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the February
2010 issue of
A
n important part of designing specially formulated syntactic phenolic sion and collapse, its thermal conductiv-
offshore production systems, par- foams or epoxy-based materials. ity increases, and its ability to insulate
ticularly in deep, cold water, is There has been an accelerated need decreases.
providing sufficient thermal insulation. for new elastomers in the last 10 years The industry has made significant
progress in increasing the reliability and
integrity of wet thermal insulation mate-
rials to cope with increasing water depths
and pressures. But materials that may
have been sufficient at 3,000 to 4,000 ft
(914 to 1,219 m) water depths are not
necessarily suitable for deeper water, and
failures could be magnified, said Eric
Heuring, global product manager of
thermal insulation at FMC.
In addition to having excellent ther-
mal insulation properties, materials need
to protect against corrosion, resist seawa-
ter and impacts, be incompressible yet
flexible, and not degrade during the life
of subsea projects, which is often 20 to
25 years or longer.
GoM
Many Gulf of Mexico (GoM) projects
developed in 2,000 to 7,600 ft (610 to
2,316 m) water depth have subsea equip-
ment encased with epoxy-based thermal
insulation (Novotherm). These include
Shell’s Manatee, Oregano, Serrano,
This subsea manifold was insulated in parallel with deepwater subsea proj- Crosby, and Na Kika fields (7,600 ft);
with Novolastic HT and installed on ects. According to Janardhan Davalath, ExxonMobil’s Marshall, Mica, and
Murphy Oil’s Azurite field offshore the product manager of subsea process sys- Madison; Anadarko’s Navajo; and BP’s
Congo in 4,470 ft (1,360 m) water depth tems and flow management at FMC Atlantis (7,000 ft or 2,130 m).
in 2008 (Image courtesy of FMC Technologies in Houston. The industry But deeper projects require a different
Technologies Inc.) is looking for high-performance materi- formulation.
als, and companies are investing heavily When BP was planning its Thunder
Fluids are produced at high tempera- in R&D to meet market demand. Horse project in 1999, FMC had to con-
tures, and equipment must be capable of sider production temperatures greater
handling extremely hot fluid while sub- Common failure modes than 250°F (121ºC) in designing and
mersed in water close to freezing. Subsea The most common failures in wet insu- insulating the subsea equipment (E&P
lines are insulated to maintain produced lation are cracks and collapse caused by November 2003). Materials scientists at
liquid hydrocarbons at a sufficiently high extreme compression. Cracks can result FMC began developing a new class of
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