UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER DR D’ARCY

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EN 2040 MEDIEVAL LITERATURE 2 YEAR

Sir Gawain and the

Green Knight
TEXTS

I
n addition to the extracts from Sir Gawain and the Green Knight found in Middle English
Literature, ed. and rev. C. W. Dunn and E. T. Byrnes (New York and London, 1990), pp.
376-459, students are encouraged to consult the text and notes in Pearl, Cleanness, Patience,
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, ed. J. J. Anderson (London, 1996. See also Sir Gawain
and the Green Knight, ed. J. R. R. Tolkien and E. V. Gordon, 2nd rev. ed., N. Davis (Oxford,
1967); Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, ed. and trans. W. R. J. Barron (Manchester, 1974);
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A New Critical Edition, ed. T. Silverstein (Chicago and
London, 1984).

STUDIES AND ESSAY COLLECTIONS

Students are encouraged to consult some of the following works:

Arthur, R. G. Medieval Sign Theory and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Toronto, 1987).
Anderson, J. J. Language and Imagination in the Gawain-Poems (Manchester, 2005).
Barron, W. R. J. ‘Trawthe’ and Treason: The Sin of Gawain Reconsidered. A Thematic
Study of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Manchester, 1980).
Benson, L. D. Art and Tradition in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (New Brunswick, NJ,
1965).
Blanch, R. J. (ed.). Sir Gawain and Pearl: Critical Essays (Bloomington, 1966).
Blanch, R. J. and Wasserman, J. N. From Pearl to Gawain: Form to Fynisment (Gainesville,
FA, 1994).
Borroff, M. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Stylistic and Metrical Study (New Haven
and London, 1962).
Brewer, D. and Gibson, J. (eds). A Companion to the Gawain-Poet (Woodbridge, 1997).
Brewer, L. E. From Cuchulainn to Gawain: Sources and Analogues of Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight (Cambridge, 1973).
Brewer, L. E. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Sources and Analogues, 2nd ed.
(Cambridge, 1992).
Burrow, J. A. Ricardian Poetry: Chaucer, Gower, Langland and the Gawain-Poet (London,
1965).
Burrow, J. A. A Reading of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (London, 1965), repr. London,
1977.
Clein, W. Concepts of Chivalry in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Norman, OK, 1987).
Davenport, W. A. The Art of the Gawain-Poet (London, 1978).

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Howard, D. R. and Zacher, C. (eds). Critical Studies of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
(Notre Dame, 1968).
Nicholls, J. W. The Matter of Courtesy: Medieval Courtesy Books and the Gawain-Poet
(Cambridge, 1985).
Putter, A. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and French Arthurian Romance (Oxford, 1995).
Putter, A. An Introduction to the ‘Gawain’-Poet (London, 1996).
Spearing, A. C. The Gawain Poet: A Critical Study (Cambridge, 1970).

ARTICLES

Ackerman, R. W. ‘Gawain’s Shield: Penitential Doctrine in Gawain and the

Green Knight’, Anglia 76 (1956), 254-65.
Aers, D. ‘In Arthurus Day-Community, Virtue, and Individual Identity in Sir
Gawain and the Green Knight’, in Community, Gender, and Individual
Identity: English Writing 1360-1430 (London, 1988), pp.153-178.
Aertsen, H. ‘Game and Earnest in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’, in
Companion to Middle English Romance, ed. Henk Aertsen and Alasdair A.
MacDonald (Amsterdam, 1990), pp. 83-100.
Allen, V. ‘Sir Gawain: Cowardyse and the Fourth Pentad’, Review of English
Studies ns 43 (1992), 181-93.
Amodio, M. C. ‘Tradition, Modernity, and the Emergence of the Self in Sir
Gawain and the Green Knight’, Assays: Critical Approaches to Medieval
and Renaissance Texts 8 (1995), 47-68.
Anderson, J. J. ‘The Three Judgements and the Ethos of Chivalry in Sir
Gawain and the Green Knight’, Chaucer Review 24 (1990), 337-55.
Anderson, J. J. ‘Gawain and the Hornbook.’ Notes and Queries 235 (1990),
160-163.
Anderson, J. J. ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, 1008-1009’, Notes and
Queries 239 (1994), 443.
Andrew, M. ‘The Fall of Troy in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Troilus
and Criseyde’, The European Tragedy of Troilus, ed. P. Boitani (Oxford,
1989), pp. 75-93.

