Aerospace & Defense Technology 08.2020

www.aerodefensetech.
com August 2020
Improving the Performance of

Millimeter-Wave Systems
Reverse Engineering the Boeing E-3
Sentry's Secondary Flight Controls
The Nuances of Thruster Valve Design
3D Printing Aerodynamic
Improvements
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Aerospace & Defense Technology
Contents
FEATURES ________________________________________ 32 Correlational Analysis of Speech Intelligibility Tests and
Metrics for Speech Transmission
Avionics
34 Use of Mass-Flux Measurement and Vapor-Phase Tomography
4 Reverse Engineering the Boeing E-3 Sentry's Secondary Flight to Quantify Vadose-Zone Source Strength and Distribution
Controls
36 sUAS-Based Payload Development and Testing for Quantifying
Aerospace Alloys Optical Turbulence
12 Vanadium – A Green Metal Critical to Aerospace and Clean 38 Development and Verification of Body Armor Target Geometry
Energy Created Using Computed Tomography Scans
Propulsion Systems
17 Thrust in Space – The Nuances of Thruster Valve Design
DEPARTMENTS ___________________________________
Aerodynamics
41 Application Briefs
20 3D Printing Aerodynamic Improvements
62 New Products
RF & Microwave Technology 64 Advertisers Index
23 Cryogenic-Capable Isolators Improve the Performance of
Millimeter-Wave Systems by Lowering Noise Levels
27 Detection with Quantum Radar ON THE COVER ___________________________________
The US Navy asked Plymouth Rock Technologies to
decrease the size of the large satcom antenna systems
TECH BRIEFS _____________________________________ on aircraft carriers in order to put them higher up onto
the ship’s superstructures. To do this, Plymouth Rock
28 Preliminary Development of an Integrated Mobility, Lethality, needed cryogenic-capable isolators. To learn more,
and Survivability Soldier Performance Testing Platform read the feature article on page 23.
30 Bore Elevation and Azimuth Measurement System (Beams) (Image by Digital Storm/Shutterstock)
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2 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/76506-724 Aerospace & Defense Technology, August 2020

Avionics
Reverse Engineering
the Boeing E-3 Sentry's
Secondary Flight Controls
A
mplify Technical Solutions
was contracted to reverse
engineer and manufacture
a first article assembly of
the secondary flight controls, focus-
ing on the throttle quadrant and con-
sole configuration, for a NATO E-3
AWACS. The finished deliverables
were part of a sophisticated flight
simulator controls system being pro-
duced by Simulation and Control
Technologies for an E-3 AWACS Full
Flight Simulator program. The project
presented challenges due to the vin-
tage and highly evolved state of the
aircraft, which required creative engi-
neering to accurately capture and
replicate the control assemblies.
The Boeing E-3 Sentry has stood the test of time. The E-3 Airborne Early Warning and Control System
The NATO E-3 AWACS has stood the test (AWACS) was first carried aboard militarized 707 commercial aircraft with the first E-3 entering U.S Air
of time. The E-3 Airborne Early Warning Force service in 1977.
4 www.aerodefensetech.com
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Avionics
and Control System simulators, or trainers as they are called,

(AWACS) was first are about as real as it gets, providing a
carried aboard mili- safe learning environment without the
tarized Boeing 707 costs and risks of putting planes in the
commercial aircraft air. Pilots can train on the latest innova-
with the first E-3 en- tions and have capabilities assessed in a
tering U.S Air Force controlled situation, with presentation,
service in 1977. review and playback.
Throughout its The challenge with legacy platforms
history, the AWACS like the 707 is getting ergonomic and
fleet has undergone tactile features and controls of an old
extensive en hance - aircraft into a new trainer. For this proj-
ments, including ect, Government Furnished Equipment
upgrades to radar, (GFE) would typically be provided to
avionic suites, sa- work from, but in this case, there was
tellite communica- not much available – no spare assem-
tions and air traffic blies and the bone yards had been
management. But picked clean.
under it all is still In order to recreate an exact replica of
the old reliable 707 the controls for the current E-3 configu-
built between 1958 ration, our team was given one-time ac-
and 1979. cess for three days to an existing trainer.
With many upgraded E- We were also provided a single, non-
3s still in service, it is im- working throttle quadrant from an ear-
portant to provide compre- lier configuration that could be dis-
hensive pilot training sected, referenced and re-engineered to
based on new standards match current specs. This meant that
and techniques developed literally every component needed to be
over the years, which in- reverse engineered and then re-engi-
Government Furnished Equipment (GFE), non-work-
ing throttle quadrant from an earlier configuration cludes foremost, flight simulator neered using photos, hand measure-
was made available for dissection and reference. training. Today’s modern flight ments, 3D scans, and measurement
software.
Reverse Engineering and Re-

Engineering the Throttle Quadrant
The most complex assembly of the
project was the throttle quadrant con-
taining over 300 components. The en-
tire assembly needed to be reverse engi-
neered, then re-engineered for design
and simulator performance, within
.005" tolerance or better across the en-
tire unit. The redesigned quadrant was
manufactured and given a single part
number to directly replace the GFE part
number referenced within the drawing
package. The production package re-
quirement for the throttle quadrant in-
cluded:
• Detailed CAD model
• Drawing package in Native CAD for-
mat
• Separate parts list in PDF and Excel
format
• Drawings in PDF and DWG (Auto-
CAD)
Original throttle configuration: final was re-engineered to support the current model. • Complete drawing trees
6 www.aerodefensetech.com Aerospace & Defense Technology, August 2020

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Avionics
• Drawing delivery list

• Fabrication and assembly support for
first article assembly
The Reverse Engineering Toolset

Used Across the Project Included:
• Verisurf software for 3D scanning,
touch-probing, and reverse engineering
• Mastercam software for re-engineering
and final CAD modeling
• Creaform HandySCAN Black 3D scanner
• Master3DGage, portable Coordinate
Measuring Machine (CMM)
• Manual measurement instruments for
capturing simple geometry, friction
and lever forces
Point cloud data image from complex profile scan.

