Unit 1

1 Each stage of information transfer is required to follow the fundamentals of

____________
a) Optical interconnection
b) Optical hibernation
c) Optical networking
d) Optical regeneration

2 ____________ is a multi-functional element of optical network.

a) Hop
b) Optical node
c) Wavelength
d) Optical attenuation
3 A signal carried on a dedicated wavelength from source to destination node is
known as a ____________
a) Light path
b) Light wave
c) Light node
d) Light source
4 The fundamentals of optical networking are divided into _______ areas.
a) Two
b) One
c) Four
d) Three
5 The optical networking fundamentals are _____________ of the transmission
techniques.
a) Dependent
b) Independent
c) Similar
d) Dissimilar
6 The network structure formed due to the interconnectivity patterns is known as a
____________

a) Network
b) Struck
c) Topology
d) D-pattern
7 In the __________ topology, the data generally circulates bi-directionally.
a) Mesh
b) Bus
c) Star
d) Ring
8 The ring and star topologies are combined in a ________ configuration.
a) Mesh
b) Fringe
c) Data
d) Singular

9 ____________ refers to the process whereby a node finds one or more paths to
possible destinations in a network.
a) Routing
b) Framing
c) Lightning
d) Cloning

10 Which type of fiber-optic coupler causes the distribution of an optical power from
more than two input ports among the several output ports?
a. Star Coupler
b. Tree Coupler
c. X Coupler
d. All of the above

11 Which optical devices are adopted or applicable for routing signals from one
waveguide to another?
a. Optical Splitter
b. Optical Coupler
c. Optical Combiner
d. None of the above

12 A coupler which consists of a series of lenses and a partly reflective surface

a. Beam-splitting coupler
b. Reflective star coupler
c. Fused coupler
d. None of these

13 For linear as well as in nonlinear mode _______________ are most important

network elements.
a) Optical amplifier
b) Optical detector
c) A/D converter
d) D/A converters
14  ________________ cannot be used for wideband amplification.
a) Semiconductor optical amplifier
b) Erbium-doped fiber amplifier
c) Raman fiber amplifier
d) Brillouin fiber amplifier
15 Excited state absorption ________ the pumping efficiency of device.
a) Increases
b) Does not affects
c) Reduces
d) Has negligible effect on

16 Signal amplification is obtained in ____________.

a) Erbium-doped fluoro-zir-carbonate fiber multimode
b) Rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers
c) Raman fiber systems
d) Brillouin fiber amplifier

17  Optical electro-conversions takes place in _________________ networks.

a) Sessional
b) Optical packet-switched
c) Optical circuit-switched
d) Circular

18  Which band/s specify/ies the operation range of Erbium doped fiber amplifier
(EDFA)?
a. A. By O band
b. By C band
c. By S band
d. All of the above
19  In circulator, an optical path of signal follows _______
a. An open loop
b. A closed loop
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

20 A strategy used for increasing the bitrate of digital optical fiber systems beyond the
bandwidth capabilities of the drive electronics is known as ___________
a) Optical time division multiplexing
b) Electrical time division multiplexing
c) Frequency division multiplexing
d) Code division multiplexing

21 In __________ the microwave frequency are modulated with an optical carrier and
transmitted using a single wavelength channel.
a) Subcarrier multiplexing
b) TDM
c) FDM
d) Code division multiplexing

22 In System Transport Signal multiplexer multiplexes signal from multiple sources and
creates
 a)Optical Network
b) Optical Signal
c) Optical Device
d) None of the Above
23 In STS multiplexer the type of signal at the input and output of an ADD/Drop
Multiplexer is
A) A)Different
b) same
c)converted
d) Zero
24 It is a passive device which allows the flow of optical signal power in only one
direction and preventing reflections in the backward direction.
a) Fiber slice
b) Optical fiber connector
c) Optical isolator
d) Optical coupler

25 Which feature of an optical isolator makes it attractive to use with optical amplifier?

a) Low loss
b) Wavelength blocking
c) Low refractive index
d) Attenuation
26 How many implementation methods are available for optical isolators?
a) One
b) Four
c) Two
d) Three