Arthur, Ross G. ‘Gawain's Shield as Signum.’ Text and Matter: New Critical
Perspectives of the Pearl Poet. Eds. J. Blanch Robert, Miriam Youngerman
Miller and Julian N. Wasserman. Troy, NY, 1991. 221-26.
Ashley, Kathleen M. ‘Bonding and Signification in Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight.’ Text and Matter: New Critical Perspectives of the Pearl Poet. Eds.
Robert J. Blanch, Miriam Youngerman Miller and Julian N. Wasserman. Troy,
NY: Whitson, 1991. 213-20.
Ashley, Kathleen M. ‘'Trawth' and Temporality: The Violations of Contracts
and Conventions in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Assays: Critical

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Approaches to Medieval and Renaissance Texts 4 (1987): 3-24.

Astell, Ann W. ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Study in the Rhetoric of
Romance.’ Journal of English and Germanic Philology 84.2 (1985): 188-202
Barron, W.R.J. ‘Chretien and the Gawain-Poet: Master and Pupil or Twin
Temperaments?’ The Legacy of Chretien de Troyes. Eds. Norris J. Lacy,
Douglas Kelly and Keith Busby. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1988. 255-284.
Batt, Catherine. ‘Gawain's Antifeminist Rant, the Pentangle, and Narrative
Space.’ Yearbook of English Studies 22 (1992): 117-39.
Baughan, D. E. ‘The Role of Morgan le Fay in Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight’, English
Literary History 17 (1950), 241-51.
Benson, C. David. ‘The Lost Honor of Sir Gawain.’ De Gustibus: Essays for
Alan Renoir. Eds. John Miles Foley, Chris J. Womack and Whitney A. Womak.
New York: Garland, 1992. 30-39.
Besserman, Lawrence. ‘The Idea of the Green Knight.’ ELH 53.2 (1986): 219-
239.
Bishop, Ian. ‘Time and Tempo in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’
Neophilologus 69.4 (1985): 611-619.
Blanch, Robert J. ‘The Name and Fame of Gawain in Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight.’ Studia Neophilologica: A Journal of Germanic and Romance
Languages and Literature 64.2 (1992): 141-147
Blanch, Robert J., and Julian N. Wasserman. ‘To 'Ouertake Your Wylle':
Volition and Obligation in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Neophilologus
70.1 (1986): 119-129.Blanch, Robert J. ‘The Name and Fame of Gawain in Sir
Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Studia Neophilologica: A Journal of Germanic
and Romance Languages and Literature 64.2 (1992): 141-147
Blanch, Robert J., and Julian N. Wasserman. ‘To 'Ouertake Your Wylle':
Volition and Obligation in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Neophilologus
70.1 (1986): 119-129.
Blenkner, L. ‘Sin, Psychology, and the Structure of Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight’,
Studies in Philology 74 (1977), 354-87.
Bloomfield, M. W. ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: An Appraisal’,
Publications of the
Modern Language Association 76 (1961), 7-19, repr. in Critical Studies of
Sir Gawain
and the Green Knight, ed. D. R. Howard and C. Zacher (Notre Dame, 1968),
pp. 24-55.
Bollard, John K. ‘Sovereignty and the Loathly Lady in English, Welsh and
Irish.’ Leeds Studies in English 17 (1986): 41-59.
Borroff, Marie. ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: The Passing of Judgment.’
The Passing of Arthur: New Essays in Arthurian Tradition. Eds. Christopher

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Baswell and William Sharpe. New York: Garland,1988. 105-128.

