leadership Case Problem A: Hitting Paydirt 376
Leadership Case Problem B: Sparking Innovation at Gap 377
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 12-4: My Leadership Portfolio 379
Internet Skill-Building Exercise: Creativity in Business 379

CHAPTER 13 International and Culturally Diverse Aspects

of Leadership 380
The Advantages of Managing for Diversity 382
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 13-1: Capitalizing on Diversity 385
Cultural Factors influencing Leadership Practice 385
Key Dimensions of Differences in Cultural Values 385
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 13-1: Charting Your Cultural
value Profile 388
Cultural Values and Leadership Style 389
Cultural Sensitivity and Cultural Intelligence 391
Cultural Sensitivity 391
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 13-2: My Tolerance for Cultural
Differences 391
Leader in Action: IBM Manager Adapts His Approach
to Different Generations 394
Cultural Intelligence 394
Global Leadership Skills 395
A Proposed Model for Global Leadership skills 395
Success Factors in International Management Positions 396
Motivating and Inspiring Workers in Other Cultures 397
Leadership initiatives for Achieving Cultural Diversity 398
Hold Managers Accountable for Achieving Diversity 399
Establish Minority Recruitment, Retention, and Mentoring Programs 399
Conduct Diversity Training 400
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 13-2: The Diversity Circle 401
Conduct Cross-Cultural Training 402
Encourage the Development of Employee Networks 403
Avoid Group Characteristics When Hiring for Person-Organization Fit 404
Attain Diversity Among Organizational Leaders 405
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Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action

and Skill Development 405-407
Leadership Case Problem A: Can Howard Stringer Fix Sony? 408
Leadership Case Problem B: Curses, Foiled Again in France 409
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 13-3: My Leadership Portfolio 411
internet Skill-Building Exercise: Test Yourself for Hidden Bias 411

CHAPTER 14 Strategic Leadership and Knowledge

Management 412
The Nature of Strategic Leadership 413
High-Level Cognitive Activity of the Leader 414
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 14-1: Are You
a Strategic Thinker? 415
Gathering Multiple Inputs to Formulate Strategy 416
Anticipating and Creating a Future 417
Revolutionary and Contrarian Thinking 417
Creating a Vision 418
Conducting a SWOT Analysis 419
Internal Strengths 419
internal weaknesses 420
External Opportunities 420
External Threats 420
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 14-1: Conducting a SWOT Analysis 421
A Sampling of Business Strategies Formulated by Leaders 421
Knowledge Management and the Learning Organization 425
Leader in Action: Julia Stewart, Queen of IHOP
and Applebee's international 426
Knowledge Management 427
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 14-2: Do You work
for a Learning Organization? 428
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 14-3: My Attitudes Toward
Sharing Knowledge 433
The Learning Organization 434
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 436-437
Leadership Case Problem A: Samsung Sings a Different Tune 437
Leadership Case Problem B: IHOP Wants to Rejuvenate Applebee's 439
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 14-2: My Leadership Portfolio 440
internet Skill-Building Exercise: Professional Assistance in Implementing
Knowledge Management 441
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CHAPTER 15 Leadership Development and Succession 442

Development Through Self-Awareness and Self-Discipline 444
Leadership Development Through Self-Awareness 444
Leadership Development Through Self-Discipline 446
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 15-1: The Interpersonal
Skills Checklist 447
Development Through Education, Experience, and Mentoring 448
Education 448
Experience 449
Mentoring 452
Leadership Self-Assessment Quiz 15-2: My Attitudes
Toward Mentoring 453
Leadership Development Programs 455
Leader in Action: Compensation Consultant Kathy van Neck Benefits
from Formal Mentoring 456
Types of Leadership Development Programs 457
Leadership Succession 461
How the Board Chooses a Successor 461
Succession Planning at General Electric 462
The Emotional Aspects of Leadership Succession 462
Developing a Pool of Successors 463
Growing Inside-Outside Leaders 464
Challenges of Being a New Leader 464
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 15-1: Building for the Future 466
Summary • Key Terms • Guidelines for Action
and Skill Development 466-468
Leadership Case Problem A: The Leadership inventory Chart
at Pine Grove 468
Leadership Case Problem B: No-Holds-Barred Feedback in Aspen 471
Leadership Skill-Building Exercise 15-2: My Leadership Portfolio 472
Internet Skill-Building Exercise: A Scientific Approach
to Succession Planning 473

Endnotes 474
Glossary 499
Name Index 505
Organization index 508
Subject index 509