Form, Fit and Function Required
When reverse engineering and re-en-
gineering the throttle quadrant, form,
fit and function was required. The
geometry and surface profile of every
part had to be exact. When aviating,
controls are often identified by touch
and feedback. Everything needs to look
right, feel right, and move right.
3D Profile Scan
Using Verisurf software and a Crea-
form HandySCAN Black 3D scanner,
key control elements, including the
throttle quadrant installed in the refer-
ence trainer, were scanned in high-reso-
lution. Verisurf software was then used
to convert captured point cloud data to
a triangular mesh model. From there,
Verisurf software used to measure centricity of the base and to capture mounting surface profile for throt-
individual parts relative to the assembly tle guide plates.
could be isolated, extracted, measured
and modeled to CAD, within the soft-
ware. Reference entities such as points,
lines, and circles, as well as geometric
features including planes, cylinders,
slots, cones, and spheres could be ex-
tracted and applied as individual fea-
tures of reverse engineered parts.
The software’s ability to measure and
compare centricity illustrated variations
up to .030" – which in this project is like
a football field – across the barrel-
shaped base that guides the throttle
levers. Each of the throttle levers also
had unique geometry that had to be
taken into consideration, including the
profile of each throttle guide plate rela-
tive to the curved base. Every nuance of
the controls had to be exact. The form, Verisurf software used to isolate throttle levers and guide plates from the original surface profile scan.
features and functions of the trainer, Note planes and edges highlighted for capture of geometry and conversion to CAD.

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Avionics
was accurately represented in the CAD

model to help alleviate issues between
the reused components and the re-engi-
neered components. Areas that needed
acute attention for design included
where components connect, touch, or
interact during throttle movement.
Forces and positions were accounted
for, including pulley sizes, cable diame-
ters, detents, stops, and connections to
actuators.
A force gauge, calipers, and a digital in-
clinometer were all used to measure and
determine range of movement, mechan-
ical friction and applied forces. Also
noted were special areas and envelopes
that need to be off limits during re-engi-
Throttle levers and sub assembly under development in CAD. Exposed profile of throttle levers was cap- neering. During disassembly, parts that
tured and converted to CAD using Verisurf software. could be used in the re-manufacturing of
the quadrant were identified, including
the original throttle knobs, speed brake,
and flap position levers.
When re-engineering the throttle
quadrant, it was critical that the system
looked and behaved exactly like the
legacy unit. As long as those two criteria
were met, design modifications could
be implemented inside the unit. This
was important as the legacy assembly
was completely mechanical and the re-
engineered assembly would serve as a
mechanical interface to a digitally con-
trolled trainer.
Typically, reverse engineering pro-
cesses are applied to a part or individual
component, removed from an assem-
bled system. This allows the entire
Finished profile of the throttle quadrant reverse engineered using Verisurf software. Captured and defined geometry to be captured using measure-
geometry was exported to Mastercam software for re-engineering and assembly of an intelligent 3D CAD model. ment software and CMMs with touch
probes or non-contact scanners. Using
compared to the actual cockpit, needed now time to get inside the supplied Verisurf software, the process is fast, ac-
to fit like an old glove. legacy throttle quadrant and reverse curate and very comprehensive. Iso-
Each of the captured parts making up engineer its movements. Bear in mind, lated parts are quickly converted from
the overall profile were committed to aircraft controls are not made to come point clouds to intelligent CAD models.
CAD and any design variations added to apart; trainers must have the same in-
comply with the E-3 version the trainer tegrity and durability but must be field Reverse Engineering Software
was meant to emulate. The challenge serviceable and be easily taken apart In the case of the E-3 throttle quad-
now was to make the quadrant move and put back together to minimize rant, the value of the Verisurf software
and feel right while providing input to trainer downtime over the expected took on an increased level of impor-
the actuators interfacing with the simu- 15- to 20-year life cycle. This was a crit- tance, especially given the stated overall
lation software. ical objective for the re-engineering profile tolerances of .005" all around.
process. • The software was able to capture high-
Re-Engineering for Functionality and The throttle quadrant was completely resolution point cloud data and create
Performance disassembled; along the way each com- a watertight mesh model, effectively
Having fully dissected the scan data ponent was measured and documented connecting all the assembled compo-
from the reference trainer and commit- to understand the assembly of the orig- nents and features as they relate to the
ted the visible features to CAD, it was inal GFE. This was to ensure everything overall assembly;

