11/11/13

ELASTICITY
Meeting 10
BAHAN BANGUNAN

MONITA OLIVIA
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPT
UNIVERSITY OF RIAU

STIFFNESS
Stiffness =
A relative measure of the
deformability of a material under load

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STIFFNESS à ELASTICITY
Stiffness is measured in terms of its modulus of elasticity
Elasticity
is a property of a material that enables to change its
length, volume, or form in direct response to an
applied force and to recover its original size or form
when the load is completely removed

stress =
tensile/compression
load divided by
specimen geometry

strain = deformation per unit length

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STRESS-STRAIN CURVE
Elastic limit
is the maximum stress below which a
material will fully recover its original form
upon the removal of applied forces

Proportional limit
is the maximum stress below which the ratio
between the stress and the strain is
constant

Yield point à only for metal

is the first unit stress at which deformation
continues without increase in load

Fracture point
is the ultimate stress at which material break
down

YOUNG MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

Modulus of Elasticity
is the ratio of stress to strain below the
proportional limit

à  Also called: the elastic modulus or

coefficient of elasticity
à  Means: stiffness in the elastic range
à  E = Young Modulus of Elasticity
(modulus of elasticity in tension and
compression) Young Modulus of Elasticity
à  Vary between materials, due to mix à  invented by Thomas Young (1802)
proportions, type of aggregates, age
the time of testing (concrete); à  E = σ/ε
species, grain direction, defects à  σ = stress (N/mm2), ε = strain
(wood); composition of iron and based on Hooke’s Law (1678),
carbon (steel)

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Hooke's Law: Extension is proportional to

stretching force (load)’

For example: doubling the force doubles the

extension.
Trebling the force trebles the extension.

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY TEST FOR CONCRETE

axial strain

lateral strain

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EXAMPLE OF YM TEST RESULTS

LOAD/7854
(LVDT1+LVDT2)/200
LVDT3/200

NOTE:
200 = initial length of LVDT
7854 = area of cylinder (diameter = 75mm,
height = 150mm)

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