Iligan Medical Center College

Basic Education Department

Laya Ext., Pala-o, Iligan City
S.Y. 2020-2021

Philippine Politics and

Governance
(PPG)

Grade 12 Senior High School

(Quarter 1 - Module 2)

Prepared by:

Mr. Abdul Majiid K. Abdul Azis

Teacher

NAME: Janna Marie A. Raupan SECTION: G12-B

Subject Description: This course introduces the students
to the basic concepts and vital elements of politics and
governance from a historical-institutional perspective. In
particular, it attempts to explain how the important
features of our country’s political structures/institutions,
processes, and relationships developed across time. In the
process, the course helps the learners gain a better
appreciation of their rights and responsibilities as
individuals and as members of the larger sociopolitical
community to strengthen their civic competence.

Things to follow

1. Follow the instruction in each activity carefully and read

them diligently.
2. Answer all the given activities and exercises properly and
correctly.
3. Modules will be submitted 5 days after receiving it from
your teacher.
4. Don’t forget to write your NAMES and SECTION.
 ILIGAN MEDICAL CENTER COLLEGE
BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL – CORE SUBJECT
Philippine Politics and Governance

Political Ideologies
The basic tenets of the major political
TOPIC/LESSON NAME
ideologies (i.e., liberalism, socialism,
conservatism, etc.)
The learners demonstrate an
understanding of politics and
CONTENT STANDARDS political science, governance,
political ideologies, power, states,
nations, and globalization.
The learners shall be able to clearly
identify a specific political
PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
phenomenon and how it can be
studied.
 Identify the basic tenets of major
political ideologies (i.e., liberalism,
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
socialism, conservatism, etc.
 Differentiate the political ideologies
At the end of the lesson, You are able to:
 Define ideology and political
ideologies
SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOME  Identify the different
characteristics of ideology
 Differentiate the political
ideologies
TIME ALLOTMENT WEEK 2

LESSON OUTLINE

During the lesson, the learners will:

1. Introduction
2. Motivation
3. Instruction/Delivery
4. Practice
5. Enrichment
6. Evaluation
Materials
used
 Books
 Computer for PPT
 TV
Resources
Politics Without Borders” by Mendoza and Melegrito, pages
24- 36
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vz-szuwRgAE

Politics Without Borders” by Mendoza and Melegrito, pages

 24- 36

http”//www.people-press.org/quiz/political-typology/

I. Introduction

Activity. Pick-tell: Identify the pictures in relation to what type of political ideology.
Write your answer in the space provided. These are examples of political ideologies that
you can choose from. (Communism, Socialism, Liberalism, Conservatism,
Fascism, Anarchism, Feminism, Libertarianism, Egalitarianism, )

1. 3.
___Liberalism____ _____ Socialism________

2. ____Fascism____ 4. ___Communism____

5. _____Conservatism____
 Activity. ACROSTIC: Kindly give or provide characteristics of ideology based from
the letters of the word I-D-E-O-L-O-G-Y. Example of an acrostic is:

Answer:

I- deas

D- escriptive

E- thical

O- ptimal

L- average

O-pinions

G- overnment

Y- ielding

II. Motivation

III. Activity. 4 pics-1 word: You can refer to the Instruction and
Discussion for reference. Create your own ‘’4-pics-1-word’’ showing the
different political ideologies.

Answer:
Activity. Kindly answer the “Political Typology Quiz” by the Pew Research Centre

Title: Are You Liberal or Conservative or Somewhere in Between?

https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/quiz/political-typology/

Instruction: Take the quiz to find out at which point in the political spectrum
are you more oriented to. Give yourself a score of one (1) point if you agree, and
a score of zero (0) point if you disagree with each of the statements. If you are
uncertain with your answer, then choose what comes closest to your view.
The quiz was adopted from the “Political Typology Quiz” by the Pew
Research Centre but was modified to apply to the Philippine socio-political
context. The full Political Typology Quiz can be accessed online through the link
http://www.people-press.org/quiz/political-typology/
Write the result only in the answer portion:

Answer: (Op) Opportunity Democrats along with 12% of the public.