Avionics
Finished throttle quadrant – reverse engineered, re-engineered, and assembled.
• Verisurf software was able to isolate features, extracting

only selected geometry to be converted into intelligent
CAD files;
• After converting scan data to CAD models, Mastercam was
used to assemble all parts into a final CAD assembly file.
A project such as this cannot be done using “just” CAD.
Most CAD systems can handle small scan data files imported
directly into their system as an STL mesh surface and con-
verted to a usable model file. In this case, the scan included
many parts scanned as an assembly, which creates a very com-
plex data set. A CAD system would be able to open this data
file eventually, with enough power, but all the data points
would be converted into a polygon mesh, giving you an ap-
proximation of the surfaces scanned. CAD systems see this
polygon mesh as geometry/surfaces, which bogs the system
down to a crawl and only allows data points to be taken from
exterior/ intersecting mesh points of the polygon. This greatly
reduces the precision of the measurement and anyone who
has done it knows that it can take hours to get very little data
from these files.
Verisurf software can manipulate that same data with ease,
allowing captured features to be accurately extracted and con-
verted to intelligent CAD. Individual points can be com-
pletely isolated from the main scan. Measurements can be
taken, and edges and planes can be referenced, before export-
ing the feature to CAD. This ability of Verisurf software to
break down complex scan data to individual components was
instrumental in reverse engineering the throttle quadrant and
console.
When reverse engineering complex assemblies, it is impor-
tant to have tool options. For some components, hand meas-
uring and 3D modeling is all that is necessary, but in the case
of recreating complex surface profiles and extracting features
to CAD, the right measurement and reverse engineering soft-
ware can be invaluable.
This article was written by David Fleury, President, Amplify
Technical Solutions LLC (Leonardtown, MD). For more informa-
tion, visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-500.
Aerospace & Defense Technology, August 2020 Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/76506-729 11

Vanadium (V), atomic number
23, is the 22d most abundant
element in Earth’s crust.
Vanadium
A Green Metal Critical to
Aerospace and Clean Energy
I
n the 1960s, the world’s leading based alloys that contained the metal minerals, and vanadium deposits are
aerospace engineers at Lockheed’s vanadium. When added to titanium, globally distributed. In general, these
Skunk Works facility faced an ex- vanadium helps to create alloys with minerals comprise four principal de-
traordinarily difficult engineering the best strength-to-weight ratio of any posit types: vanadiferous titanomag-
challenge: how to design a successor to engineered material on earth. netite (VTM), sandstone-hosted vana-
the U-2 spy aircraft, which had proven Half a century later, there remains no dium (SSV), shale-hosted vanadium,
increasingly vulnerable to advanced So- acceptable substitute for vanadium in and vanadate deposits. Additionally,
viet anti-aircraft systems. Among other aerospace titanium alloys. Vanadium- significant amounts of vanadium are
capabilities, the next-generation aircraft containing alloys of titanium and alu- available for commercial use as a
they were to design required an ability minum are deployed in virtually every byproduct of petroleum refining. Pro-
to cruise at a sustained speed of Mach jet aircraft flying today, from jet engine cessing of coal, tar sands, and oil shales
3+, operate at altitudes exceeding components to high-speed airframes. may be important future sources.
80,000 feet, and feature as low a radar The majority of the world’s supply of
cross section as possible. Given the What Is Vanadium and Where is it vanadium (approximately 80 to 85 per-
technologies of the day – slide rules Produced? cent) is derived from mined ore that
were still used by engineers for most cal- A hard, silvery gray, ductile, and mal- comes either directly from deposits or
culations – it was a daunting task. leable transition metal with atomic from steelmaking slags produced by
One of the key hurdles was designing number 23, vanadium (V) is the 22d processing the ores mined from VTM
and machining components of the jet’s most abundant element in Earth’s crust. deposits. The remaining 15 to 20 per-
outer skin such that it could handle It is a major constituent (>10 weight cent of the world’s supply of vanadium
temperatures from aerodynamic friction percent) in more than 150 different comes from (a) spent catalysts that col-
and continuous engine operation as minerals. Several diverse mineral de- lected vanadium during the refining of
high as 1,050 °F. The answer: titanium- posit types contain vanadium-bearing crude oils; (b) residues from the produc-

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Aerospace Alloys
tion of alumina, uranium, and some hy- bium (columbium), manganese, molyb- niobium to give equivalent steel proper-
drocarbons; and (c) ash derived from denum, titanium, and tungsten. Only a ties. Therefore, substitution for vana-
burning high-vanadium-content coal or limited degree of substitution is possible dium is normally not considered for
petroleum. among these metals, however. Replace- short-term changes in market condi-
World vanadium resources in 2012 ment of vanadium with other mineral tions because of the considerable effort
were estimated to be 63 million metric commodities requires significant tech- involved in implementing the change.
tons of vanadium. Reserves were esti- nical adjustments to the steel produc- Non-metallurgical applications of
mated to be 14 million metric tons. The tion process to ensure that product vanadium include catalysts, ceramics,
majority of vanadium supply in 2019 is specifications and quality are not com- electronics, and vanadium chemicals.
from China (61 percent), Russia (14 promised. For example, use of vana- For catalytic uses, platinum and nickel
percent), and South Africa (8 percent) dium generally requires less energy con- can replace vanadium compounds in
(Figure 1). sumption during production than does some chemical processes. Vanadium
Vanadium’s Many Uses

