Push Back - Training

Training Letter
Push Back
English Version
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© 2010 Lufthansa Technik AG. All rights reserved.
Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Author: Sven Krieger ZK63 © 2010 Lufthansa Technik AG –Confidential and proprietary Basic Issue
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Training Letter
What happens in a push-back procedure

"Push-back" means pushing the aircraft backwards from the parking position
to the taxiing point. The procedure needs a push-back vehicle (also called a
"towing vehicle", "tug" or "tractor") with a driver, plus another person (the
"headset-operator") who coordinates the procedure.
This document describes the basic work steps of the push-back procedure
using a tow-bar. It does not take account of the operators' procedures and
the special equipment which is needed for particular aircraft types. You will
learn about these special requirements during the practical training as a
headset-operator.
The following work steps are necessary before you, the headset-operator,
can give the push-back vehicle driver the "clear" signal to start the push-
back.

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Training Letter
Work steps in the push-back procedure
Make sure that the safety on the

steering pin functions correctly.
Install the steering pin in the

correct position on the nose
gear.
(The picture shows an Airbus
aircraft as an example.)

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Training Letter
Work steps in the push-back procedure (continued)
Do a check of the shear pins on the

tow-bar. Make sure that they are not
damaged or broken.
shear pins
Put the tow-bar in the correct

position at the aircraft (aligned with
the nose gear). Install the safety pin
to lock the tow-bar.

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Training Letter
Connect the tow-bar to the push-

back vehicle. Make sure that it is
locked.
unlocked
locked
Operate the pump to raise the

support wheels on the tow-bar.

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Training Letter
Walk around the aircraft. Make sure that:
• there is no visible damage to the fuselage or wings;

• the area behind the aircraft is clear of all equipment and other obstructions;
• all service access flaps, cargo doors and passenger doors are correctly
closed and not damaged;
• there are no objects in the engine inlets;
• if any landing gear (safety) pins were installed, they are now removed.
Communication with the cockpit
When all of the above work steps are done, you communicate with the cockpit
about push-back clearance. To do this, connect the interphone to the aircraft.
Establish communication with

the cockpit crew.

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Training Letter
Communication with the cockpit (continued)
WARNING: If the interphone connection is interrupted for any reason during

the push-back procedure, continue communication with the cockpit crew
using hand signals. Refer to the Job Cards in the appendix of this document.
Use the following phrases to communicate with the cockpit:
Cockpit Ground
“Ground from Cockpit“ “Go ahead“
“Confirm steering pin inserted“ “Steering pin inserted“
Only if parking brake is set: Mandatory in any case:

“May I release brakes?“ “Release brakes”
“Brakes released“ ---------------------
“Ready for push-back“ “Pushing back“

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Training Letter
Work steps in the push-back procedure
Give instructions to remove the

chocks.
Then, as headset-operator, give

the push-back vehicle driver the
signal to start the push-back
(thumb raised).
The push-back starts. Walk

alongside the push-back vehicle
and aircraft.
NOTE: Always walk inside the turning circle of the push-back vehicle and aircraft.
Use the full length of the headset cable.

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Training Letter
Safety instructions during walk-out assistance
When the aircraft and push-back vehicle are turning, there is a danger that you
will come too close to the engine inlet suction zone (position A).
To avoid this, when the aircraft and push-back vehicle are turning you should
slowly fall back (i.e. make your walking speed slower than the speed of the
push-back vehicle). As you do this, move parallel to the path of the push-back
vehicle (position B).
When you do this, it is important to pay attention at all times to the movements
of the push-back vehicle, because the driver cannot see you in this position.

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Training Letter
Check that everything is clear behind the engines. Then you can give the signal
for “engine start”.
Cockpit Ground
“Ready for engine start“ “All engines clear“
When the aircraft has reached the

taxiing point, the push-back
vehicle driver gives you the signal
that push-back is completed
(thumb raised).

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Training Letter
Now tell the cockpit crew that the push-back is completed, and ask them to
set the parking brake.
Cockpit Ground
-------------- “Set parking brake“
“Parking brake set“ --------------
“Remove towing system and

steering pin“
Uncouple the tow-bar.
Lower the wheels on the tow-bar

and operate the pump.

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Training Letter
Release the tow-bar from the

push-back vehicle.
The driver reverses the push-

back vehicle away from the tow-
bar.
Release the tow-bar from the

aircraft.
The push-back vehicle driver

takes the tow-bar and leaves the
taxiway with the push-back
vehicle.

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Training Letter
Remove the steering pin.
WARNING: The wheels move

into the neutral position!
Cockpit Ground
-------------- “Towing system and steering pin
removed“
“Give hand signal” “Wait for hand signal on left hand
(right hand) side”
First go out of the danger area.

Stay in visual contact with the
cockpit crew.
Then give the "all clear" signal.

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Training Letter

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

What happens in a push-back procedure

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Work steps in the push-back procedure

Make sure that the safety on the

Install the steering pin in the

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Work steps in the push-back procedure (continued)

Do a check of the shear pins on the

Put the tow-bar in the correct

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Work steps in the push-back procedure (continued)

Connect the tow-bar to the push-

Operate the pump to raise the

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Work steps in the push-back procedure (continued)

Walk around the aircraft. Make sure that:

• there is no visible damage to the fuselage or wings;

Communication with the cockpit

Establish communication with

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Communication with the cockpit (continued)

WARNING: If the interphone connection is interrupted for any reason during

Use the following phrases to communicate with the cockpit:

“Confirm steering pin inserted“ “Steering pin inserted“

Only if parking brake is set: Mandatory in any case:

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Work steps in the push-back procedure

Give instructions to remove the

Then, as headset-operator, give

The push-back starts. Walk

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Safety instructions during walk-out assistance

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

When the aircraft has reached the

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

“Parking brake set“ --------------

“Remove towing system and

Uncouple the tow-bar.

Lower the wheels on the tow-bar

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Release the tow-bar from the

The driver reverses the push-

Release the tow-bar from the

The push-back vehicle driver

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Remove the steering pin.

WARNING: The wheels move

First go out of the danger area.

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

Push-Back – Training Letter For training purposes only! 01 AUG 2010

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