ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
CENG 4602 Irrigation Engineering (Extension) Date: June 27, 2010
Final Examination II semester 2009/2010(2002E.C.) Time: 3:00 – 5:30pm

Name ____________________________________
ID No. ________________

Part I. Multiple Choice

1. Choose the incorrect statement about irrigation

a. Irrigation helps to stabilize the farm economy
b. Irrigation may result in dumping of weather
c. Crop production can not be increased by irrigation practice alone.
d. Irrigation does not favor mixed cropping
e. None
2. One of the following can less likely be the goal of irrigation development in
Ethiopia.
a. To increase production and supply of food crops both quantitatively and
qualitatively so that the population will be fed adequately.
b. To improve the quality of life of rural population through the generation of
higher incomes and reduction of poverty.
c. To promote higher standards of nutrition and health, greater equity
progress in education and personal freedom.
d. To increase and diversify the production of raw materials for industry and
to promote linkage with the industrial sector
e. None
3. Based on the records on the major droughts that have been occurred in Ethiopia
since the 1950’s, the probability of occurrence of drought in the country is now
about:
a. 1 in 4years c. 1 in 6years e. 1 in 10years
b. 1 in 5years d. 1 in 8years

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4. According to Ethiopian standard, an irrigation project is said to be large scale if
the total command area is:
a. Greater than 200ha c. Greater than 3000 ha e. None
b. Greater than 2000 ha d. Greater than 7500 ha
5. Upon the results of the various master plan study, which of the following river
basin of Ethiopia is considered to have high irrigation potential?
a. Awash c. Genale-Dawa e. Omo-Gibe
b. Baro-Akobo d. Mereb
6. The gross irrigation potential of Ethiopia is estimated to be: ______.
a. 3.7 million ha c. 5.6 million ha e. None
b. 4.2 million ha d. 4.6 million ha
7. Despite the ambition plan of the Ethiopian government to expand the irrigation
sector in the country, the development of this sector is facing many challenges
and of which the major one is:
a. Lack of hydrological data
b. Insufficient number of skilled manpower
c. Lack of finance
d. Lack of detail mapping data
e. Fear of conflicts with the neighboring countries like Sudan and Egypt
8. Among irrigation project planning steps, project formulation refers to:
a. Defining the project scope in clear and precise statements
b. Collection of the various data which are important for studying the
feasibility of the project
c. Consideration of the anticipated future needs of the project.
d. Listing of the possible various alternatives and preliminary evaluation of
each alternatives.
e. Selection of the best among the various project alternatives chosen.
9. The relationship between dry-weight basis moisture content, m and volume basis
moisture content, v of a soil may be expressed in terms of the bulk density, b as:

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 v b b
a.  m  c.  m  e.  v  1 
b v m

b
b.  m   b   v d.  v 
m
10. A 100 cm3 soil is taken in the field which weighs 175 gm at the time of sampling.
The oven dry weight of the sample is 150 gm. If the density of water is assumed
as 1gm/cm3, the moisture content in volume basis is:
a. 19.0% b. 14.3% c. 12.3 % d. 16.7% e. None

11. In question number 10, the soil moisture content for a 120cm deep soil is:
a. 30.0cm b. 22.8cm c. 20.0cm d. 17.2cm e. None

12. The available water range in terms of soil water potential is large in:
a. Clay soil c. Sandy soil e. a and c
b. Loam soil d. Same for all soil types
13. If the average Kc of a crop grown in a climate which demands a potential
evapotranspiration of 6.5mm/day is 0.60, the seasonal water requirement of the
crop for a total growing period of 120days is:
a. 468mm b. 1300mm c. 11.1mm d. 78.5mm e. None
14. A 10-hectare field is to be irrigated with a sprinkler system. The root zone depth
is 1.0m and the field capacity of the soil is 24% while the permanent wilting point
is 15% by weight. The soil bulk density is 1.5 gm/cm3 and the water application
efficiency is 70%. The soil is to be irrigated when 60% of the available water has
depleted. The peak evapotranspiration is 5.0mm/day and the system is to be run
for 10 hours in a day. What is the net irrigation depth required?
a. 67.5mm b. 81mm c. 35mm d. 78.5mm e. None
15. In question number 14, the gross depth of irrigation required is:
a. 96.4mm b. 100mm c. 50mm d. 112.1mm e. None

16. In question number 14, the area to be irrigated per day is:
a. 1ha/day b. 2 ha/day c. 3ha/day d. 4ha/day e. None
17. In question number 14, the required system capacity is:

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 a. 0.63m3/s b. 0.85 m3/s c. 1 m3/s d. 0.79 m3/s e. None