Vanadium is used principally in the
production of metal alloys, and its con-
sumption trends are heavily influenced
by trends in steel production.
Vanadium is used in steel to impart
strength, toughness, and wear resistance.
The formation of vanadium-rich carbides
and nitrides imparts the strength to steel;
the addition of less than 0.1% vanadium
per ton of steel can result in increased
strength of the steel by as much as 50-100
percent. Apart from its strengthening
characteristic, vanadium also inhibits
corrosion and oxidation.
The high-strength, low-alloy (HSLA)
steels containing vanadium are widely
used for the construction of auto parts,
buildings, bridges, cranes, pipelines, rail
cars, ships, and truck bodies, including
armor plating for military vehicles. Such Figure 2. US vanadium facility in Hot Springs, Arkansas
HSLA steels are increasingly being used
in the oil and gas industry to meet de-
mand for pipelines with higher strength Oxide Production
and higher low-temperature toughness.
Vanadium is used in tool steels in var-
ious combinations with chromium, nio-
Vanadium Supply 2019e Decantation
USA
South Africa 3%
8%
Liquid Ion Exchange

Leaching
Others
14% Feed Grinding
Reverse
Osmosis
China
61%
Crystallization
Russia
14% Final
Production
Drying and Calcination

Figure 1. Vanadium Supply by Country (TTP
Squared, Inc.) Figure 3. Hot Springs vanadium oxide production process

Aerospace Alloys
dioxide is used in the production of glass

coatings that block infrared radiation
and in special optical glasses for night vi-
sion. Vanadium also is becoming more
widely used in green technology applica-
tions, especially in battery technology.
Vanadium and Renewable Energy Cathode

Systems Materials for
The emerging need for large-scale elec- Multivalent
Thermochromic Fenestration
tricity storage makes vanadium redox- Batteries
flow batteries (VRBs) a major potential
future use of vanadium. Because of their
large-scale storage capacity, development
of VRBs could prompt increases in the
use of wind, solar, and other renewable,
intermittent power sources. Lithium- External
vanadium-phosphate batteries produce Load
high voltages and high energy-to-weight Logic Circuitry and

5x Coated
ratios, which make them ideal for use in Solar Water

Neuromorphic
electric cars. Splitting
Computing 1μm
VRB systems consist of an assembly of
power cells in which two vanadium-
based electrolytes are separated by a pro- Figure 4. Potential future new applications for vanadium (Source: Texas A&M University)

Aerospace Alloys
ton exchange membrane. The main The Future of vanadium

advantages of the VRBs are (a) their Growth prospects for vanadium
DC Power
nearly unlimited capacity, which is consumption, both in steelmaking
V2+/V3+ VO2+/VO2+
made possible simply by using se-
quentially larger storage tanks; (b)
— + and in high-purity chemical processes,
look very attractive. Global growth in
their ability to be left completely dis- steel production, combined with
charged for long periods of time with growth in the use of high-strength,
no detrimental effects; (c) the ease of low-alloy vanadium steels to replace
Negative Positive
recharging them by replacing the elec- electrode electrode lower strength carbon manganese
trolyte if no power source is available steels will continue to drive growth in
to charge it; and (d) their ability to Pump Pump commodity quality vanadium con-
withstand permanent damage if the sumption. Growing commercial aero-
electrolytes are accidentally mixed. Ion-exchange space and defense demand for tita-
membrane
nium alloys will mean growing use of
The Strategic Nature of Vanadium Diagram of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. (Source Stanford high-purity vanadium in these appli-
Today University) cations.
On May 18, 2018 The Department Looking at newer applications,
of the Interior published a list of 35 High-Purity Vanadium Oxide there is a tremendous potential for vana-
mineral commodities considered criti- Production in the U.S. dium in energy storage applications, both
cal to the economic and national secu- In Hot Springs, Arkansas, U.S. Vana- in front and behind the meter. Other very
rity of the United States. This list will be dium produces the highest-purity vana- interesting potential new uses for vana-
the initial focus of a multi-agency strat- dium oxides and downstream vanadium in the future could include dynam-
egy to implement President Donald J. dium chemicals in the world. The Hot ically switchable thermochromic fenes-
Trump's Executive Order to break Amer- Springs facility recovers vanadium from tration coatings for architectural glass
ica's dependence on foreign minerals. secondary sources such as residues, leading to massive energy savings, as a
Vanadium is included as one of the 35 ashes, and other materials resulting catalyst for water-splitting to support the
critical commodities. from the burning or refining of vana- future hydrogen-based economy, and the
dium bearing oil. The Hot Springs plant next generation (beyond lithium ion) of
The Role of High-Purity Vanadium also can recover vanadium from vana- intercalation and solid state batteries for
Given that the majority of vanadium dium bearing slags generated at steel mobility applications (Figure 4).
is used in steel production where the mills and other smelting operations
addition rate of vanadium is very low, where vanadium is present. The Hot Summary
vanadium in the steel industry is very Springs facility is shown in Figure 2 and Vanadium is irreplaceable for its role
much a commodity market. Due to the the process for producing high purity in aerospace applications, and its im-
low addition levels, in most cases impu- vanadium oxides at the facility is de- portance in supporting the develop-
rities present in the vanadium are of no picted in Figure 3. ment of commercial aviation and de-
consequence to the steel maker. As a re- The materials are fed to the plant at fense applications will continue to grow
sult, the vast majority of the global Hot Springs and vanadium is leached in the future. At the same time, the uti-
vanadium capacity is designed to meet into the aqueous phase. After separation lization of vanadium in the steel indus-
the quality requirements of the steel in- of the solids, the pregnant liquor is fed try allows for the ongoing development
dustry at the lowest possible cost. to an ion exchange/solvent extraction of infrastructure in the developing
Typically, commodity grade vana- process, which effectively removes any world to support economic develop-
dium pentoxide has a purity of 98%. metal contaminates that may have ment in the most efficient manner pos-
However, in aerospace, energy storage, come into solution during the leaching sible by using high-strength, low-alloy
catalyst and other chemical applications, process. The clean pregnant liquor is vanadium steels to replace lower
high-quality vanadium oxides or down- then fed to multistage growth type crys- strength carbon manganese steels.
stream alloys and chemicals are required. tallizers where relatively large or- Potential new applications in energy
In the aerospace industry, it is critical to thorhombic crystals of ammonium storage, thermochromic fenestration and
ensure that the quality of the vanadium metavanadate are precipitated. The solar water splitting ensure that vanadium
oxide used in the production of master crystals are washed, dried and decom- will grow in its importance to terms of
alloys for the titanium industry has high posed to form either V2O5 or V2O3. The supporting global economic development
purity and is free from any potential high purity oxides can be used for pro- in the most efficient manner possible.
high melting point contaminates. The duction of master alloys for the tita- This article was written by Terry Perles,
critical application of vanadium bearing nium and aerospace industries, or they Secretary Board of Directors, US Vanadium
titanium alloys in rotating and other can be converted into other down- Holding (Pittsburgh, PA). For more informa-
critical aerospace applications requires stream vanadium chemicals and alloys tion, visit http://info.hotims.com/
assurance of high purity and no defects. for various applications. 76506-501.

