28 Plant Growth and Development

21 Auxin was first isolated from human urine.

Rapi Revision
22 NAA and 2, 4-D synthetic auxins. Whereas IAA and lBA are natural auxins.
are

23. In most higher plants, the growing apical bud inhibits the
growth of the lateral buds, a phenomenon
dominance. non callad
called apical
.

24 Auxin is responsible for apical dominance, abscission of older

plant parts, induction of parthenocarpy and
xylem differentiation and cell division. co..
trols
25. 2.4-D is widely used to kill
dicotyledonous weeds but does not affect mature monocotyledonous
plants
26. GA, was one of the first gibberellins to be discovered and remains the most
intensively studied form,
27. Gibberellins cause fruits
like apple to elongate and improve its
shape, speed up the malting process in
industry and promotes bolting in beet, cabbages and many plants with rosette habit. brewina
wing
28 Cytokinins have specific effects on cytokinesis, and were discovered as kinetin from the autoclaved
sperm DNA. herrina
29 Cytokinins help overcome the apical dominance, induces cell
division, delay leaf senescence and
produce new leaves as well as chloroplasts in leaves. help to

30 Influence of ethylene on the plants includes horizontal growth of seedlings, swelling of the axis and
formation in dicot seedlings. apical hook
31 Ethylene promotes senescence and abscission of plant organs especially of
leaves and flowers.
32 The rise in rate of respiration during ripening of fruits is called as respiratory climactic.
33 Ethylene regulates many physiological processes so it is the one of the most widely used PGR in
agriculture
34 The most widely used compound as source of ethylene is ethephon.
35 Ethephon hastens fruit ripening in tomatoes and
apples and accelerates abscission in flowers and fruits.
36. ABA is general plant growth inhibitor and an inhibitor of plant metabolism.
37. ABA stimulates the closure of stomata in the
epidermis and increase the tolerance of plants to various kinds of
stresses, therefore it is also called the stress hormone.

38 ABA helps seeds to withstand desiccation and other factors unfavorable for
growth. In most situations, it acts as
an antagonist to GAs.

39 The response of plants to periods of day/night is termed as photoperiodism.

40 The sites of perception of light/dark duration the leaves in
plants.
are
41 The hormonal substance
migrates from leaves to shoot apices for inducing flowering only when the plants are
exposed to the necessary inductive photoperiod.
2 here are plants for which flowering is either
quantitatively or qualitatively dependent on exposure to low temperature.
This phenomenon is termed as vernalisation.

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