Activity. Video Analysis. Watch this short video and answer the following questions
afterwards. (https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=vz-szuwRgAE).

1. How do we acquire political beliefs?

-Probably we acquired it in way of obtaining a knowledge from a certain

entertainment and then after that we people adapt the standards and values
where an individuals undeniably judge. Lastly with the help of political
socialization the transmission of political beliefs are easy to acquired.

2.How people will be affected by these beliefs?

 -Well, the application of real life experiences itself, people will be affected by
these certain beliefs. It is because our values and beliefs has an impact to the
quality of our life, work, and relationships. Where in what we believe is
what we apply on our individual experience to our life, we tend to think that our
beliefs are founded on reality.

Activity. Jumble Words

Rearrange the words to find the correct answers to the questions below:

1. LIERALISMB - LIBERALISM
2. FMEMINIS - FEMINISM
3. MMUCONISM - COMMUNISM
4. CISOALISM - SOCIALISM
5. ENNTVIROANMELISM - ENVIRONMENTALISM

IV. Instruction and Discussion

Try to watch this video before venturing into the topic proper.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4XF9TpWRS0

Chart created by Deborah Hoag and Richard Fonte, Austin Community College
 World-Wide Ideologies (Economic Issue Variation): Socialism and Communism

The concept of ideology can be difficult to reconcile with empirical research on political
knowledge and belief system organization. First, ideology is a construct that is used at
multiple levels. Political ideologies exist as formal systems of political thought. Texts on
Marxism, liberalism, conservatism, and fascism develop elaborate interpretations of
social, economic, and political arrangements and offer prescriptions for political actions.
In somewhat less structured ways, ideologies operate at the societal level to organize
political debate by allowing political parties to offer more or less coherent policy
platforms. (Feldman, S. (2013). Political ideology.  In L. Huddy, D. O. Sears, & J. S.
Levy (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of political psychology (p. 591–626). Oxford
University Press.)

A. IDEOLOGY
a : a systematic body of concepts especially about human life or culture
b : a manner or the content of thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture
c : the integrated assertions, theories and aims that constitute a socio-political
program
d : is a more or less coherent set of ideas that provides the basis for organized political
action, whether this is intended to preserve, modify or overthrow the existing system of
power.

B. Political Ideologies
is a set of related beliefs about political theory and policy held by an individual, group
of individuals or a particular social class political ideologies form the basis of how they
view the world around them and the proper role of government in the world.
(a)offer an account of the existing order, usually in the form of a ‘world-view’, (b)
advance a model of a desired future, a vision of the ‘good society’, and (c) explain how
political change can and should be brought about- how to get from A to B. (Heywood
2003, 12)
A  political ideology  is a set of related beliefs about political theory and policy held by
an individual, group of individuals or a particular social class. Ron and Liam's respective
political ideologies form the basis of how they view the world around them and the
proper role of government in the world. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-
political-ideology.html

The different characteristics of ideologies.

 Ideologies provide an explanation for problems that confronts modern societies
by providing futuristic visions.
 Ideology is action-oriented.
 Ideologies mobilize a large number of people.