Thrust in Space
The Nuances of
Thruster Valve Design
A
pplications for thruster valves are grow- The thruster valve plays a crucial role in the
ing daily. More and more companies are guidance and positioning of space vehicles, rock-
designing rockets, satellites, and re- ets and satellites. The thruster valve must reliably
usable space vehicles that require respond to commands from the vehicle guidance
thruster valves to position, maintain, or change ve- system to fire when, and for as long as needed, to
hicle orbit in space. In particular, launch systems move the spacecraft to a different position. When
designed to place small, micro, and nano satellites needed, thrusters do not normally fire for long
into orbit are proliferating. This new generation of periods of time. Rather, they are fired in short
satellites is designed to provide everything from bursts to control the vehicle position.
communications, imaging, GPS, weather forecast- Since there is no friction in space, a short burst
ing, climate change monitoring, of a thruster results in the creation of motion in
and even monitoring of farm- the appropriate direction. Once in motion, the
land irrigation and fertiliza- vehicle will continue to travel until other
tion needs. The demand thrusters are fired, creating a braking action to
for space-based images slow or stop the vehicle from moving. For exam-
especially drives the ple, a satellite in geosynchronous orbit may need
need for more im- its orbit tweaked occasionally to keep it in the
aging satellites. right place relative to the surface of the
earth. On the other hand, surveillance
satellites need to drop to a lower orbit
to take images, then raise to a higher
orbit to keep them out of harm’s
way. For a thruster to do its job
reliably, the valves that are
part of it must be ex-
3Dsculptor/Shutterstock.com
tremely reliable, and ac-

curately respond when
needed.
“The design of a
thruster valve is no
small feat,” states Rich
Kelly, Senior Project En-
gineer. “Many applica-
tion parameters must be
carefully considered be-
fore the design process
begins.” Typical in-
formation required
includes fluid
pressure, max-
imum flow,
pressure
drop,
and
Aerospace & Defense Technology, August 2020 www.aerodefensetech.com 17

Propulsion Systems
end connections. Voltage and current tive in order to provide a long operating Another factor for consideration is
limits are also important, since power for life without the need for servicing the the amount of vibration to which the
the solenoid valves is provided by solar valve. Valcor’s extensive experience with valve is subjected. The valve must re-
panels connected to storage batteries. designing solenoid valves for corrosive main closed during the extreme vibra-
The media is also critical. Thrusters propellants enables engineers to draw on tion created during the vehicle launch.
use several liquids to create hot gases to a wide array of metals and trim materials If the valve leaks, precious media is lost.
propel the vehicle, including hydrazine, for thruster valve designs. Valcor’s experi- Valcor’s valves contain several propri-
hydrogen peroxide, and nitrogen ence with these materials shortens the etary features that enable them to sur-
tetroxide. Smaller satellites use cold development time for the valve, as mate- vive and excel in space environments.
inert gases, typically nitrogen. When rial qualification is kept to a minimum. Some of these proprietary features
the application calls for hydrogen per- Size and weight must be minimized, as greatly improve the performance of the
oxide, special precautions are taken, as there is very little room available for the valves, specifically with regard for cycle
hydrogen peroxide can cause corrosion valves among the multitude of other life, high pressure, and high tempera-
of the solenoid valve components. components in a spacecraft. Thruster ture operating conditions.
For reusable space vehicles, eliminating valves can be as large as a three-pound Cycle Life: Valcor’s solenoid thruster
corrosion and contamination is impera- coffee can or as small as a thimble. valves are mostly sliding fit, plunger
types, but with a special design feature
that suspends the magnetic plunger
within the coil bobbin. By virtually
eliminating contact between the
plunger (which reciprocates to open
and close the valve) and the coil bob-
bin, these valves are capable of ex-
tremely high cycle life. Millions of cy-
cles are demonstrated by valves in
service, which is typical for this design.
High Pressure: Valcor valves have
unique seat/poppet designs that control
the stress on the seal materials, provid-
ing very low leakage in high-pressure
service. This is particularly notable for
bi-propellant propulsion systems that
require materials compatible with hy-
drazine and nitrogen tetroxide. These
compatible materials (polymers) have
low structural material properties, so de-
signing leak-free, high-pressure-capable
valves has been a challenge for the aero-
A series redundant thruster valve space valve industry. Valcor’s engineers
developed a creative design that reduces
the stress on these materials, thereby al-
lowing the valves to achieve exception-
ally long service life with bi-propellant
gases under high pressure.
High Temperature: Valcor has a large
variety of valves designed for high-tem-
perature gas and solid propellant appli-
cations. By managing how the hot gas
travels throughout the valve, the im-
pact of high temperatures on the mate-
rials of construction can be controlled.
Controlling the impact of high temper-
ature on the valve components enables
longer operating service life for the
valve.
Spacecraft and satellites, and the
A single seat thruster valve launch vehicles that put them into

