SHEPHERDVILLE COLLEGE

Talojongon, Tigaon, Camarines Sur

Senior High Department
First Semester
AY 2020 – 2021

A. Introduction

How do humans use communication to influence other people’s behavior? Communication as a

human activity always serves a function. Functions of communication refer to how humans use
language for different purposes.

B. Competency 2: EN11/12OC-Ia-2 – Functions of communication

 Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:

1. Discuss the functions of communication

2. Identify the speaker’s purposes
3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an oral communication activity

 Definition of Terms
1. Communication – transmission and reception of information between a human source (encoder)
and a human receiver (decoder) using a signaling system
2. Channel function – how human puts communication, primarily language to use
3. Communication as regulatory/control – use of communication to influence the behavior of others
4. Communication as social interaction – use of interaction to form and develop relationships
5. Communication as information – use of communication to give facts and information

 Context

There are four common functions of communication – regulation/control, social interaction,

information, and emotional expression.

1. Regulation/Control
Communication can be used to control the behavior of human beings. Examples of
regulation/control include doctors’ prescriptions, parents’ instructions to their children, friends
giving advice, customers making orders, and many others. Communication as a means of
regulation or control can come in the form of commands (grammatically known as imperatives)
such as the following:

Please come in.

Get a chair.
Run.

SAQ # 1: What are other commonly used commands or question that influence people to do
something? Write at least 5. (5%)
2. Social Interaction
Communication can be used to produce social interaction. Examples of communication as social
interaction include pick-up lines, invitations, greetings, appreciation, encouragement, and many
others. Below are several examples of expressions that produce social interaction.

Let’s be friends.
Will you marry me?
Be my group partner.
I love you.
You mean so much to me.
Hello!

SAQ # 2: What are other examples of things you say in order to be closer to other people?
Write at least 5. (5%)

3. Information
Communication can be used for getting and giving information. Giving information usually comes in
the form of statements of facts (grammatically known as declaratives) and sometimes in terms of
rhetorical questions. Getting information can come in the form of questions intended for getting
information (grammatically known as interrogatives), commands (grammatically known as
imperatives) and even through statements. The following show some forms in which giving and
getting information take.

Giving information…
Using statements…
I have three brothers.
Philippine Normal University was established in 1901.
For every action, there is a reaction.
Using rhetorical questions…
Did you know that some earphones can be used as microphones?
Using imperatives…
Tell me how much a can of corned beef costs.
Show me how to tie a knot
Using declaratives…
I don’t know where to find the city hall.
I need to understand how my bill was computed.

SAQ # 3: How do different kinds of people share information? (5%)

For further understanding of the lesson, watch the video about Language Functions, titled: A
Primer on Communication. Available online at http://2012books.lardbucket.org with an anonymous
publisher and author.

C. SAQ # 4: What are the three common functions of language? (3%)

D. Summary
Human communication always has functions. These include regulatory/control, social interaction,
and information. Social interaction is always involved in any communication activity between
humans.
 E. References
- Andrew Rey S. Peňa and Ali G. Anudin (2016), Oral Communication, Vibal Group Inc.
pp. 17 – 21
- A simple categorization of language functions is found in
http://philosophy.lander.edu/logic/form_lang.html

F. Student Assessment Questions: (5%)

1. What is meant by communication functions?
2. What is the significance of comparing language to a tool?
3. What is meant by language as regulatory/control?
4. What is meant by language as social interaction?
5. What is meant by language as information?

Prepared by:

MENARD JONAS B. MESOGA

Instructor, Oral Communication
 SHEPHERDVILLE COLLEGE
Talojongon, Tigaon, Camarines Sur
Senior High Department
First Semester
AY 2020 – 2021

ANSWER SHEET

Name: _____________________________________ Date Submitted: _____________________

Year and Section: ___________________________ Subject: ____________________________

SAQ # 1: What are other commonly used commands or question that influence people to do something?
Write at least 5. (5%)
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

SAQ # 2: What are other examples of things you say in order to be closer to other people? Write at least
5. (5%)
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

SAQ # 3: How do different kinds of people share information? (5%)

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

SAQ # 4: What are the three common functions of language? (3%)

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

Student Assessment Questions: (5%)

1. What is meant by communication functions?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the significance of comparing language to a tool?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is meant by language as regulatory/control?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

4. What is meant language as social interaction?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

5. What is meant by language as information?

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
 SHEPHERDVILLE COLLEGE
Talojongon, Tigaon, Camarines Sur
Senior High Department
First Semester
AY 2020 – 2021

COURSE GUIDE
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
1st Semester – First Batch

PRELIMS – Our Literary Heritage

MODULE 1 – By Word of Mouth

MODULE 2 – To Account for Beginnings
MODULE 3 – To Thee We Sing
MODULE 4 – The Tale of Tonyo the Brave

MIDTERM – Oral, Written, and Digital Philippine Literary Forms through the Years

MODULE 5 – Present-Day Fables

MODULE 6 – In Response to Our Legendary Origin
MODULE 7 – We Draw Inspiration from Works of Art
MODULE 8 – We Reflect, Take Stock, and Share Meaningful Events

