4G Network

Architecture

Final report to ...lower-cost infrastructure,

survey : networks that grow organically

 System issues

 Selected concepts for 4G 4G System Issues:

 Self-organizing ,Ad-hoc Scaling of Capacity

network for 4G
 The grand vision of
ubiquitous wireless and
pervasive computing leads
“4G” Design Challenges to a serious capacity
problem.
Although 3G is an important first
step, several basic issues still  2G cellular:
need to be addressed for next
generation wireless systems:  avail BW ~ 5 Mhz,
spectral eff ~ 0.2-0.3
Fast/reliable broadband radios bps/Hz
(PHY/MAC) with QoS
 max capacity ~ 100
~100 Kbps à1-10 Mbps with Kbps avg, 1 Mbps
adaptivity, link reliability & Qos peak (with packet
MAC) per sq-Km
Scalable system capacity for
mass-market services  3G Cellular:

high service penetration implies  avail BW ~ 25 Mhz,

~Gbps/Sq-Km spectral eff ~ 0.3-0.5
Integration of multiple radio bps/Hz
technologies into single IP  max capacity ~ 1
network Mbps avg, 10 Mbps
unified mobility architecture peak (with packet
MAC) per sq-Km
New networking modes, e.g.
multicast, multihop & peer-to-  Wireless LAN
peer (802.11x, Hiperlan):
  avail BW ~ 100 Mhz,
spectral eff ~ 0.2-0.3
bps/Hz
 max capacity ~ 100
Mbps avg, 1 Gbps
peak per sq-Km
Evolution of Radio Speed
vs. Moore’s Law
 4G systems can exploit
Moore’s law advances in
radio speed, but need to
work with shorter range...
Protocol Evolution
Selected Concepts for 4G
Potential “4G” Network Ideas
A few techniques for achieving
the 4G design goals discussed
earlier:
• 3G/WLAN Hot-Spots
• Use of WLAN in hot-
spots for lower
system cost, better
end-user performance
and more total
capacity
• Infostations
• Use of “radio caches”
for significant
reduction in average
cost per bit,
facilitating
qualitatively new
mobile services
• Self-organizing, ad-hoc
wireless access
networks
• Ad-hoc wireless
network protocols
which support
multihop and peer-to-
peer service models,
particularly for low-
tier uses (in-home,
sensors, etc.)
• Content-based
multicasting
...new network service paradigms
for location- and person-aware
information delivery to mobiles
4G Mobile Network
features
 Some desirable new
features for 4G networks
are:
  Unified IP-based “Network of wireless
protocol architecture networks”
with support for
multiple radios

 Multicasting, caching
and security features,
etc.

 Hierarchical support
of high-tier (cellular),
med tier (WLAN) and
low-tier (personal
area, sensor nets)

 Self-organizing, ad- Compare 3G & 4G

hoc wireless discovery
& routing  Comparison of 3G and
4G
Hierarchy & Self-
Organization  3G:

 Hierarchical, self-organizing  --Back compatible to 2G.

network concept currently  --Circuit and packet
under consideration, based switched networks.
on:
 --Combination of existing &
 3 service tiers evolved equipment.
(cellular, WLAN,
personal area)  --Data rate (up to 2Mbps).

 BS’s, AP’s, FN’s  4G:

(forwarding radio
nodes), user devices  --Extend 3G capacity.

 automatic discovery  --Entirely packet switched

and power networks.
management
 --All network elements are
protocols
digital.
 hierarchical, ad-hoc
--Higher bandwidth (up to
multi-hop routing
100Mbps).

The NEWS about 4G

  ASIA : South Korean is
already arranging an
auction of 4G wireless
licenses across wireless and
broadband internet.

• Successful Demo of
Beyond-3G Wireless IP

• NEC Europe Ltd announced

the successful completion
of the three-year “Moby
Dick Project”, aimed at
developing a seamless
converged mobile network
architecture based on
Internet Protocol version 6
(IPv6).

• Life After 3G Wireless

• With 3G set for widespread

launch in 2004 across
Europe, operators are
already thinking about the
post 3G world and what
comes next.

• First Step Towards Full

Range of WiMax / 4G
Applications

This successful implementation of

the OFDM waveform is the first
step in Military Technologies plan
to implement the complete IEEE
802.16 family of wireless data
applications.