The Polis
La Polis
ISTANBUL
TURCHIA
ISTANBUL LA POLIS
Un viaggio memorabile
«C
i sono luoghi in cui
nel cuore e nelle viscere la storia è inevita-
della città moderna bile come un inci-
dente automobili-
rievocando e riscoprendo stico - luoghi in cui
la vocazione cosmopolita la geografia provoca la storia. Uno è
dell’antica Polis Istanbul, alias Costantinopoli, alias Bi-
che Bisanzio aveva sanzio», ha scritto Iosif Brodskij nel suo
trasmesso all’Islam. Fuga da Bisanzio. Se andate a Istanbul,
Un itinerario turistico cercate di cogliere subito la sua essen-
za di istmo tra Oriente e Occidente, il tra-
come occasione sbordo continuo, reale e metaforico,
per un pellegrinaggio dell’uno nell’altro. Affacciandovi dai va-
a ritroso nella storia. pur bianchi che salpano, affollati al tra-
monto di impiegati e pendolari, da Üskü-
dar e Kadıköy, vedrete profilarsi la dop-
DI SILVIA RONCHEY pia sponda in cui l’Oriente, come dice-
va Cocteau, tende verso l’Europa «la sua
decrepita mano ingioiellata».
Dall’Europa o dall’Asia, arrivate co-
munque navigando, anche in omaggio
a un altro poeta, William Butler Yeats, e
al suo Sailing to Byzantium, il cui inci-
pit - «Questo non è un paese per vec-
chi» - è stato reso inaspettatamente ce-
lebre da un film dei fratelli Coen, per la
gioia dei bizantinisti. (Conviene tenere
sottomano la poesia tutt’intera, mentre
vi preparate a entrare nel Bosforo. In-
sieme all’altra poesia bizantina di Ye-
ats, Byzantium. Versi su cui meditare, e
da far decantare)
Al momento dell’ingresso nel Bo-
sforo, alzate gli occhi dal libro e spa-
lancateli. Confrontate le vostre impres-
sioni con quelle dei viaggiatori otto-
© SIME PHOTO
La Moschea di Dolmabahçe sul Bosforo. centeschi che avvistarono la Polis con
The Dolmabahçe Mosque on the Bosporus. trepidante emozione dai ponti delle na-
© TIPS IMAGES
dove si trovano le loro sepolture.
A questo punto spingetevi fino all’ayazma delle Blacher-
ne, nel quartiere di Ayvansaray, per compiere il rituale lava-
cro degli occhi (e contemplare l’antica fonte miracolosa, do- e soprattutto alle pietre. Ultimamente la bizantinistica ha mol- sphendone, la grande curva sul lato sud dell’antica pista, ben Monastero di Studio e alla Porta d’Oro, oggi inclusa nella co-
ve l’acqua stilla ancora goccia a goccia da un pertugio sot- to studiato e riflettuto (leggete per esempio la Costantinopo- visibili percorrendo Nakilbend Sokağı in direzione del Mar di siddetta Fortezza delle Sette Torri. (La migliore ispezione del-
terraneo). Ripiegate poi a sud, lungo il Corno d’Oro, e li di Gilbert Dagron) sull’architettura secolare della Polis co- Marmara. le Mura Marittime e dei resti bizantini disseminati lungo il lo-
attraversate il Fanario (Fener), l’antico quartiere dei greci co- me cuore artificiale e chiave per decrittare la simbologia ideo- È indispensabile il giro delle lunghe Mura Teodosiane, e ro tracciato oggi non si fa, come De Amicis, a piedi, ma pren-
stantinopolitani o “romèi”, ancora oggi sede del Patriarcato logica dell’impero che continuava senza interruzioni il mandato non solo per i resti del Tekfur Sarayı, il cosiddetto Palazzo del dendo il treno dalla Sirkeci Garı fino alla Yediküle Istasyonu e
Ecumenico (guardate bene gli splendidi edifici oggi in rovina, storico di quello romano. Porfirogenito, dalle finestre intarsiate di marmo rosso e bian- guardando da ambedue i finestrini.)