Boyd, David L. ‘Sodomy, Misogyny, and Displacement: Occluding Queer
Desire in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Arthuriana 8.2 (1998): 77-113.
Bragg, Lois. ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and the Elusion of Clarity.’
Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin de la Societe Neophilologique Bulletin
of the Modern Language Society 86.4 (1985): 482-488.
Brandsen, T. ‘Sir Gawain and the Carl of Carlisle.’ Neophilologus: An
International Journal of Modern and Mediaeval Language and Literature 81.1
(1997): 299-307.
Breeze, Andrew. ‘Gryngolet, The Name of Sir Gawain's Horse.’ English
Studies 81.2 (2000): 100-101.
Breeze, Andrew. ‘The Gawain-Poet and Toulouse.’ Notes and Queries 43
(241): 3 (1996): 266-268.
Burrow, J. A. ‘ ‘Cupiditas’ in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’, Review of
English Studies n.s. 15 (1964), 56.
Campbell, Kim Sydow. ‘A Lesson in Polite Compliance: Gawain's
Conversational Strategies in Fitt 3 of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ The
Language Quarterly 28.1-2 (1990): 53-62.
Carmichael, Virginia. ‘Green Is for Growth: Sir Gawain's Disjunctive
Neurosis.’ Assays: Critical Approaches to Medieval and Renaissance Texts 4
(1987): 25-38.
Carruthers, L. ‘The Duke of Clarence and the Earls of March: Garter Knights
and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’, Medium Ævum 70 (2001), 66-79.
Champion, L. S. ‘Grace versus Merit in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’,
Modern Language Quarterly 28 (1967), 413-25.
Cherewatuk, Karen. ‘Echoes of the Knighting Ceremony in Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight.’ Neophilologus 77.1 (1993): 135-47.
Chickering, Howell. ‘Stanzaic Closure and Linkage in Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight.’ Chaucer Review: A Journal of Medieval Studies and Literary
Criticism 32.1 (1997): 1-31.
Christopher, Joe R. ‘The Lady's Offer of the Red-Gold Ring.’ Mythprint 29
Aug. 1992: 5-6, 10.
Cigman, Gloria. ‘The Medieval Self as Anti-Hero.’ Heroes and Heroines in
Medieval English Literature. Ed. Leo Carruthers. Cambridge, England: Brewer,
1994. 161-170.
Cigman, Gloria. ‘The Seasons in Late Medieval Literature: Mutability and
Metaphors of Good and Evil.’ Etudes Anglaises 51.2 (1998): 131-142.
Clark, S. L., and Julian N. Wasserman. ‘The Passing of the Seasons and the
Apocalyptic in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ South Central Review: The
Journal of the South Central Modern Language Association 3.1 (1986): 5-22.
Clopper, Lawrence M. ‘The God of the Gawain-Poet.’ Modern Philology: A
Journal Devoted to Research in Medieval and Modern Literature 94.1 (1996):