Propulsion Systems
A single seat thruster valve
space are known to be very expensive. Over the last 20 years,

a number of privately-funded companies are attempting to
dramatically reduce the cost of placing spacecraft in orbit, as
well as the launch vehicle itself. The focus on reusable launch
vehicles emphasizes the importance of valves that consis-
tently work reliably from mission to mission.
To that end, Valcor has been aggressively working with
spacecraft companies to eliminate non-value-added opera-
tions and focus on those processes that add value. Valcor also
works closely with the customer’s engineering design team to
find ways to eliminate potential risk by ensuring a robust sys-
tem design. In many cases, Valcor takes on the task of build-
ing and testing these systems, providing a turnkey assembly
that the customer installs in their vehicle.
Recently, Valcor partnered with a well-respected veteran of
the space industry to create a thruster valve for a new reusable
space vehicle. The customer had already selected a valve sup-
plier and incorporated that supplier’s thruster valves into their
design. However, the customer had some reservations about
their selection and turned to Valcor Engineering for an alterna-
tive. There were substantial design constraints, as the project
was well underway at this point. The size and configuration of
Valcor’s design had to fit the existing design of the system. Fur-
ther, the customer needed to go into production in an expe-
dited time, so there was precious little time to design, proto-
type, and produce the new thruster valve. Valcor undertook
the project and is fast-tracking the design and development of
a thruster valve that meets the tight schedule requirements.
With many projects, the initial focus is on the design and
manufacture of the solenoid valve, but by closely partnering
with the customer, Valcor often expands the scope of the proj-
ect by taking on the design of the sub-system or entire system
in which the valve is used. The result of this design effort is a
fully assembled and tested system that saves the customer
time, effort, and cost in the manufacture of their vehicle.
This article was written by Paul Meyers, Aerospace Sales & Market-
ing Director and Louis J. Arcuri, Marketing, Valcor Engineering Corpo-
ration (Springfield, NJ). For more information, visit http://
info.hotims.com/76506-502.

Aerodynamics
3D
Printing
Aerodynamic
Improvements
F
uel availability is a security im- section airflow, reduc-
perative for aircraft fleets, and ing the significant
tactical dependence on fuel will amount of drag cre-
critically tie global fleets to in- ated on aircraft like
vestments in new drag-reduction tech- the C-130, C-17, L- A typical Microvane prior to installation.
nologies that optimize fuel utilization. 100, and KC-135.
Roberto Guerrero, Deputy Assistant Sec- When a plane is flying, a consider- by the Federal Aviation Administration
retary of the U.S. Air Force for Opera- able number of vortices are generated for use on the exterior of an aircraft. Not
tional Energy, recently wrote in Defense coming off the top and bottom of the only does this mean that they can be
News that “when we use our assets wing. These vortices travel down the produced through green manufacturing,
more efficiently in peacetime, we build side of the aircraft, ultimately joining but it also introduces cost and supply
a more energy-aware culture that will each other at the tail. For planes you chain benefits in terms of the need for
better prepare our airmen for tomor- fly everyday like a 737, this is not as raw materials, production time, part
row’s fight, if and when it happens.” big an issue because the fuselage is rel- warehousing, and installation. In fact,
Adopting sustainability measures atively straight. But, the aircraft that according to the United States Environ-
today directly affects operational and na- benefit the most from Microvanes are mental Protection Agency, aircraft ac-
tional security, and it benefits us all to cargo transporters that have severe up- count for 12 percent of all U.S. trans-
find ways to use less. In its 2019 Sustain- swept tails. portation greenhouse gas emissions,
ability Report and Implementation Plan, The reason? The aforementioned vor- which 3D manufacturing helps address
the Department of Defense states that its tices that do not play a role on a straight by requiring low energy sources, no raw
sustainability efforts “focus on mission fuselage aircraft play a major role with materials, and producing minimal to no
assurance, operational readiness, and upswept tail aircraft. When the vortices scrap or waste.
cost-effective business practices.” The re- meet in the back, they form a massive This 3D printing using lightweight
port goes on to add that, “The Depart- disruption that creates a significant composite materials allows Metro Aero-
ment strives to maximize the efficient use amount of drag. Microvanes destroy space to elevate the quality, standard,
of mission-critical energy, water, and ma- this vortex in the back by redirecting and integrity of products. Meanwhile,
terial resources...[to] ensure we are pre- the airflow to another area on the plane more streamlined workflows cut lead
pared when threats arise in the future.” without harming or negatively affecting times and costs, getting products to
The commonly held, and mistaken, any handling aspect of the aircraft. market more quickly. This lean manu-
notion is that fuel efficiency compro- facturing means Microvanes can be de-
mises performance, a bias we’ve experi- Green Manufacturing for Aerospace livered nearly on-demand with short-
enced firsthand in our work with Micro- Components ened lead times and without the costs
vanes. Strategically surface-mounted on One distinguishing feature of Mi- of expensive storage. Additive manufac-
the aft body of rear cargo airframes, crovanes is that they are one of the only turing also allows for adjustments and
American-made Microvanes reshape tail 3D printed parts approved and certified design changes that can be thoroughly