Anarchism. The belief that the best government is absolutely no government is known
as Anarchism.  This ideology argues that everything about governments is repressive
and therefore must be abolished entirely. A related ideology known
as Nihilism emphasizes that everything—both government and society—must be
periodically destroyed in order to start anew. Nihilists often categorically reject
traditional concepts of morality in favor of violence and terror. Anarchism and nihilism
were once associated with socialism because many anarchists and nihilists supported
the socialists’ call for revolution and the complete overhaul of government and society
in the early to mid-twentieth century.
Liberalism aims to disperse power, to foster diversity and to nurture creativity. They
can further be divided based on their adherence to social liberalism  or
classical  liberalism, although all liberal parties and individuals
share  basic similarities, including the support for civil rights and democratic
institutions. It is a political and economic doctrine that emphasizes
individual  autonomy,  equality of opportunity, and the protection of individual rights
(primarily to life, liberty, and property), originally against the  state and later against
both the state and private economic actors, including businesses.
What is called liberalism today is quite different. Liberals believe government has an
important place both as a regulator in the public interest and to assist those with lower
incomes.
Conservatism is any political philosophy that favors  tradition (in the sense of various
religious, cultural, or nationally-defined beliefs and customs) in the face of external
forces for change, and is critical of proposals for  radical social change. Some
Conservatives seek to preserve the status quo or to reform society slowly, while others
seek to return to the values of an earlier time.
Classical Conservatism  does not reject change per se, but insists that changes
be organic, rather than revolutionary, arguing that any attempt to modify the complex
web of human interactions that form  human society  purely for the sake of
some doctrine  or  theory  runs the risk of running afoul of the  law of unintended
consequences and/or of moral hazards. As a general ideology, Conservatism is
opposed to the ideals of  Liberalism and Socialism.
Conservatism generally refers to  right-wing politics  which advocate the preservation
of personal wealth and private ownership  (Capitalism) and emphasize self-
reliance and Individualism. Conservatives in general are more punitive  toward
criminals, tend to hold more  orthodox religious views, and are often  ethnocentric and
hostile toward homosexuals and other  minority groups.
Conservatives feel there is too much government interference, particularly at the
federal level, in the economy. This belief translates into calls for lower taxes, reduced
spending on social programs, and deregulation. However, many conservatives welcome
government support to further their moral agenda. Liberals and conservatives also take
opposing positions on crime, with the former concerned with the underlying
socioeconomic causes and the latter focusing on the deterrent effect of punishment.
Socialism a populist economic and political system based on public ownership (also
known as collective or common ownership) of the means of production. Those means
include the machinery, tools, and factories used to produce goods that aim to directly
satisfy human needs. It is an economic and political system. It is an economic theory of
social organization. It believes that the means of making, moving, and trading wealth
should be owned or controlled by the workers. This means the money made belongs to
the people who make the things, instead of a group of private owners. In theory, based
on public benefits, socialism  has the greatest goal of common wealth; since the
government controls almost all of society's functions, it can make better use of
resources, labors and lands; Socialism  reduces disparity in wealth, not only in
different areas, but also in all societal ranks and classes.
Disadvantages of socialism  include slow economic growth, less entrepreneurial
opportunity and competition, and a potential lack of motivation by individuals due to
lesser rewards.
Communism  is a political and economic ideology that positions itself in opposition to
liberal democracy and capitalism, advocating instead for a classless system in which the
means of production are owned communally and private property is nonexistent or
severely curtailed. Exactly how communism differs from socialism has long been a
matter of debate. Karl Marx  used the terms interchangeably. For many, however, the
difference can be seen in the two phases of communism as outlined by Marx. The first
is a transitional system in which the working class controls the government and
economy yet still pays people according to how long, hard, or well they
work. Capitalism  and private property exist, though to a limited degree. This phase is
widely regarded as socialism. However, in Marx's fully realized communism, society has
no class divisions or government or personal property. The production and distribution
of goods is based upon the principle “From each according to his ability, to each
according to his needs.” Communism is a political and economic system that seeks to
create a classless society in which the major means of production, such as mines and
factories, are owned and controlled by the public.
Fascism  is a far-right form of government that is ruled by an authoritarian leader.
They work for a totalitarian one-party state. This aim is to prepare the nation for armed
conflict, and to respond to economic difficulties. However, in practice it became ruled
by the first of the fascist leaders, Benito Mussolini. Although fascism is a
notoriously difficult ideology to define, many 20th-century fascist movements shared
several characteristics. First, these movements sourced their political strength from
populations experiencing economic woes, real or imagined. Fascists tended to capitalize
on these economic anxieties by shifting the blame away from government or market
forces. Jews, immigrants, leftists, and other groups became useful scapegoats.
Redirecting popular anger toward these people would, in theory, rid a country of its
ailments.
As an economic system, fascism is  socialism with a capitalist veneer. The word
derives from fasces,  the Roman symbol of collectivism and power: a tied bundle of
rods with a protruding ax.
Feminism, the belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes. Although
largely originating in the West, feminism  is manifested worldwide and is represented
by various institutions committed to activity on behalf of women's rights and interests.
The goal of feminism is to challenge the systemic inequalities women face on a daily
basis. Contrary to popular belief  feminism has nothing to do with belittling men, in
fact feminism does not support sexism against either  gender. Feminism works towards
equality, not female superiority. The feminist movement  refers to a series
of political campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic
violence,  maternity leave, equal pay,  women's suffrage,  sexual harassment,
and sexual violence, all of which fall under the label of  feminism and the feminist
movement. 
Libertarianism  is a political philosophy and movement that upholds liberty as a core
principle.  Libertarians  seek to maximize political freedom and autonomy, emphasizing
individualism, freedom of choice and voluntary association. Libertarians share a
skepticism of authority and state power, but they diverge on the scope of their
opposition to existing economic and political systems.
Egalitarianism is a trend of thought in political philosophy. An egalitarian favors
equality of some sort: People should get the same, or be treated the same, or be
treated as equals, in some respect. An alternative view expands on this last-mentioned
option: People should be treated as equals, should treat one another as equals, should
relate as equals, or enjoy an equality of social status of some sort. Egalitarian doctrines
tend to rest on a background idea that all human persons are equal in fundamental
worth or moral status. Egalitarianism is a contested concept in social and political
thought. One might care about human equality in many ways, for many reasons. As
currently used, the label “egalitarian” does not necessarily indicate that the doctrine so
called holds that it is desirable that people's condition be made the same in any respect
or that people ought to be treated the same in any respect. An egalitarian might rather
be one who maintains that people ought to be treated as equals—as possessing equal
fundamental worth and dignity and as equally morally considerable. 
Populism, political program or movement that champions, or claims to champion, the
common person, usually by favorable contrast with a real or perceived elite or
establishment. Populism usually combines elements of the left  and the  right, opposing
large business and financial interests but also frequently being hostile to
established  socialist and labor  parties. The true populist leader claims to represent the
unified "will of the people". He stands in opposition to an enemy, often embodied by
the current system - aiming to "drain the swamp" or tackle the "liberal elite".

