Factors to be considered in selecting  Audience size: the targeted audience

communication channel: must always be considered, because

communication is ineffective if it is not
 Speed ( Degree of urgency): if the received and correctly understood by
message is urgent and is to be sent intended recipient.
quickly, depending on the distance and
the kind of response required, the Flow of communication
following media may be used: Communication in an organisation can
Telephone flow in three major directions:
Fax Upward communication is the
Telegram transmission of information from
Television subordinates to their
E-mail supervisors.
 Genre: the kind of conversation and
highly intricate expression that is
appropriate for the occasion as it
related to the cultures of particular
communities and activities, e.g. music,
drama, novel,web,posting,art.
 Privacy (Level of confidentiality): if the
matter to be sent is confidential in
nature and is not to be overheard or
seen by unauthorized persons. Downward communication is
 Location and distance: if the persons to the flow of information from
be reached are inside or outside the supervisors to subordinates.
organization, or if they are at the same Upward and downward
or different places, or if they are near or communication are sometimes
far away, the following media may be called vertical communication.
used:
Telephone
Pager
Radio ( walkie- talkie)
Teleconference.
 Cost, efficiency and effectiveness: cost
is the price that must be paid for good
or service. Effectiveness is the ability to Horizontal ( lateral)
achieve the intended purpose, whereas communication is the movement
efficiency is the ability to do a task of information among persons
without wastage of time, effort or who are at the same level in the
resources. organisation.

The grapevine is informal
spoken communication that
exists throughout an
organisation.
Communication climate
An open communication climate
is one that encourages the free
exchange of ideas and
information. On the other hand ,
a closed communication climate
restricts the free exchange of
information and promotes
secrecy.
Communication may be internal
or external.
Internal communication occurs
within the organisation:
Between managers and
employees.
Among employees
Among managers.
If internal communication is not
effective it can lead to conflict
and confusion. Employees can
become resentful, frustrated or
unsure of exactly what is
required. Managers will be
unable to get the information
necessary to successfully direct
the activities of the organisation.
The business will suffer as
productivity will decline.
External communication occurs:
Between the business and its
customers
Between the business and its
suppliers.
Between the business and
governmental or regulatory
agencies.
Between the business and its
distributors.
Poor external communication
results in a negative public
image, decreased business
activity and loss of profits.
Customers may take their
business elsewhere. Suppliers
might be late with their
deliveries or fail to deliver
entirely. The organisation can
run into legal problems because
of its failure to obey regulations,
such as the prompt payment of
taxes, employees’ social security
contributions and so on.