SEMI-FINALS – We Salute Our Distinguished Filipino Men and Women of Letters

MODULE 9 – Of Poems and Poets

MODULE 10 – Literature of the Fantastic
MODULE 11 – From a Journalist’s Pen
MODULE 12 – Hail to Novel Literary Creations

FINALS – We Respond to Issues and Change in Varied Ways

MODULE 13 – The Environmental Issue

MODULE 14 – The Population and Related Issues
MODULE 15 – Accountability
MODULE 16 – In Response to Change in the Course of Time
 SHEPHERDVILLE COLLEGE
Talojongon, Tigaon, Camarines Sur
Senior High Department
First Semester
AY 2020 – 2021

COURSE GUIDE
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
1st Semester – Second Batch

PRELIMS – To be Human and Humane

MODULE 17 – The Human Niche

MODULE 18 – Our Inner Self
MODULE 19 – To God Belongs What He Has Taken
MODULE 20 – The Post-Human Age We’re In

MIDTERM – Live and Let Live

MODULE 21 – From the Unborn Child

MODULE 22 – Our Cherished Ways
MODULE 23 – Holding On and Letting Go
MODULE 24 – Reactions, Reflections, and Response

SEMI-FINALS – Examining Priorities in Our World Today

MODULE 25 – What Really Matters

MODULE 26 – Our Time and Ill-Timed Efforts
MODULE 27 – We Look, Listen, and Learn
MODULE 28 – Facing Challenges

FINALS – Perspective

MODULE 29 – A Matter of Choice

MODULE 30 – In Retrospect
MODULE 31 – Food for Thought
MODULE 32 – Across Time and Space
 SHEPHERDVILLE COLLEGE
Talojongon, Tigaon, Camarines Sur
Senior High Department
First Semester
AY 2020 – 2021
A. Introduction

Before any country came up with its writing system, information was handed down orally.
The oral literary forms that were produced in that period were mostly folklore, and they
came in the form of proverbs or saying, myths or legendary accounts, riddles, fables, and
songs. Since our country is made up of islands, provinces, and regions with different
languages, the literary forms produced during the pre-colonial times were expressed in
varied tongues.

B. Competency 1: By Word of Mouth

 Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:

1. Appreciate the cultural and aesthetic similarities as well as the diversity of proverbs,
sayings, and riddles across multi-linguistic regions of the nation
2. Note the geographic, linguistic, and ethnic dimensions of Philippine literature during the
pre-colonial era
3. Explain the texts in terms of literary elements, genres, and traditions
4. Use critical reading strategies to make sense of literary meanings in context
5. Note the literary devices used in different text types

 Definition of Terms

1. Literature – written works such as poems, plays, and novels that are considered to be very
good and to have lasting importance.
2. Folklore – traditional customs, beliefs, stories, and sayings
3. Proverbs – a brief popular saying that gives advice about how people should live or that
expresses a belief that is generally thought to be true.
4. Myths – an idea or story that is believed by many people but that is not true.
5. Riddles – a mystifying, misleading, or puzzling question posed as a problem to be solved or
guessed.
6. Fables – a short story that is usually about animals and that is intended to teach a lesson.

 Context

The following are sets of salawikain – Filipino proverbs or sayings which contain traditional
wisdom from the past.
 A. The following English proverb that indicates the Golden Rule also has equivalent
versions in different regions all over the country.

Do not do unto your fellow men what you do

not wish done to you.

Ang masama sa iyo, huwag mong Kung ano ang maraot sa imo, da mo gibuhon
gawin sa kapwa mo. – Tagalog sa iba. – Bicol

Saan mo aramiden iti padam a tao, ti No agmo labay ya pagawad sica, agmo
di ca cayat a maarid kenca. – Ilocano gagaween edkaparam a too. – Pangasinense

Dili mo pagpuhaton ngato sa uban, Parinen mo ava du capayengay mo, ato u

ang alang kanimo dautan. - Cebuano ichasekej mo aparinem dimo. – Ivatan

Con ano ang guinbuhat mo, amo man

ang buhaton sa imo. – Ilonggo

B. The Tagalog and the Ilocano proverbs that follow have more than one equivalent proverb
in English.

A stitch in time saves nine.

Daig ng maagap ang
masipag. – Tagalog
Do not put off tomorrow what you
can do today.

The early bird catches the

worm.

father is,
Tell me who your
companions are,
ti anam
Ibagan no sinno
ti caduam

Ta ibagac no sinno ca. – Ilocano

Birds of the same feather flock together.

SAQ #1: State how these pairs of words taken from the English proverbs in Literary
Selections B are related in meaning. Write R if the words in each pair relate to each other, S if
they are synonyms, and A if they are antonyms. (5%)
 ___1. Bird – feather ____4. Put off – can do
___2. Bird – worm ____5. Today – tomorrow
___3. Same – like

C. The English translations of these proverbs in Bikol, Cebuano, and Tagalog have
equivalent proverbs in English.

Bikol Translated to English English Proverb

Putusan mo man an amo sa Wrap a monkey in gold; he Looks do not make a man.
bulawan, amo man giraray. will stay a monkey yet.
Cebuano
Unsa ang tawo, maila sa
iyang binuhatan.
Translated to English English Proverb
A man is known by his By their fruits, you shall
Tagalog acts. know them.
Makikilala sa gawa ang
katotohanang dakila.