Sources:
 https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/american-government/public-opinion/political-ideology
 https://www.sparknotes.com/us-government-and-politics/political-science/political-ideologies-
and-styles/section2/
 https://www.britannica.com/topic/populism
 Political Ideologies: An Introduction by Andrew Heywood.  July 4th 2003 by Palgrave MacMillan

V. Practice
Activity. “One-sentence summary”. Summarize the definition of ideology and
political ideologies by doing “one- sentence summary”. Kindly write a single summary
sentence that answers “(what and why” questions about the topic.

Answer:

An ideology is a set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an individual that define or

explain the world and characterize a particular culture while political ideology can be
defined as a set of rules, regulation, and values or beliefs that are held by a particular
individual or group of individuals that defines or rather sets the standards on how the
society should behave and present a guideline for a certain social order.

Example:
Possible answers:
What: For me, ideology is the thinking characteristic of an individual, group, or culture.
Why: For me, Ideologies are important because it provides an explanation for problems that confronts
modern societies by providing futuristic visions.

Activity. “Compare and Contrast”. Describe different political ideologies. Compare and
generate list of similarities. Contrast the objects and generate a list of differences. Determine
significant likenesses and differences of political ideologies.

Political ideologies similarities differences

It is all almost focuses Gives reason that
Socialism on society and its hold into
function their claim situation

It could be It is all focuses

Feminism a portion of the approximately the
political ideology rights
of each women

It is focuses on the To let the things

Liberalism people who holds manifold to it`s
their approximately belongings
rights.

It is approximately the Acknowledge the
Conservatism changes, additionally changes
the impacts in other
circumstances.

Activity. Short Essay

1. What is the role to the state by each political ideology?

- Probably the application of it to individuals or group of individuals people where

the every role of state will acknowledge and teach them to be mindful and
knowledgeable to the rules, regulation, values or beliefs of a certain society.
Lastly the precise role to the state by each political belief system function is
to deliver a few rules that will lead within the society to be better.

2. Can you see any pattern or trend among the five types of ideologies
regarding the role of the state? Elaborate your answer.

