Let’s Do This:

Module 1: Discussion Questions

Directions: Read the following questions carefully.

For offline submission, place your answers on a
separate sheet of paper (yellow paper or bond paper)
and send it thru mail or trusted offline courier. For
online submission, submit your answers thru
dedicated social media channels and text messaging.
Deadline for activity submission is on the 4th week of
August.

A. How is a hypothesis like a road map for researchers?

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B. How does following the research plan contribute to the conduct of research?
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C. Does the complexity of a topic matter in research? Why or why not?
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Hypothesis, a preliminary assumption or tentative explanation that accounts for a set of facts,
taken to be true for the purpose of investigation and testing; a theory.

The Scientific Method is a systematic approach to research. The philosophy of this empiricist
approach is described in Western Philosophy: Pragmatism. Various methods of obtaining data
are used; see Research Techniques for examples.

Hypothesis formation is discussed in Psychology: Methods of Research.

Falsifiability is the most important feature of hypothesis testing. Methods of testing (falsifying)
hypotheses include Dialectic, Logic, Probability, and Statistics.

Some famous hypotheses:

• in astronomy and cosmology: the Big Bang Theory, the Steady-State Theory, and the
Copernican System
• in the life sciences: the theory of Natural Selection, Conditioning, and Behaviorism
• in earth sciences: Continental Drift, the asteroid theory of Dinosaur Extinction, and the rival
theories of Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

Topic: Factors Affecting the Reading Comprehension Skills of Learners in the Philippines

Related Literature
According to the PISA 2018 profile of the Philippines, socio-economic status accounts
for 18% of the variance in reading performance in the country, compared to the OECD
average of 12%.

The country has the largest percentage of low performers in reading among socio-
economically disadvantaged students.

The profile noted that average class sizes of 15-year-old students in the Philippines are
the largest, and the ratio of students to teaching staff in socio-economically
disadvantaged schools is the highest.

The Philippines also had the highest percentage of students reporting being bullied at
least a few times a month.