come l’emblematica Kassa tou Koinou ton Rhomaion, dove Non confondete la zona del Gran Palazzo (praticamente co, vicino alla Eğri Kapı, l’antica Porta Caligaria. Dichiarate Oltre che dal passato, dall’Oriente e dalla fuliggine, Istan-
si riunivano i rappresentanti delle corporazioni dell’antica co- tutto sotto terra, con rarissimi resti visibili: una sorta di labi- patrimonio dell’umanità dall’Unesco, parzialmente in rovina bul, come tutta la Turchia, è incontestabilmente invasa dalla
munità). Passate per la Gül Camii, l’antica chiesa di Santa rintica città nascosta fatta di terrazzamenti e sostruzioni, ac- ma fortunatamente non più sottoposte al pittoresco restau- musica. La tradizione musicale ottomana è, si sa, una delle
Teodosia, commuovetevi davanti all’architettura di Santa Ma- cessibili da ingressi non lontani dall’attuale Museo dei Mosaici, ro turco, la loro tripla cinta muraria contava quasi duecento più straordinarie del mondo. Sono anche molto più belle di
ria dei Mongoli (Kanlı Kilise), l’antica Mouchliotissa, come già che ospita quanto venuto alla luce negli scavi novecenteschi), torri e una lunga serie di porte, alcune delle quali ancora og- quelle dei nostri cantautori le canzoni di Zülfü Livaneli, per
fecero Satcheverell Sitwell e Nedim Gürsel, e rientrando ver- la cui area è quasi interamente sovrapponibile alla parte su- gi in uso: da una di queste, forse la Edirne Kapı o Porta Cha- trent’anni il dissidente-simbolo della Turchia contemporanea,
so l’interno approdate infine alla Fethiye Camii, l’antica Pam- dorientale del quartiere di Sultanahmet, con il palazzo dei sul- risii, i giannizzeri di Mehmet II irruppero all’alba del 29 mag- l’artista combattente, l’intellettuale trasgressivo, il mito vi-
makaristos: nel parekklesion, restaurato e trasformato in mu- tani, il Topkapı, dentro cui si trova comunque la più antica gio 1453. Destinate all’ispezione delle Mura Teodosiane una vente dell’intero mondo turco; oggi deputato, professore uni-
seo proprio come la Kariye Camii, vedrete una delle decora- chiesa bizantina di Costantinopoli, Sant’Irene (visitabile pe- giornata piena. (Per lunghi tratti potete camminarci sopra, versitario, ambasciatore dell’Unesco, animatore di istituzio-
zioni musive più impressionanti e uno dei tesori più importanti rò solo poche volte l’anno, in occasioni speciali). calzando un colbacco se è inverno, per proteggervi dalla piog- ni internazionali come il Forum sul futuro del pianeta fonda-
di tutta la Città. L’Ippodromo (At Meydanı) va ben oltre l’omonima piaz- gia a vento o dalla neve, un cappello di paglia se è estate, per to con Gorbacev o il Comitato per l’amicizia greco-turca
A Istanbul convivono non solo le etnie, ma, a strati, le za, nella quale restano comunque ancora presenti (e scon- ripararvi dal sole implacabile.) Studiate la più grande opera fondato con Mikis Theodorakis. (Nelle vie di Beyazıt, intorno
epoche, forse tutte. Prendendo il taxi, per esempio, rivivrete volgenti) l’obelisco di Teodosio, il troncone della colonna ser- di ingegneria bellica della nostra civiltà, la cui struttura è an- al Kapali Çarşı, brulicano i negozi di strumenti musicali, men-
gli anni 60. «È qui che le vecchie automobili vengono per mo- pentina di Delfi, in cui gli antichi viaggiatori credevano fosse cora ben comprensibile; contemplate la selvaggia natura che tre per i cd esistono magazzini colossali lungo l’İstiklâl Cad-
rire, e invece diventano dolmuşlar, taxi pubblici». Brodskij instillato veleno di serpente, e il cosiddetto Colosso, un obe- a tratti si inerpica tra le sue crepe, come Lamartine e un po’ desi a Beyoğlu e vicino a piazza Taksim, con grande scelta
evocava le vecchie Dodge e Plymouth, ma non sono da me- lisco in muratura rivestito di lastre di bronzo sotto Costanti- tutti gli scrittori romantici; ma soprattutto ammirate gli orti anche di incisioni di musica classica occidentale a prezzi mol-
no le Murat, di fabbricazione turca, che riproducono modelli no VII Porfirogenito (leggete, nel visitare quest’area, almeno che la circondano, rimasti in vita dall’epoca bizantina ad og- to convenienti.)