Aerodynamics
validated up front to avoid costly errors

that lead to waste, scrap, rework, and re-
tooling – a benefit that isn’t limited to
Microvanes and has yet to be fully cap-
italized on in the aerospace industry.
Sustainable Options for Aerospace

Components
From the traditionally accepted defi-
nition of a sustainable solution, Mi-
crovanes, currently used by fleets across
five continents, reduce fuel consump-
tion, carbon emissions, and engine wear
through lower turbine inlet tempera-
tures (TIT). According to engine manu-
facturer guidelines, reducing TIT by
30°C through conservative operation
can increase an engine’s life by as much
as 250 percent. As a drag-reducing tech- Tail section of a cargo plane being prepped for the installation of Microvanes.
nology, Microvanes actually provide
that lower temperature without com-
promising performance. Instead of
choosing extra life or extra power, the
pilot achieves both.
Take the experience of Lynden Air
Cargo, which is part of the Lynden fam-
ily of transportation companies with
service extending around the world. The
company’s fleet consists of eight civil C-
130s (L-100s), the largest in the world,
that carry oversized and bulk freight to
remote and challenging destinations, as
well as to some of the world’s most dev-
astating disasters. They support cus-
tomers in the mining, construction and
energy industries and have mobilized
operations to support projects around
the globe, including the Department of
Defense Air Mobility Command and the
Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF). Microvanes installed on the tail of a military transport aircraft.
Headquartered in Anchorage, Alaska,
Lynden has been awarded multiple chose to pilot them on a single aircraft increase in indicated air speed (IAS) at
Green Stars in Alaska for its intense focus after the Canadian Air Force and U.S. cruise, creating a reduced fuel con-
on green initiatives. But, transporting Coast Guard installed them on their sumption and ultimately reducing car-
cargo internationally with a L-100 re- large aircraft. Lynden evaluated Mi- bon emissions by an estimated 505,764
quires a significant amount of fuel given crovanes on one aircraft for several pounds over an average year of flying.
the less-than-aerodynamic design of months, taking in-flight cruise data and After seeing this 6.7 knot increase,
large rear cargo aircraft, which presents correlating it to fuel uplifts, and saw a Lynden continued testing and calcu-
challenges from both cost and environ- statistically significant difference be- lated an actual 7 knot gain. The Mi-
mental perspectives. As a leader in sus- tween pre- and post-Microvanes per- crovanes cleaned up the airflow and re-
tainability initiatives, Lynden believes formance. They were doing what they duced the drag, which allowed pilots
going green is good business, and that were supposed to do. to increase air speed at the same power
small changes can add up to big savings settings. With them, they actually had
for business and the environment. Translating Sustainability into to either reduce the power setting
Given its focus on improving fleet op- Improved Performance sooner or reduce speed, both of which
erating efficiencies, Lynden had been During the Microvanes pilot pro- reduced the fuel consumption and en-
tracking drag-reducing Microvanes and gram, Lynden realized a 3.03 percent gine temperature.

Aerodynamics
the correct position on each airframe.

These locating guidelines are included
in the Service Bulletin offered for cus-
tomers to use when installing the
vanes.
Additionally, the nature of 3D printed
components like Microvanes is that
they can be placed and bonded to the
exterior of an aircraft using an epoxy
system without affecting the aircraft
body or any other systems. The longest
process tends to be waiting for the ad-
hesive to cure. Contrarily, riveting
would not only take more time, but also
add weight, decreasing total drag reduc-
tion, and affecting internal systems on
the underside of the fuselage where Mi-
Microvanes installed on the tail of a Lynden L-100 cargo plane. crovanes are placed.
The results of the pilot program led but the sheer nature of fuel- and drag- Shift the Paradigm
Lynden to install Microvanes on all reduction technologies like Microvanes Is aerospace ready for sustainable so-
eight of its L-100’s. Lynden pilots flying is that they ultimately pay for them- lutions that can be produced more
with Microvanes reported an unabated selves. Lynden’s resulting fuel savings quickly and designed more precisely
climb directly to cruise altitude without will allow the company to recoup the with less error and waste? What if those
the need to step climb when carrying a cost of the Microvanes within approxi- solutions can also reduce drag and im-
heavy cargo and fuel load. Crews also mately 15 months since completing in- prove performance? Is it unreasonable
noticed they were hitting higher than stallation across the fleet. to ask so much for the future of aero-
expected speeds and having to throttle Rather than require a fleet to be taken space component manufacturing? Per-
back sooner, which gave them the op- out of commission, which also has a haps a better question would be why
tion of getting to destinations earlier, or price in terms of lost service, installa- we aren’t considering 3D printing for
throttling back to a lower setting to tion of Microvanes can be completed in more aerospace and defense parts and
keep the same schedule but use less fuel. less than a day. components?
Based on countless Computational This article was written by Tricia D'Cruz,
The Cost of Going Green Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses run, Founder/Managing Director of Catalyze
Cost is usually incurred when sustain- the ideal array of Microvanes has been Dallas (Dallas, TX). For more information,
able solutions are first implemented, calculated to ensure they are located in visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-503.
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RF & Microwave Technology
Cryogenic-Capable Isolators Improve