18. A ratio of the cultivated area to the culturable command area in an irrigation
project is said to be:
a. Uncultivable command area c. Intensity of irrigation e. b and c

b. Gross command area d. a and b

19. The total command area of an irrigation project is 1600ha, where 80ha is
unculturable. The area covered with crop A is 600ha and that of crop B is 400ha.
The duty of crop A is 2400ha/cumec and the duty of crop B is 4000ha/cumec. The
intensity of irrigation is:
a. 65.8% c. 62.5% e. None
b. 37.5% d. 25.0%
20. In question number 19, the capacity of a channel serving both crop A and crop B
assuming 10% transmission loss is:
a. 0.250 cumec c. 0.385 cumec e. None
b. 0.275 cumec d. 0.350 cumec
21. Consider a trapezoidal weir whose crest length is L and depth of flow over the
crest is H. The discharge of water passing through opening (notch) of the weir is
expressed by the relation:
a. Q  0.0184 LH 3 / 2 c. Q  0.0186 LH 3 / 2 e.
Q  0.0184 L  0.2 H  H 2 / 3

b. Q  0.0184 LH 2 / 3 d. Q  0.0186 LH 2 / 3
22. Choose the criterion which is sufficient for design of lined trapezoidal channel.
a. Side slopes of the channel should be flat enough not to be eroded easily
when saturated.
b. The water in a channel should flow at non-erosive velocity
c. The longitudinal slope of the channel should not be excess
d. Velocity of water flow in the channel needs to be sufficiently high
e. a and b

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23. Suppose that a weir is constructed having a shutter onto its crest. If ponding of
water achieved by the raised crest is P1 and by the shutter is P2, which of the
following is true?
a. The total ponding of water by the weir is P1 + P2
b. P1 is much less than P2
c. P2 is much less than P1
d. a and b
e. a and c
24. Soil moisture refers to:
a. The relative water content in the soil system
b. The ratio of the mass of water to the mass of the soil system
c. The water content present in large pores of the soil system
d. The quantity of water in the soil system that is readily available to plants
e. a and b
25. The purposes of a diversion head work doesn’t include the following:
a. raise the water level at the head of the canal
b. control entry of silt into the canal
c. Reduce expensive cutting in the head reaches of the canal and facilitate
command of the area by gravity flow.
d. Control the fluctuation of water level in the river during different seasons.
e. None
26. It is planned to design a drop structure with a discharge of 2.5m 3/sec for
dissipating energy of water. If the depth of flow in the channel upstream of the
proposed location of the structure is 0.50m, then the lip or sill height to be
constructed at the end of the stilling basin of the structure will be:
a. 15cm c. 13cm e. None
b. 12cm d. 16cm
27. In question number 26, the length of the stilling basin to be made is:
a. 1.705m c. 1.810m e. None
b. 1.690cm d. 1.50m
28. In question number 26, the width of the stilling basin to be made is:

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 a. 2.28m c. 2.94m e. None
b. 2.35m d. 11.67m
29. Identify the wrong statement about the characteristics of surface irrigation.
a. the most extensively used method worldwide
b. water application is directly on the soil surface
c. The water use efficiency is very low
d. Energy costs and labor requirements are substantially lower
e. Limited to land already having small and even slopes
30. Among the different irrigation systems known, the best irrigation method is:
a. Drip system c. furrow system e. None
b. Basin system d. Sprinkler system

Part II. Matching

________ 1. clogging a. raised crest
________ 2. Fertigation b. cohesive force
________ 3. Excess irrigation c. sprinkler system
________ 4. Barrage d. equitable distribution of water
________ 5. Wind e. adhesive force
________ 6. Hygroscopic water f. drip irrigation
________ 7. Lining g. dyke
________ 8. Cross obstacles h. shutter
i. drop structure
i. water logging
j. health hazard
k. high seepage
l. aqueduct
Part III. Fill in the blanks
1. The objectives of irrigation practice are::
a. _____________________
b. _____________________
c. _____________________

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 d. _____________________
e. _____________________

2. ________________________ refers to the process of choosing the best irrigation

system among physically feasible alternatives.
3. ________________________ is the water in the large pores of the soil system
that drains out so fast and freely that it is not available to the crops.
4. In an irrigation project, if flow in a canal is divided equally between two or more
smaller canals with command area as a criterion, such distribution system is
known as ____________________________.
5. _______________ is a self supporting canal section that is used to carry irrigation
water across drainage canals, gullies or depressions.
6. _____________________refers to the time period between first watering and last
watering of a crop.
7. Depending upon the topography of the area, the three irrigation canal alignment
methods are:
a. _______________________
b. _______________________
c. _______________________

8. _______________ refers to a canal section which carries maximum discharge for

a given excavation.
9. The advantages of canal lining includes:
a. _______________________
b. _______________________
c. _______________________
d. _______________________
e. _______________________
f. _______________________

10. Borders are similar to basins but they are different from basins into two important
aspects:

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 a. _______________________
b. _______________________

Part IV. Numerical Problems:

1. Prove that the best hydraulic section of a rectangular channel is half a square.

2. In a given set of sprinkler layout, the depths of water in cm caught in 21 open

cans placed at regular intervals of 3meteres with a sprinkled area of 12m x 12m
are given below. Calculate the uniformity coefficient.

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3. It is understood that lining an existing trapezoidal channel network in an irrigation
project will result in an annual total benefit of 110,000 birr by saving of water and
by reducing the maintenance cost. If the initial capital required for lining is
1,500,000 birr and which is to be borrowed from a bank at interest rate of 10%
and to be paid back in 20years, do you think that the lining will be economically
justified?