Fiat altrimenti visibili solo nei film in bianco e nero. alcune pagine del suo Libro delle cerimonie). Per rendervi gi senza di fatto soluzione di continuità. Solo in alcune case private è tenuta in vita un’altra tradi-
La stratigrafia istanbuliota si applica, com’è ovvio, anche conto delle proporzioni dell’Ippodromo visitate i resti della Un’altra giornata dedicatela alla costa del Marmara, al zione, quella del teatro delle ombre o Karagöz, le cui storie tra-
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2010 Gennaio 2011 Ulisse n 25
g TURKEY
Yerebatan Sarayı,
il “Palazzo Sommerso”.
The Yerebatan Sarayı,
the “Submerged Palace”.
“T
here are places where his- These are verses for meditation.) horseback, you can see the faces of grows except moustaches”. (It’s not
tory is as inevitable as a As soon as you enter the Bosporus, the Empress Zoë and her third hus- true. It’s typically Turkish to shave and
car accident – where ge- look up from your book and open your band, Constantine IX Monomachus, use the masaj, a facial massage: try an
ography provokes history. One is Is- eyes wide. Compare your impressions the protagonists of the most brutal erkek kuaförü among the many of Be-
tanbul, alias Constantinople, alias with those of 19th-century visitors account of the Byzantine court, the yoğlu; or venture into the Jewish quar-
Byzantium”, Joseph Brodsky wrote who glimpsed the city with breathless “Chronography” by Michele Psello. ter of Balat, where some dark herbal-
in “Flight from Byzantium”. If you go trepidation from the decks of ships, Written in the 11th century, it was a ist shops still carry handmade creams
to Istanbul, try to grasp its essence swathed in mist, as it appeared to dark and scintillatingly ironic precur- to use at home.)
as an isthmus between East and Melville or Andersen, or a dazzling sor to Saint-Simon’s “Memoirs” of the Modern Istanbul, with its myster-
West, the continual ferrying back and stage set as it seemed to Thackeray, court of the Sun King.) ies, its underground hovels inhabited
forth from one to the other, in both re- or, as Chateaubriand described it, as During the eleven centuries of the by clochards, the gecekondular or pre-
al and metaphorical senses. Looking the wave of “a sprite’s magic wand”. Byzantine Empire, and all of Ottoman fabricated huts (gecekondu, literally
out from the white vapurs that set sail (But the best guide to the Bosporus rule – until fin du siècle Istanbul and “put up overnight”) on the garbage
from Üsküdar and Kadıköy, filled at is De Amicis’ “Costantinopoli”, an- the “deliquescent splendour” of the dumps in the Asian outskirts, has in-
sunset with workers and commuters, other volume to have handy a mo- palaces of the last padishah described spired literature, from Orhan Pamuk’s
you’ll see the outline of the double ment later, to understand fully what by Gérard de Nerval – a halo of light “Black Book” to the “Fables of the
shore where, as Cocteau said, the you’ve seen.) surrounded the architecture of the city: Hills of Rubbish” by Latife Tekin. (If
East extends “its decrepit jewel-en- Medieval visitors, upon entering the reverberation of the gold domes you haven’t brought them with you,
crusted hand” to Europe. the Bosporus, described a “forest of on the sea, which in the Golden Horn look for them in another European lan-
From Europe or from Asia, you ar- gold and relics”, rising from the sea “penetrates the city”, as the Russian guage at the bouquinistes in Akmar
rive by sea, as expressed by another like a fabled volcanic island: “The im- pilgrim Ignatius of Smolensk noted in Pasaj, on the Asian bank, near the
poet, William Butler Yeats, in his “Sail- mense silhouette of Hagia Sophia, in the late 1300s. Facing the sea, at the port of Kadıköy. Or if you’re looking
ing to Byzantium”, which begins: the hazy dawn, looked to me like a water’s edge, the ancient palace of for old prints, skip the stands in the
“This is no country for old men”. This mountain”, wrote Pero Tafur, a noble the basileus was “enormously tall, Kapalıçarşı gardens and go rum-
incipit was unexpectedly made fa- Catalan adventurer, on the eve of the higher than the walls”. maging through the antique shops of
mous as the title of the film by the Co- fall of Constantinople. (The ancient “The motionless mosques, un- the pasajlar in the Istiklal Caddesi, the
en brothers, to the joy of Byzantine basilica of Justinian, newly restored, changed over centuries, were per- 19th-century Grand Rue de Pera, and
scholars. (It’s a good idea to keep the is open daily, including the galleries haps whiter in antiquity, before our Çukurcuma, also in Beyoğlu).