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1-18.
Clopper, Lawrence M. ‘The God of the Gawain-Poet.’ Modern Philology: A
Journal Devoted to Research in Medieval and Modern Literature 94.1 (1996):
1-18.
Clough, Andrea. ‘The French Element in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight with
Special Reference to the Description of Bertilak's Castle in II. 785-810.’
Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin de la Societe Neophilologique Bulletin
of the Modern Language Society 86.2 (1985): 187-196.
Clough, Andrea. ‘The French Element in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight with
Special Reference to the Description of Bertilak's Castle in II. 785-810.’
Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin de la Societe Neophilologique Bulletin
of the Modern Language Society 86.2 (1985): 187-196.
Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. ‘Decapitation and Coming of Age: Constructing
Masculinity and the Monstrous.’ The Arthurian Yearbook, III. Ed. Keith Busby.
New York: Garland, 1993. 173-92.
Cooke, Jessica. ‘The Lady's 'Blushing' Ring in Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight.’ Review of English Studies: A Quarterly Journal of English Literature
and the English Language 49.193 (1998): 1-8.
Cooke, W. G. ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Restored Dating’, Medium
Ævum 58
(1989), 34-48.
Cooke, W. G. and D’A. J. D. Boulton. ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A
Poem for
Henry of Grosmont?’, Medium Ævum 68 (1999), 42-54.
Craymer, Suzanne. ‘Signifying Chivalric Identities: Armor and Clothing in Sir
Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Medieval Perspectives 14 (1999): 50-60.
Cronan, Dennis. ‘Alliterative Rank in Old English Poetry.’ Studia
Neophilologica: A Journal of Germanic and Romance Languages and
Literature 58.2 (1986): 145-158.
Cuda, Margaret Curtis. ‘The Name of the Green Knight: Bernlak.’
Neuphilologische Mitteilungen: Bulletin de la Societe Neophilologique Bulletin
of the Modern Language Society 88.3 (1987): 268-285.
Davis, N. M. ‘Gawain’s Rationalist Pentangle’, in Arthurian Literature XII, ed.
J. P. Carley
and F. Riddy (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 37-61.
Davis, N.M. ‘Gawain's Rationalist Pentangle.’ Arthurian Literature, XII. Eds.
James P. Carley and Felicity Riddy. Cambridge, England: D.S. Brewer, 1993.
37-61.
De Roo, Harvey. ‘Undressing Lady Bertilak: Guilt and Denial in Sir Gawain
and the Green Knight.’ Chaucer Review: A Journal of Medieval Studies and
Literary Criticism 27.3 (1993): 305-24.
De Roo, Harvey. ‘What's in a Name? Power Dynamics in Sir Gawain and the

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Green Knight.’ Chaucer Review: A Journal of Medieval Studies and Literary

Criticism 31.3 (1997): 232-55.
Dinshaw, Carolyn. ‘A Kiss Is Just a Kiss: Heterosexuality and Its Consolations
in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Diacritics: A Review of Contemporary
Criticism 24.2-3 (1994): 205-26.
Dinshaw, Carolyn. ‘Getting Medieval: Pulp Fiction, Gawain, Foucault.’ The
Book and the Body. Eds. Dolores Warwick Frese and Katherine O. Brien
O'Keeffe. Notre Dame, IN: U of Notre Dame P, 1997. 116-63.
Dor, Juliette. ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Time and Times.’ Loyal
Letters: Studies on Mediaeval Alliterative Poetry & Prose. Ed. L. A. J. R.
Houwen. Groningen, Netherlands: Forsten, 1994. 207-21.
Douglass, Rebecca M. ‘Missed Masses: Absence and the Function of the
Liturgical Year in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Quondam et Futurus: A
Journal of Arthurian Interpretations 2.2 (1992): 20-27.
Eadie, J. ‘A New Source for the Green Knight.’ Neuphilologische Mitteilungen:
Bulletin de la Societe Neophilologique Bulletin of the Modern Language
Society 87.4 (1986): 569-577.
Edgeworth, Robert J. ‘Anatomical Geography in Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight.’ Neophilologus 69.2 (1985): 318-319.
eeth, Charles R. ‘Gawain's Judgment Day.’ Arthuriana 4.2 (1994): 175-83.
Elliott, Ralph W.V. ‘Holes and Caves in the ‘Gawain’ Country.’
Lexicographical and Linguistic Studies. Essays in honour of G.W. Turner. Eds.
T.L. Burton and Jill Burton. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell & Brewer, 1988. 13-
18.
Farley Hills, David. ‘'Largesse' in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Notes and
Queries 43 (241):2 (1996): 136-38.
Farley-Hills, D. ‘Gawain’s Fault in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’, Review
of English
Studies n.s. 14 (1964), 124-31, repr. in Critical Studies of Sir Gawain and
the Green
Knight, ed. D. R. Howard and C. Zacher (Notre Dame, 1968), pp. 311-24.
Farrell, Thomas J. ‘Life and Art, Chivalry and Geometry in Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight.’ Arthurian Interpretations 2.2 (1988): 17-33.Fein, Susanna G.
‘The Goulish and the Ghastly: A Moral Aesthetic in Middle English Alliterative
Verse.’ Modern Language Quarterly 48 (1987): 3-19.
Fast, Frances. ‘Poet and Dreamer in Pearl: 'Hys Ryche to Wynne'.’ English
Studies in Canada 18.4 (1992): 371-82.
Fein, Susanna Greer. ‘Twelve-line Stanza Forms in Middle English and the
Date of Pearl.’ Speculum: A Journal of Medieval Studies 72.2 (1997): 367-
398.Dove, M. ‘Gawain and the Blasme des Femmes Tradition’, Medium Ævum
46 (1972), 20-6.
Field, Rosalind. ‘The Heavenly Jerusalem in Pearl.’ The Modern Language

