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Jones
is
a
diabetic
and
has
come
to
see
you
for
an
annual
check
up.
Examine
his
legs.
1)
‘Hello
Mr/Mrs………….
I
am
Dr.
………………SHO
in
this
department.
Because
of
your
diabetes
we
need
to
examine
your
legs
to
make
sure
you
do
not
have
any
complications
from
the
diabetes.
Please
will
you
undress
to
your
underwear?
The
examiner
here
will
act
as
the
chaperone.’
2)
Ask
patient
to
lie
on
bed
and
inspect
legs
for:
Ulcers
especially
on
medial
malleolus,
in
between
toes
and
on
heel
Gangrene
especially
on
toes
Callus
on
soles
Muscle
wasting
Hair
loss
and
signs
of
infection
Look
especially
on
soles
and
ankles.
Ask
patient
‘do
you
get
a
sensation
on
your
feet
as
if
you
are
walking
on
marbles/cotton
wool?’
3)
Feel
legs
for
temperature
using
the
back
of
your
hands.
Compare
one
side
to
the
other.
4)
‘I
would
like
to
examine
your
pulses
now.’
Palpate
pulses
–
femoral,
popliteal,
posterior
tibial
and
dorsalis
pedis.
Start
by
palpating
the
distal
pulses
first.
Note
in
the
exam
you
are
likely
to
get
a
normal
patient
with
strong
pulses
so
do
not
spend
too
long
looking
for
them.
5)
‘Can
I
check
your
sensation
now?’
Check
sharp
(disposable
pin),
vibration
(tuning
fork
–
256Hz),
joint
position
and
lastly
soft
touch
(cotton).
Start
by
assessing
the
distal
aspect
first.
6)
Ask
patient
to
walk
–
assess
gait.
Ask
patient
‘do
you
have
any
funny
sensations
under
your
feet?’
Look
for
any
foot
drop.
7)
Assess
motor
function
–
tone
and
power.
Do
this
after
sensation
and
gait
as
you
are
unlikely
to
get
muscle
wasting
in
diabetes.
8)
Check
reflexes
9)
Ask
patient
how
often
he/she
visits
the
chiropodist.
10)
Tell
examiner
that
you
would
also
like
to
check
the
blood
pressure,
fundoscopy,
HBA1c
levels,
UEs,
cholesterol
and
glucose.
I
would
also,
check
the
insulin
injection
sites
and
look
at
their
glucose
monitoring
book.
Also,
check
weight
and
urine
for
protein/blood.
11)
Thank
the
patient
and
ask
him/her
to
redress.
12)
Summarise
findings
to
the
examiner.
N.B.
Patient
may
act
as
if
they
have
signs
e.g.
sensory
loss.
**
If
the
scenario
says
that
‘Do
and
annual
check
up
on
this
diabetic
patient
then
you
would
have
to
examine
the
whole
body.
Specifically:
Check
pulse
for
arrthymias
Check
blood
pressure
Check
eyes
for
signs
of
raised
cholesterol
–
corneal
arcus
and
xanthalasma.
Auscultate
the
heart
for
murmurs
Look
at
insulin
injection
sites
for
any
complication
(atrophy,
hypertrophy
or
infections)
Fundoscopy
Feet
(as
above)
Blood
tests
for
FBC,
UEs,
LFTs
(complication
of
some
antiglycaemics),
HBA1c,
blood
glucose,
urine
for
protein/blood.