27 A device which is made of isolators and follows a closed loop path is called as a
____________
a) Circulator
b) Gyrator
c) Attenuator
d) Connector
28 The commercially available circulators exhibit insertion losses around
________________
a) 2 dB
b) 0.7 dB
c) 0.2 dB
d) 1 dB
29 A combination of a FBG and ________________ can be used to produce non-
blocking optical wavelength division add/draw multiplexers.
a) Circulator
b) Optical Isolators
c) Attenuator
d) Connector
30 Optical fiber couplers are also called as ________________
 a) Isolators
b) Circulators
c) Directional couplers
d) Attenuators
31 A four-port multimode fiber FBT coupler has 50 μW optical power launched into port
1. The measured output power at ports 2,3 and 4 are 0.003, 23.0 and 24.5 μW
respectively. Determine the excess loss.
a) 0.22 dB
b) 0.33 dB
c) 0.45 dB
d) 0.12 dB
32 A four-port FBT coupler has 60μW optical power launched into port one. The output
powers at ports 2, 3, 4 are 0.0025, 18, and 22 μW respectively. Find the split ratio?
a) 42%
b) 46%
c) 52%
d) 45%
33 Optical add/drop elements based on _____________
a) fiber Bragg gratings
b) Circulators
c) Directional couplers
d) Attenuators
34 The basic function of fabry peret filter is ___________

a)Transmitted waves are add in phase

b) Reflected waves are add in phase
c)Transmitted waves are cancel each other
d) Reflected waves are cancel each other
35 Mach-Zehender interferometer working based on
a) A)Wavelength
b) B)Path Length
c) C)Inphase
d) D)Out phase
36 In WDM Communication systems gratings are used as __________ to separate the
individual wavelengths
a) Circulator
b) Optical Isolators
c) Attenuator
d) Demultiplexer
37 Fiber gratings working based on
a) A)Diffraction
b) B)Reflection
c) C)Refraction
d) D)Scattering
38 Fiber Bragg Gratings can be produced based on
a) A)Periodic perturbation
b) B)Periodic changes in refractive index
 c) C)Periodic scattering
d) D)All the above
39 Fiber gratings can be used for a variety of applications like
a) filtering
b) add/drop functions
c) compensating for accumulated dispersion
d) All the above
40 A Fabry-Perot filter tenability can be achieved by changing
a) a)Cavity length
b) b)Refractive index
c) c)Input
d) d)feedback
41 The acousto-optic tuneable filter (ATOF) is used to construct
a) a)Wave length cross connect
b) b)Frequency cross connect
c) c)Optical cross connect
d) d)None of the above
42 Laser action principle based on
a) a)Spontaneous emission
b) b)Stimulated Emission
c) c)Radiation Mechanism
d) d)None of the above
43 Life time of an electron in metastable state
a) a)High compared to higher energy states
b) b)Less compared to higher energy states
c) c)Equal compared to higher energy states
d) d)None
44 In EDFA erbium atoms consists of _______ Energy levels
a)2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
45 Bandwidth Spectrum of Raman amplifier is _________compared with Birlouin
amplifier
a) A)High
b) B)Low
c) C)Equal
d) D)Very low
46 In Raman amplifier the gain is mainly depends upon _______
a) A)Noise factor
b) B)pump signal gain
c) C)Scattering level
d) D)Bandwidth
47 Semiconductor amplifiers (SOAs) are used for _______
a)switches
b)wavelength converter devices
c) Small Transmitters
d) All the Above
48 At thermal Equilibrium in N type material has__________
 a) A)Electrons as majority
b) B)Both electron and holes are equal
c) C)Holes are majority
d) D)Both electron and holes are unequal
49 In Semiconductor Optical amplifier (SOA) population inversion stands for
a) N1> N2
b) N2>N1
C) N1=N2
d) N1>>N2
50 Crosstalk in Semiconductor optical amplifier( SOA) Depends upon
a) A)Life time of Spontaneous emission
b) B)Life time of electron in high energy levels
c) C)Life time of Stimulated emission
d) D)Life time of electron in ground levels