Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol
PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND
Quarter : GOVERNANCE
1 Week : 8 Day : 1 Activity No. : 1
Competency: : Analyze the evolution of Philippine politics and governance (No code indicated)
Objective : Differentiate the contribution of American Government to the Philippine
Republic
Topic : American Government in the Philippines (Military, Civil, Commonwealth)
Materials :
Reference : https://www.slideshare.net/jhengrayn/politicaldevelopmentofthephilippine
government
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes:
The Military Government of the Philippines

The American military rule in the Philippines began on April 4, 1898, the day after the capture of Manila. The
existence of was gave the President of the United States the power to establish a Military Government in the Philippines,
as Commander-in-Chief of all Armed Forces of the United States.

His authority was delegated to the military governor who exercised as long as the war lasted, all powers of
government- executive, legislative and judicial. The first American Military Governor was General Wesley Merritt, the
second was General Elwell Otis, and the third and the last was Major General Arthur Mac Arthur.

The Civil Government of the Philippines

Pursuant to the so-called Spooner Amendment (on the appropriation act passed in the US Congress on March 3,
1901) which ended the military regime in the Philippines, the Civil Government was inaugurated in Manila on July 4,
1901.

The Civil Governor whose positions was created on October 29, 1901. The Civil Governor, also exercised
legislative powers. He remained as President of the Philippine Commission, the sole law-making body of the government
from 1901-1907.

From 1907 to 1916, the Philippine Commission acted as the upper house of the legislative branch with the
Philippine Assembly serving as the lower house. With the passage of the Spooner Law in 1916, the two bodies gave way
to the Philippine Legislature. The Philippines was represented in the United States by two Resident Commissioners who
were elected the Philippine Legislature.

Commonwealth Government of the Philippines

The next stage in the political development of the Filipinos was the establishment of the Commonwealth
Governments of the Philippines pursuant to an act of the United States Congress on March 24, 1934, commonly known
was the Tydings-Mc Duffie Law.

Among other things, the law provided for a transition period of ten years during which the Philippine
Commonwealth would operate and at the expiration of said period on July 4, 1946, the independence of the Philippines
would be proclaimed and established.

The new government of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, deemed successor to the Government of the
Philippine Islands, was inaugurated on November 15, 1935, following the first national election under the 1935
Constitution held on September 12, 1935, with Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña, as President and Vice- President
respectively.

Activity: Fill in the necessary information the table below.

Military Government Civil Government Commonwealth Government
 Quarter : 1 Week : 8 Day : 2 Activity No. : 2
Competency: : Analyze the evolution of Philippine politics and governance (No code indicated)
Objective : Distinguish the contribution of Japanese government to the present government
situation
Topic : Japanese Government in the Philippines
Materials :
Reference : https://www.slideshare.net/jhengrayn/politicaldevelopmentofthephilippine
government
Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes:

The Japanese Military Administration

It was established in Manila on January 3, 1942, one day after its occupation. Under a proclamation
issued by the Japanese High Command, the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippines was
declared terminated.

The Philippine Executive Commission

A Civil government known as the Philippine Executive Commission composed of Filipinos with Jorge
Vargas as Chairman, was organized by military forces of occupation. The commission exercised both
executive and legislative powers.
The laws enacted were, however, subject to the approval of the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese
Forces. The Judiciary continued in the same form as it was under the commonwealth. However, it functioned
without the independence which it had traditionally enjoyed.

Japanese-Sponsored Republic
On October 14, 1943, the so-called Japanese sponsored Republic of the Philippines was inaugurated
with Jose P. Laurel as President. It was the same character as the Philippine Executive Commission.
Like the latter, the ultimate source of its authority was the Japanese military authority and government,
on August 17, 1945. President Laurel proclaimed the dissolution of the Republic.

Activity:

1. When was the establishment of Japanese Military Administration in the Philippines?

2. The Philippine Executive Commission was established during the Japanese occupation in which
exercised both executive and legislative powers, what do you mean by executive and legislative
powers?
3. What do you think the greatest contribution of Japanese government to the present government?
Explain.
 Quarter : 1 Week : 8 Day : 3 Activity No. : 3
Competency: : Analyze the evolution of Philippine politics and governance (No code indicated)
Objective : Give details of the contemporary government of the Philippines
Topic : Contemporary Government in the Philippines
Materials :
Reference : https://chicagopcg.dfa.gov.ph/thephilippines history#:~:text=Historians%20believe%20the%20Philippines%20dates%20back%20to
%20the%20Paleolithic%20age.&text=Ferdinan d%20Magellan%20came%20to%20the,cultural%20life%20of%20the%20people.

Copyrights : For classroom use only

Concept Notes:

Contemporary government means the government happens after Japanese regime until the present time.
The Republic of the Philippines was proclaimed on July 4, 1946, with Manuel Roxas as President. Massive
rehabilitation and rebuilding out of the devastation brought about by the war was started. In 1972, Martial
Law was declared by then President Ferdinand Marcos. Political repression and economic deterioration
during the Martial Law Years resulted in the historic "People Power" Revolution of February 25, 1986. This
led to the proclamation of Corazon C. Aquino as President of the Philippines.
President Aquino restored the democratic institutions in the country. A Constitution, ratified on February
2, 1987, provided for a tripartite system: the Executive, the Legislative, and the Judiciary. This was the type
of government before Marcos declared Martial Law and adopted a modified parliamentary government.
Aquino also restored the freedoms of speech, press, and of assembly.
On June 30, 1992, Fidel V. Ramos became the 12th President of the Philippine Republic. President
Ramos, a hero of the 1986 EDSA uprising, anchored his government on twin themes of "people
empowerment" and "global excellence" as the engines of economic growth and social equity.
On the 100th anniversary year of the Proclamation of Philippine Independence, Joseph Ejercito Estrada
became the 13th President of the Philippines.
On 20 January 2001, Gloria MacapagalArroyo, through another popular uprising called "People Power 2",
unseated then President Joseph Ejercito Estrada. The daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal,
President Arroyo's vision of a "Strong Republic" is governed on four pillars: poverty alleviation, good
governance, new politics of party programs and leadership by example.
On June 9, 2010, at the Batasang Pambansa Complex, in Quezon City, the Congress of the Philippines
proclaimed Aquino as the Presidentelect of the Philippines
Davao City mayor Rodrigo Duterte of PDP–Laban won the 2016 presidential election by a landslide,
garnering 39.01% or 16,601,997 of the total votes, becoming the first Mindanaoan to become president.
Duterte initiated the "Build, Build, Build" program in 2017 that aimed to usher the Philippines into a new
"golden age" of infrastructure and was expected to create more jobs and business opportunities, which, in
turn, would sustain the country's economic growth and accelerate poverty reduction.
In 2017, Duterte signed the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act, which provides for free
tuition and exemption from other fees in public universities and colleges for Filipino students, as well as
subsidies for those enrolled in private higher education institutions.

Activity:

1. Make a table or graph which reflects a summary of the different contribution made by the different presidents who governed the Philippines starting from P

President Contribution
Manuel Roxas Massive rehabilitation and rebuilding took place
Ferdinand Marcos

2. In your own idea, whose leadership has the greatest impact to the lives of Filipino people? Wh