- Well yes I can sought an any pattern among the five types of ideologies
regarding the role of the state and it is by how the belief system exists inside
 on society, bunches, and between individuals. Lastly, every sociologists think
about it since it plays such a capable part in forming how society is organized
and how it functions itself.

3. How would each ideology answer a question: Is the state a means to an

end, or is the state the end in itself?

-Well frankly stating, in complete opposition to this fundamental

hypothesis of the people of yore is the opinion, that the state isn't  
an end in itself, but is essentially  implies to secure the welfare of
individuals.

VI. Enrichment

Activity. Which is appropriate? Identify what political ideology/ideologies they

belong/s.

1. National Democratic Front (NDF) - COMMUNISM

2. Malayang Kilusan ng Bagong Kababaihan (MAKIBAKA) - FEMINISM

3. Opus Dei (Work of God) - CONSERVATISM

4. Philosophical Association of the Philippines – LIBERTARIANISM

*Which political ideology best describes the nature of democracy in the Philippines, and
why?
Answer:

-Majority rule government isn't a judicious framework, it's a populist framework, so it

cannot be a guise for belief system or ideology itself. Undoubtedly, it is commonplace
for law makers to dodge any indicate of covered up belief system as much
as individuals might twist the concept. 

Activity. Write My Life! Write a short biography for each political figure below that
addresses this guiding question: (For your answer, write them in a separate sheet of
bond paper and attach them in this module.)
1. Why is this individual a great leader?
2. How is his/her political belief linked to the Philippine politics?
1. Why is this individual a great leader?

- Well frankly stating that President Rodrigo Duterte could be

an extraordinary show pioneer here in the Philippines. Where he
gives a parcel for all the requirements of individuals. An indeed a
great president and however a great father to my fellows Filipino citizens. Lastly
he is mindful for being a pioneer and a president in this nation. Where he did
a parcel for making this nation superior, functionally, and implies the betterment
of the sate stability .

2. How is his/her political belief linked to the Philippine politics?

-Well frankly stating, Duterte begun a across the country campaign to freed

the nation of wrong doing, and debasement, and illicit drugs. Where in his
political conviction connected or linked  to the Philippine legislative issues,
as pushing issues, and as pushing federalism as better and improve
framework of administration for the Philippines.
1. Why is this individual a great leader?

- Well frankly stating, for my point of view, Benigno Aquino III isn't that great at
all unlikely as for to our current President Duterte. They are not truly related
or ought to I say their works, their duties and the way
of overseeing individuals is distinctive. I didn`t take note his contributions
here within the Philippines, I only know that he is is disarmingly frank about how
being with world leaders taught him humility.

2. How is his/her political belief linked to the Philippine politics?

- Well I only know that His political conviction connected or linked to the

Philippines legislative issues as for by serving as a congress person of the
Philippines and a senator of the area in Tarlac.

1. Why is this individual a great leader?

- Well frankly stating, she is moderately good for me as an administrator,

Arroyo recorded over 400 bills and wrote or supported 55
laws amid her residency as congressperson, counting the Anti-Sexual
Harassment Law, the Indigenous People's Rights Law, and the Export
Development Act. Where in that way she is quietly good as a leader to her
country.

2. How is his/her political belief linked to the Philippine politics?

 -Well I only know that  she was catapulted into control by
the moment EDSA Individuals Control Insurgency within the year 2001. In that
knowledge, I factually state then that her political conviction connected or linked
to the Philippine legislative issues as being hands-on pioneer.

VII. Evaluation

Activity. Think About! Ponder on the statement below and write your thought about
it.

“Ideologies gives us the picture of the existing reality, answering “what is wrong, what
went wrong and why”

Answer:
-Probably it fundamental and primary means is that the every belief systems could be
an apparatus for us to study the sorts on it. Where we are able to learn in
each sorts and characteristic itself. And mean that the every ideologies will donate as a
lesson on what is off-base within the society or everything that related to us. Certainly
it gives as lesson on how does the society work or went with by the all individuals.
Lastly ideologies will be an instrument for individuals to not be in fictions and give a
prior image of the reality itself. And taught individuals to have knowledge about what is
really wrong, what really went wrong, and why to the individuals every belief system or
the ideologies itself.

DUE DATE: September 26, 2020