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Review 81.1 (1986): 7-17.

Finlayson, John. ‘Sir Gawain, Knight of the Queen, in Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight.’ English Language Notes 27.1 (1989): 7-13.
Finley, C. Stephen. ‘'Endeles Knot': Closure and Indeterminacy in Sir Gawain
and the Green Knight.’ Papers on Language and Literature: A Journal for
Scholars and Critics of Language and Literature 26.4 (1990): 445-58.
Fisher, Sheila. ‘Leaving Morgan Aside: Women, History, and Revisionism in
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Arthurian Women: A Casebook. Ed. Thelma
S. Fenster. New York, NY: Garland, 1996. 77-95.
Fisher, Sheila. ‘Taken Men and Token Women in Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight.’ Seeking the Woman in Late Medieval and Renaissance Writings:
Essays in Feminist Contextual Criticism. Eds. Sheila Fisher and Janet E. Halley.
Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1989. 71-105.
Flint, Michael. ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Modality in Description.’
Studia Neophilologica: A Journal of Germanic and Romance Languages and
Literature 61.2 (1989): 157 -160.
Folks, Cathalin Buhrmann. ‘Gentle men, lufly and loothly ladies, aghlich
maysters. Characterizations in The Wife of Bath's Tale and Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight.’ Noble and Joyous Histories: English Romances, 1375-1650.
Eds. Eilean Ni Cuilleanain and J.D. Pheifer. Blackrock, Co.Dublin: Irish
Academic Press, 1993. 59-85.
Freed, Eugenie R. ‘'Quy the Pentangel Apendes . . .': The Pentangle in Sir
Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Theoria: A Journal of Studies in the Arts,
Humanities and Social Sciences 77 (1991): 125-41.
Gertz, SunHee Kim. ‘Translatio Studii et Imperii: Sir Gawain as Literary
Critic.’ Semiotica 63 (1987): 185-203. Revised version of ‘The Green Knight
Teaches Gawain How to Read.’
Godfrey, Mary F. ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: The Severed Head and
the Body Politic.’ Assays: Critical Approaches to Medieval and Renaissance
Texts 8 (1995): 69-100.
Goodlad, Lauren M. ‘The Gamnes of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’
Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 18 (1987): 45-58.
Green, R. H. ‘Gawain’s Shield and the Quest for Perfection’, English Literary
History 29
(1962), 121-39, repr. in Sir Gawain and Pearl: Critical Essays, ed. R. J.
Blanch
(Bloomington, 1966), pp. 176-94.
Green, Richard Firth. ‘Gawain's Five Fingers.’ English Language Notes 27.1
(1989): 14-18.
Green, Richard. ‘Sir Gawain and the Sacra Cintola.’ English Studies in Canada
11.1 (1985): 1-11.
Gross, Gregory W. ‘Secret Rules: Sex, Confession, and Truth in Sir Gawain

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and the Green Knight.’ Arthuriana 4.2 (1994): 146-74.