© SIME PHOTO
whole poem in mind while preparing of the tribunals with their mosaics. Western steam had darkened the air, The old city was an important stop
to enter the Bosporus, along with an- Clambering up the tortuous ramps, and only the sailboats cast their shad- on the exotic and religious Grand Tour
other Yeats poem, “Byzantium”. which Mark Twain wanted to climb on ow”, wrote Pierre Loti. While medieval of pilgrims. The tour of Constantino-
ple recorded in old diaries is always in the Vefa quarter (in the winter, stop the 1950s and ’60s. You will never for- im Gürsel did, and, turning back, view dosian Walls, including the remains During the heat of the day, go
the same, with the same marvels and in at the magnificent tiled bar, which get the faces of Theodorus Metichi- the Fethiye Camii, the ancient Pam- of the Tekfur Sarayı, the so-called down into the cisterns: discover the
legends: the cross of Christ, the tablet serves boza). tas or the abbess Melania, or the mu- makaristos: in the parekklesion, re- Palace of Porphyrogenitus, with win- Binbirdirek, the Cistern of 1,001
of Abraham, the martyrs’ torture bed, (Enjoy other views of the city from ral portraits of the last Paleologus em- stored and turned into a museum like dows inlaid in red and white marble, Columns, or the Yerebatan Sarayı,
the Virgin’s trousseau trunk, the sap- the Hill of Pines – the highest point perors in the niches of the side the Kariye Camii, you will see some near the Eğri Kapı, the ancient Cali- the “Submerged Palace”, an im-
phire chalice, the head of Gregory of in Istanbul – near Usküdar. For galleries, where they were buried. of the most impressive mosaics and garia Gate. Declared a UNESCO mense cistern built by Constantine
Nazianzos, the skull of St. Stephen unique views of Hagia Sophia, climb At this point, push on to the ayaz- one of the most important treasures World Heritage Site, it is partly in ru- and enlarged by Justinian, with 336
the Younger. up Cihanğir, near Taksim Square: ma of the Blachernes, in the Ay- in the entire city. ins but fortunately escaped pictur- columns. (In the latter, you’ll recog-
Today, as David Lodge has written, from the streets leading down to the vansaray quarter, for the ritual of eye Istanbul is a place where ethnic esque Turkish restoration. The triple nise the setting of the famous scene
“the tourist route is now a secular pil- Bosporus you can see the oldest and washing (and to contemplate the an- groups coexist, as do perhaps all walls numbered nearly 200 towers with James Bond in “From Russia
grimage, and souvenirs have taken most famous dome in the world sil- cient miraculous spring, where water epochs, layer upon layer. For exam- and a long series of gates, some of with Love”; but also read descriptions
the place of relics”. You will be for- houetted to the south. Other excel- still drips from an underground open- ple, by taxi you can relive the 1960s. which are still used. From one of of the cisterns by Herman Melville
given a visit to the Egyptian Bazaar, in lent panoramas can be seen from ing). Turn back south, along the Gold- “Here old cars come to die, becom- these, perhaps the Edirne Kapı or and Théophile Gautier). Just around
front of the Karaköy port, to stock up Kadıköy and Galata/Karaköy, for ex- en Horn, and cross the Fener, the old ing dolmuşlar, or public taxis”. Brod- Charisii Gate, the janissaries of the corner, you’ll find a Turkish bath
on spices. (Every Istanbul native will ample from the terrace at the Istan- Greek quarter of Constantinople, still sky was talking about old Dodges and Mehmet II broke in at dawn on 29 May in a hamamı, with a choice between
tell you haughtily that his local spice bul Modern museum.) the seat of the Ecumenical Patriar- Plymouths, but you’ll also see Mu- 1453. Devote a full day to exploring large or small, touristy but relaxing.
shop is much better, but don’t believe In any case, for the ultimate chate (look closely at the splendid ru- rats, made in Turkey, reproductions the Theodosian Walls. (You can walk They’re open all day, even late into
it: this is typical Constantinople snob- panorama of the historic city, go to ins, like the emblematic Kassa tou of Fiat models seen in black-and- on long stretches, protected by over- the evening, for families as well.