SAQ # 2: Answer the following questions about the proverbs

given in Literary Selections. (12%)

1. Which of the English proverbs makes a reference to mending rips in clothes? What would
happen if one puts off doing it? What word is left out on purpose at the end of the proverb?
Why is this done? (3%)

2. Business-wise, how valid is the observation made in the first English equivalent of the Ilocano
proverb in Literary Selections B that “the early bird catches the worm”? Why? (3%)

3. Do you agree with the claims made that one’s parentage and choice of peer groups will after
one’s being and way of thinking? Why or why not? (3%)

4. Compare the direct translation of the Bikol proverb in example C, “Wrap a monkey in gold; he
will stay a monkey yet” and its English equivalent. How can gold be compared to a person’s
looks?

Proverbs are short but meaty sayings prescribing accepted norms of behavior. For these wise
sayings to be easily remembered they must not only be meaningful in content but they must
create impact through the way they are worded.

A. The English proverb on the Golden Rule has two parts: the first part focuses on fellowmen
and the second part focuses on the person being addressed. Both parts are worded in the
negative (“do not do” – do not wish”) to emphasize what should not be done.
 SAQ #3: Go over the seven Golden Rule equivalent proverbs from the different linguistic
groups in our country in Literary Selections A. On the first blank, write fy if the proverb focuses
on fellowmen before the one addressed. Write yf if focus is placed first on the addressed
rather than on one’s fellowmen.

Then, on the second blank, put a minus sign (-) if the proverb stresses what should not be
done. Put a plus sign (+) if the focus is not necessarily on the negative. The analysis of the
English proverb is done as an example for you. (14%)

Example:

“Do not do unto your fellowmen what you do not wish do unto you.” fy ---

PROVERB

1. Tagalog ___ ___ 5. Pangasinense ___ ___

2. Ilocano ___ ___ 6. Ivatan ___ ___
3. Cebuano ___ ___ 7. Ilongo ___ ___
4. Bikol ___ ___

Riddle refers to a mystifying, misleading, or puzzling question posed as a problem to be

solved or guessed.

The following are some riddles that are part of the oral literature of some linguistic groups in
the Philippines.

A. Riddles of Three Linguistic Groups Describing the Same Object

Taas ug puti nga babaye A tall white lady

Visayan Nag ka-on sa iyang lawas Eating her own body

Ilocano Haan nga tau, Not human nor animal

Haan nga hayup, Yet tears flow from its eyes
Agtedtedted ti luwa na.

Ibanag Sinni pano y tadday nga babay Who can that lovely lady be,
Kanan na baggi na a maguroray Who eats her own body?

B. Descriptive and Problem-Solving Riddles

Adapted from Elma Herradura’s translation in Clavel, “ The Oral Literature of Capiz”

The sea is wrapped by the earth, The one sent to fetch someone,
the earth is covered by bone, has not yet returned,
the bone is covered by hair, but the one fetched,
the hair is covered by skin. has already arrived.
 SAQ # 4: State how the following pairs of words taken from the riddles are related in meaning.
Write R if the words in each pair are related to each other, S if they are synonyms, and A if
they are antonyms.

____ 1. Wrapped – covered ____ 4. Send – return

____ 2. Tears – eyes ____ 5. Skin – bone
____ 3. Sea – earth

For further understanding of the lesson, watch the video on YouTube discussed by Ma. Fe Chavez
entitled, “An Introduction to 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World” or, “21 st
Century Literature” by Jonessa D. Dao-ang.

D. Summary

Literature refers to the written works such as poems, plays, and novels that are
considered to be very good and to have lasting importance. Literature metaphorically signified
as the mirror of society. Its different forms are as follows: (1) Folklore. Folklore pertains to the
traditional customs, beliefs, stories, and sayings. (2) Proverbs. Proverbs are brief popular
saying that gives advice about how people should live or that expresses a belief that is
generally thought to be true. (3) Myths. Myths refer to an idea or story that is believed by many
people but that is not true. (4) Riddles. A riddle is a mystifying, misleading, or puzzling question
posed as a problem to be solved or guessed. (5) Fables. Fables refer to a short story that is
usually about animals and that is intended to teach a lesson.

E. References
- Tayao et.al., 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World for Senior High
School, C & E Publishing Inc. pp. 3 – 11.

F. Student Assessment Questions (10%)

1. Compare the translations and the English equivalents of the Bikol, Cebuano, and Tagalog
proverbs regarding what should count in our appraisal of others. Consider the following
questions.
 Which type goes direct to the point? (2%)
 Which type uses symbols to emphasize not only what is said but also how the idea is
expressed? (2%)
2. Search the Internet for samples of proverbs from countries around the world that prescribe
norms of behavior in the following areas.
 Interpersonal relationships (2%)
 Use of time (2%)
 Choice of company one keep (2%)