Haines, Victor Yelverton. ‘A Unified Theory of Allegory and Typology: Its
Application to Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Typology and English
Medieval Literature. Ed. Hugh T. Keenan. New York, NY: AMS, 1992. 207-26.
Hanna, R. ‘Unlocking What’s Locked: Gawain’s Green Girdle’, Viator 14
(1983), 289-302.
Harding, Wendy. ‘Sir Gawain and the Green Knight as a Winter's Tale.’ La
Ronde des saisons: Les saisons dans la literature et la societe anglaises au
Moyen Age. Ed. Leo Carruthers. Paris: Presses de l'Universite de Paris-
Sorbonnes, 1998. 69-81.
Hardman, P. ‘Gawain’s Practice of Piety in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’,
Medium
Ævum 68 (1999), 247-67.
Hardman, Phillipa. ‘Gawain's Practice of Piety in Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight.’ Medium Aevum 68.2 (1999): 247-67.
Haruta, Setsuko. ‘The End of an Adventure: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
and Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde.’ Literary Aspects of Courtly Culture. Eds.
Donald Maddox and Sara Sturm Maddox. Rochester, NY: Boydel and Brewer,
1994. 353-60.Foley, M. M. ‘Gawain’s Two Confessions Reconsidered’,
Chaucer Review 9 (1974), 73-9.
Harwood, B. J. ‘Gawain and the Gift’, Publications of the Modern Language
Association of
America 106 (1991), 483-99.
Harwood, Britton J. ‘Gawain and the Gift.’ PMLA: Publications of the Modern
Language Association of America 106.3 (1991): 483-99.
Heng, G. ‘Feminine Knots and the Other: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’,
Publications of
the Modern Language Association of America 106 (1991), 500-14.
Heng, Geraldine. ‘A Woman Wants: The Lady, Gawain, and the Forms of
Seduction.’ The Yale Journal of Criticism: Interpretation in the Humanities 5.3
(1992): 101-34.
Heng, Geraldine. ‘Feminine Knots and the Other Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight.’ PMLA: Publications of the Modern Language Association of America
106.3 (1991): 500-14.
Hieatt, A. K. ‘Sir Gawain: Pentangle, Luf-Lace, Numerical Structure’, Papers
on Language
and Literature 4 (1968), 339-59.
Higgens, Deborah Ann. ‘Tournament Protocol in Fitt I of Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight.’ Medieval Perspectives 14 (1999): 115-24.
Highfield, J. R. L. ‘The Green Squire’, Medium Ævum 22 (1953), 18-23.