bery.) Next to the fantastic Carpet Mu- Edirne Kapı. From there, visit the most Koinou ton Rhomaion, where the white movies. coats from rain, wind and snow in win- Look at the guest list at the Pera
seum and the Kilims, to the left of the important Byzantine buildings after guilds of the ancient community met). Istanbul’s layering also applies un- ter, and by straw hats against the sear- Palas, the hotel built in Beyoğlu by
main entrance to the Sultanahmet Hagia Sophia: the Kariye Camii, the Take in Gül Camii, the historic church derground, obviously. Recent Byzan- ing sun of summer). Study the great- the Wagons-lits Company as a ter-
Camii, or Blue Mosque, you can also historic church of St. Saviour in Cho- of St. Theodosia, marvel at the archi- tine scholarship has studied and re- est work of defence architecture of minal on the Orient Express, in Meşru-
go susani hunting in the Arasta Bazaar. ra. Writers of the 20th century, from tecture of St. Mary of the Mongols evaluated the city’s ancient architec- our civilisation, in a structure that can tiyet Caddesi. You’ll find many of the
(Again, don’t listen to the snobs, who Cocteau to Patrick Leigh Fermor, (Kanlı Kilise), the ancient Mouchlio- ture (read “Constantinople” by Gilbert still be clearly understood; contem- great writers of the 20th century, from
will tell you it’s just a tourist trap: of swooned at its frescoes, restored in tissa, as Satcheverell Sitwell and Ned- Dagron, for example) as the artificial plate, like Lamartine and the Roman- Ernest Hemingway to John Dos Pas-
course it is, but it’s still the most lux- heart, and as a key to the ideological tics, the wild nature that creeps sos, Graham Greene and, of course,
urious vendor of Turkish fabrics, which symbolism of the Empire as an unin- through crannies; but most of all ad- Agatha Christie. The still-unexplained
come from all over Central Asia – they terrupted continuation of the histori- mire the surrounding gardens, which mystery of the days she went missing
may pass through London or Paris on cal mandate of the Romans. remain from the Byzantine period. from room 411 has become one of
their way, but no matter.) The Grand Palace (practically all Devote another day to the Marmara © CREATIVE COMMONS
the many legends associated with the
For the rest, avoid the siren-call of underground, with few visible parts: coast, the Monastery of Studius and City of Cities.
consumerism, shake a leg and visit a hidden labyrinthine city of terraces the Golden Gate, which today is part I VOLI ALITALIA PER ISTANBUL In the early 1900s, the colourful city
the neighbourhoods. Especially the and substructures, accessible from of the so-called Fortress of Seven Alitalia offre complessivamente 17 collegamenti settimanali per Istanbul: 2 of gleaming gold suddenly turned
ones in the historic peninsula, begin- entrances not far from the Mosaic Mu- Towers. (The best way to see the Mar- voli giornalieri in partenza da Roma Fiumicino (con Airbus A320 da 165 posti grey, like a screen darkened by an ir-
ning with Sultanahmet. (A stop here is seum, which houses finds from 20th- itime Walls and the Byzantine remains e con Airbus A321 da 200 posti) e 3 voli settimanali da Torino (con Airbus A319 radiating, almost radioactive force, as
heartily recommended: once again ig- century excavations) lies in an area is by train, from Sirkeci Garı to Yediküle da 138 posti) attivi martedì, venerdì e domenica. in Andrej Tarkovskij’s “Stalker”. The
noring the locals, who will direct you that corresponds almost exactly to Istasyonu). city vibrates in our collective con-
to Beyoğlu, Nişantaşı or Cihanğir, the south-eastern part of the Sul- Besides the past, the East and the ALITALIA FLIGHTS TO ISTANBUL sciousness, or perhaps awakens
which is certainly more trendy but tanahmet quarter. It is not to be con- soot, Istanbul, like all of Turkey, is in- Alitalia offers a total of 17 weekly connections to Istanbul: 2 daily flights from sleeping memories of our civilisation.
