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Date: 25/01/2011
Topic:
Identification of different fibers by
microscopically & chemical test
test.
Submitted to:
Umera Islam
Lecturer of B.S.T.E.
City University
Submitted by
SL NO NAME ID
01 Faysal Islam 09322015
09322015
02 Shahriar Al
Al--Sehab 09322131
03 Mohammad Sajib 09322079
04 Sumon Miah 09322121
Types of test
Non-
Non-technical Technical Test
Our topic is Microscopic test & chemical test of various fibers. But before this we should know the
classification of test, because “A LITTLE LEARNING IS A DENGEROUS THING”.
Full information of anything can increase quality of a work. For this we are trying to focus on Technical
test broadly Which is consist of microscopic test chemical test. It’s impossible to recognize with certainty
every fiber by chemical means alone .the microscope alone will do this, but a combination of chemical
and microscopical methods usually removes all doubt .An additionally advantage of microscopical
testing is the fact that very small samples may be used and that the samples are not destroyed .
There are certain technical tests performed for identifying various fibers. These tests require high
technology laboratory equipment and are much more reliable than the non technical fiber tests.
Technical’s tests require high skilled person know how to handle chemicals and their accurate analysis.
These tests are very valuable for those fabrics that are a blend of different yarns and also have certain
special properties.
The test identifies the natural fibers more easily as compared to manmade ones.
Synthetic fibers are very similar in appearance and the increase in the number of varieties, make
s it a little tough to distinguish the fibers even under a microscope.
COTTON:
It is a single elongated
cell. Under the
microscope, it resembles
a collapsed spirally
twisted tube with a rough
surface. The thin cell wall
of the fiber has 200 to
400 convolutions per
inch.
LINEN:
Wool
Silk
It appears somewhat elliptical
and triangular in cross section
when we see under the
microscope.
It is composed of fibroin,
consisting of two filaments,
called brin which is held
together by sericin.
Rayon
Acetate
Nylon
Polyesters
Spandex
Glass
CHEMICAL TESTS
Chemical tests are another technical means of identifying fibers. But chemical tests are not intended for
the general consumers. Different types of chemical tests are undertaken to establish the identity of the
fibers used. These tests give accurate and precise analysis. The tests are conducted in research
laboratories.
CHEMICAL TEST
Stain Test:
Also known as the Double Barrel Fiber Identification (DBFI), the test is based on the theory that each fiber
has its own distinct two- color reaction when treated with stain. A fiber will turn to a particular color in the
presence of dilute acetic acid and to some other specific color when stained in the presence of a mild
alkali.
Solvent Test:
The test involves treating the fibers in certain solvents for identifying them. The technical test is becoming
difficult to conduct as most of the manufactured fibers and their blends are chemically similar. There is no
individual chemical or solvent test for separating or identifying the fibers in combinations.
Some tests
Advantages:
Limitations
Certain manufacturing and finishing processes like mercerizing, affects the appearance of the
fibers under the microscope.
Very dark colored fabrics cannot be identified under Microscope.
Dye stuffs must be removed from fabrics.
Soda Caustic Sodium Hydro Nitric Nitric Sulphur Sulphur Burning in Microsc remarks
ash soda hypoch c asid asid ic acid ic acid flame Opic view
Fiber 40% 25% oloride Holori 15% 70% 15% 70%
test soln soln c
acid
40%
viscos swells Swells Gets Turns Dissolv Dissolve Dissolves Dissolv Burns Longit Soft
& weeken Yello es s es contin udinal filament
shines d w On quickly uously Irregu Good
heating leaving lar lines lusture
gray ash of
burning
paper
smell
Silk Loss Dissolv Dissolv Dissolve Dissolv self Densed Coating
strengt es es ------- ------- s -------- es extinguishi centre delicate
h Slowly Partially Line luster
ng uneven filament
leaves
crushable
black beads
Wool Do Do Dissolv ------- ------- Dissolve ------- ------- self Scales Rough
es s extinguishi Structure crimpy
Slowly fibre
ng
leaves
crushable
black beads
fish
polyest ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Dissolve Transpare Dissolv Transluce Resistant
er s nt hard es Burns nt of
Slowly beads Slowly &stop uniform chemical
Prolonge leveling
d semi
treatme
nt
Acrylic ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Loss ------- Turns Dissolves Burn stop Transluce
Strength yellow &turn of flame nt
& brown yellowish leveling uniform
Dissolve brown dark lofty &
s beads more
Slowly volumino
us
Nylon ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Loss ------- Dissolv Burn stop Transluce Strong
Strength es of flame nt more
Slowly leveling uniform elastic
dark beads