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Hills, D. F. ‘Gawain’s Fault in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight’, Review of
English Studies
n.s. 14 (1963), 124-31.
Hinton, Norman D. ‘The Language of the Gawain-Poems.’ Arthurian
Interpretations 2.1 (1987): 83-94.
Hinton, Rebecca. ‘A Note on GGK's Lady Bercilak: Temptress and Asset.’ The
Language Quarterly 28.3-4 (1990): 81-84.
Hirsh, John C. ‘Religious Attitudes and Mystical Language in Medieval
Literary Texts: An Essay in Methodology: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,
Havelok, Lay le Freine.’ Vox Mystica: Essays on Medieval Mysticism. Eds.
Anne Clark Bartlett, et al. Cambridge, MA: D. S. Brewer, 1995. 15-25.
Hodges, Laura F. ‘'Syngne,' 'Conysaunce,' 'Deuys': Three Pentangles in Sir
Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Arthuriana 5.4 (1995): 22-31.
Horgan, A. D. ‘Gawain’s Pure Pentaungel and the Virtue of Faith’, Medium
Ævum 56
(1987), 310-16.
Horgan, A. Dennis. ‘Purity in the Moral Scheme of the Gawain-Group.’
Sentences: Essays Presented to Alan Ward on the Occasion of his Retirement
from Wadham Colleges, Oxford. Ed. D.M. Reeks. Southampton: Bosphorus,
1988. 89-103.
Howard, D. R. ‘Structure and Symmetry in Sir Gawain’, Speculum 39 (1964),
425-33.
Ingham, M. and Barkley, L. ‘Further Animal Parallels in Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight’,
Chaucer Review 13 (1979), 384-6.
Jackson, I. ‘Sir Gawain’s Coat of Arms’, Modern Language Review 15 (1920),
77-9.
Jacobs, N. ‘Gawain’s False Confession’, English Studies 51 (1970), 433-5.
Jonassen, Frederick B. ‘Elements from the Traditional Drama of England in Sir
Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies 17
(1986): 221-254.
Kamps, Ivo. ‘Magic, Women, and Incest: The Real Challenges in Sir Gawain
and the Green Knight.’ Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval and
Renaissance Studies 1.2 (1989): 313-336..
Kinney, Clare R. ‘The (Dis) Embodied Hero and the Signs of Manhood in Sir
Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Medieval Masculinities: Regarding Men in the
Middle Ages. Ed. Clare E. Lees. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1994. 47-57.
Kinney, Clare R. ‘The Best Book of Romance: Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight.’ University of Toronto Quarterly: A Canadian Journal of the
Humanities 59.4 (1990): 457-73.
Kirk, Elizabeth D. ‘'Wel Bycommes Such Craft upon Cristmasse': The Festive
and the Hermeneutic in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’ Arthuriana 4.2

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(1994): 93-137.
Kiteley, J. F. ‘The Endless Knot: Magical Aspects of the Pentangle in Sir
Gawain and
the Green Knight’, Studies in the Literary Imagination 4 (1971), 41-51.
Kitson, P. R. ‘The Name of the Green Knight.’ Neuphilologische Mitteilungen:
Bulletin de la Societe Neophilologique Bulletin of the Modern Language
Society 99.1 (1998): 39-52.
Lass, R. ‘Man’s Heaven: the Symbolism of Gawain’s Shield’, Mediaeval
Studies 28 (1966),
354-60.
Lepow, Lauren. ‘The Contrasted Courts in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’
The Medieval Court in Europe. Ed. Edward E. Haymes. Munich: Fink, 1986.
200-208.
Lindley, Arthur. ‘Lady Bertilak's Cors: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,
1237.’ Notes and Queries 42 (240): 1 (1995): 23-24.
Lindley, Arthur. ‘Pinning Gawain Down: The Misediting of Sir Gawain and the
Green Knight.’ Journal of English and Germanic Philology 96.1 (1997): 26-42.
Lindley, Arthur. ‘'Ther He Watz Dispoyled, with Spechez of Myerthe': Carnival
and the Undoing of Sir Gawain.’ Exemplaria: A Journal of Theory in Medieval
and Renaissance Studies 6.1 (1994): 67-86.
Liuzza, Roy M. ‘Names, Reputation, and History in Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight.’ Essays in Medieval Studies 6 (1989): 41-56.
Longsworth, Robert. ‘Interpretive Laughter in Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight.’ Philological Quarterly 70.2 (1991): 141-47.
Lucas, Peter J. ‘Hautdesert in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.’
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Critical Studies of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, ed. D. R. Howard and C.
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
BACKGROUND READING

Barron, W. R. J. ‘Alliterative Romance and the French Tradition’, in Middle English

Alliterative Poetry and its Literary Background’, ed. D. Lawton (Woodbridge, 1982), 75-
80.
Bennett, M. J. Community, Class and Careerism: Cheshire and Lancashire Society in the
Age of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (Cambridge, 1983).
Elliott, R. W. V. The Gawain Country (Leeds, 1984).


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