doesn’t stand on the ruins of the fused with the palace of the sultans, vaded by music. The Ottoman musi- Rome Fiumicino (aboard Airbus A320s with 165 seats and Airbus A321s with With the end of World War I, what we
Grand Palace of the basileis like the the Topkapı. This contains the oldest cal tradition is one of the most ex- 200 seats) and 3 weekly flights from Turin (aboard Airbus A319s with 138 seats), call the belle époque, the ancien
butik oteller, or the little pensions hud- Byzantine church in Constantinople, traordinary in the world. For thirty on Tuesday, Friday and Sunday. régime or the old world tout court fell
dled between the large and “small” St. Irene (only open for special occa- years, the singer-songwriter Zülfü Li- away, leaving space for a new world,
Küçuk Ayasofya, the ancient church sions a few times a year). vaneli has been a dissident symbol of that of Aldous Huxley and George Or-
of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus.) The Hippodrome (At Meydanı) ex- Turkey, the far-out intellectual, the liv- shadow theatre. Stories range from and browse through the novels he well, a new Middle Ages hovering over
Wander through the Fatih quarter tends well beyond the square of the ing legend of the entire Turkish world; the Legend of Alexander to the 1,001 set in Stamboul. the ashes of the Twin Towers.
on foot. It takes its name from the same name, which includes the as- today he is a deputy, university pro- Arabian Nights, to satires on cus- If you want to taste the danger of Since World War II, the conse-
Mosque of the Conqueror (redone in tonishing obelisk of Theodosius, the fessor, UNESCO ambassador and a toms and politics. The silhouettes, Loti’s novels, the only place in Is- quences have been felt of the shat-
the 1700s), built by Mehmet II on the trunk of the serpentine column of Del- driving force in such international in- like ancient mimes, depict Karagöz tanbul where you risk seeing a knife tering of that interstice of tolerance,
remains of the largest and most im- phi, which the ancients thought con- stitutions as the Forum on the Future and Hacivat, the two stock charac- pulled is the Russian Market of mediation among civilisations and
portant monument of Byzantine Con- tained snake’s venom, and the so- of the Planet founded by Gorbachev ters, on coloured transparencies, and Beyazıt, held on Sunday mornings cosmopolitanism passed on from the
stantinople, the complex of the Holy called Colossus, a brick obelisk cov- and the Committee for Greek-Turkish can still be purchased in some shops between the University and the Roman-Byzantine Empire to that of
Apostles. Fatih is one of the liveliest ered in bronze with Constantine VII Friendship founded by Mikis Theodor- in the Grand Bazaar. mosque of Suleiman the Magnificent Islam. Without the Ottoman Empire,
© CREATIVE COMMONS/CARLOS OCTAVIO URANGA
and most authentic quarters of the Porphyrogenitus (when visiting this akis. (In the streets of Beyazıt, around Of all the writers in the late 19th (Süleymaniye Camii). In the new, ex- the friction between ethnic groups,
modern city. For a magnificent view, area, read at least a few pages of his the Kapali Çarşı, there are numerous century who flocked to the decadent plosive metropolis of over 12 million unchecked by the West, has become
have tea on the Zeyrek Camii hill, the “Book of Ceremonies”). To under- musical instrument shops. For CDs Ottoman capital of Istanbul, the most inhabitants, the citizens of the for- the greatest problem of our era, be-
ancient Pantokrator, or contemplate stand the proportions of the Hippo- there are colossal stores along the İs- affectionate was Pierre Loti. The mer Empire of the Third Rome have tween the end of the 20th and the be-
the Valente aqueduct, the Bozdoğan drome, visit the remains of the sphen- tiklâl Caddesi to Beyoğlu and near open-air cafe he frequented as a returned. After the fall of the Soviet ginning of the 21st centuries. Istan-
Kemeri (“the Arch of the Grey Falcon”), done, the southern curve of the an- Taksim Square, which also offer a young naval officer living in Eyüp was empire, as in a déjà-vu, the mer- bul today is also the symbol of the
cient track, which can be seen clearly huge selection of classical music at named for him (Piyerloti Kahvesi) and chandise from the Asian republics decadence of modernity, of the con-
from the Nakilbend Sokağı in the di- reasonable prices.) has become a huge tourist attrac- arrived in Istanbul: caviar and Uzbek tradictions among civilisations, of the
Un momento di relax al Gran Bazar. rection of the Marmara Sea. Another tradition, only kept alive tion; yet it still houses many original fabrics; natasha has become a Turk- enigma of East-West relations.
A leisurely moment at the Grand Bazaar. Don’t miss a tour along the Theo- in private homes, is the Karagöz lithographs and you can sit at tables ish word for prostitute. Silvia Ronchey
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