the Performance of Millimeter-Wave
Systems by Lowering Noise Levels
S
ilence is golden when it comes to filtering out un- tried using regular isolators from one vendor. We cooled
wanted reflected noise, especially in extremely them down and assumed they would work, but they
high-frequency, millimeter-wave (MMW) applica- weren’t behaving right.”
tions. While recent improvements in isolator de- Anferov, a recent Caltech graduate, looked to NASA and
signs are solving many of these problems, one critical chal- its Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, CA, for a solu-
lenge remains: finding isolators that operate optimally tion. “It turned out they had just commissioned a grant for
under cryogenic conditions. a company to design isolators specifically for cryogenics,”
For manufacturers of ultra-high-frequency wireless appli- said Anferov. “After talking with them, it became obvious
cations such as 5G and 6G communications, standoff secu- from shared experiences that we were actually causing the
rity scanning, and military defense products, the issue of problem in our setup by utilizing isolators that could not
MMW and cryogenics is relatively new. In fact, some sys- stand up to extremely cold conditions.”
tem designers may still be unaware that an isolator built to Due to the fact that there is no industry standard, MMW
operate at room temperatures will fail to operate optimally manufacturers often, though unintentionally, make com-
when temperatures are reduced to cryogenic levels. ponents out of metals that when cooled to cryogenic levels,
“That happened to us,” said Alexander Anferov, a gradu- start superconducting.
ate research assistant in the Schuster Lab at the University “That completely changes the device properties for the
of Chicago. “We worse,” added Anferov. “The real issue is that the results are
unpredictable. Surprise resonances and new leakage
paths can crop up and power that used to be
absorbed can be reflected instead.”
A Universal Challenge
Antenna designers are
very familiar with the
constant battle of
standing waves.
The US Navy asked Plymouth Rock
Technologies to decrease the size of the Without con-
large satcom antenna systems on aircraft carriers trol, these
in order to put them higher up onto the ship’s super-
structures. To do this, Plymouth Rock need cryogenic-
capable isolators.

FR100CT #001
S12(1K) S21(1K) S12(4K) S21(4K) S21(290K) S12(290K)
5
-5
-10
-15
(db)
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110
Frequency (GHz) The Schuster Lab at the University of Chicago con-
ducts experiments at temperatures near absolute
Cryogenic test results carried out at the University of Chicago at 4 K and 1 K compared with room-temper- zero (1 Kelvin). At the extremely high frequencies
ature (290 K) data. S21 shows transmission through Micro Harmonics’ cryogenic isolator, while S12 repre- used in this setup, their work required a special-
sents the transmission in the reverse direction. At cryogenic temperatures, forward transmission remains ized cryogenic isolator from Micro Harmonics that
high while reverse transmission decreases, demonstrating low insertion loss and high isolation. Precise did not over-rotate the field and create unwanted
measurement of the insertion loss was not possible due to calibration issues in the cryostat. The isolator issues.
insertion loss is thought to be less than 0.5 dB across the full WR-10 band.
to award the company a subsequent
unwanted waves reflect back into the the jet blast from the new fighter planes grant to address the issue of isolators at
transmitter to attenuate power output was damaging the radomes,” explained cryogenic temperatures.
while raising unwanted noise input. Es- Wheeler. “The challenge was to lower “Low-noise integrated circuit ampli-
pecially in the MMW bands that cover the weight and size without losing any fiers work because of the nature of a
the frequencies between 30 GHz and performance.” Schottky diode or a FET transistor, in
500 GHz, the reduction of transmitted Wheeler explained that for any an- that as it gets cooler, it has lower noise,”
signal strength jeopardizes the battle — tenna system, if you shrink the size of said Wheeler. “However, cryogenic low-
almost literally in military applications. the antenna aperture, gain (G) drops by noise amplifiers are not cheap. With fer-
To reduce the voltage standing wave a logarithmic amount, which is in con- rite isolators, you get more bang for the
ratio (VSWR) and help increase the sig- trast to the goal. But if you can lower the buck: a better gain-over-noise figure at
nal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, microwave en- noise temperature (T), then you can get room temperatures and even more so at
gineers typically rely on isolators (aka back the gain that was lost. “Our solu- cryogenic temps.”
Faraday rotation isolators). These dis- tion was to cryogenically cool the low- There are numerous material issues
crete components allow electromag- noise amplifier,” said Wheeler. “We can that must be addressed to ensure that an
netic signals to pass in one direction but get down to less than 100 Kelvins with isolator is able to withstand the rigors of
absorb them in the opposite direction, commercially available cryo-coolers,” he thermal cycling. The substantial temper-
thus reducing noise. Dana Wheeler, said. “Our biggest challenge was finding ature dependence of the ferrite magneti-
CEO of Massachusetts-based Plymouth an isolator that could perform at those zation is also a challenge. Ferrite magne-
Rock Technologies, explains how stan- temps. Fortunately for us, a company tization follows a modified Bloch law,
dard isolators often become problem- called Micro Harmonics had just de- increasing by more than 20% when
atic with next-generation electronics signed some specifically for NASA.” cooled from room temperature down to
that require components that must Headquartered in Virginia, Micro 4 K. As the temperature decreases, there
withstand more extreme environments. Harmonics specializes in design solu- is less thermal energy and it is easier to
“We received a Small Business Inno- tions for components used in MMW align magnetic dipoles in the ferrite.
vation Research (SBIR) grant from the products. Under a NASA contract The design used by Micro Harmonics
Navy to decrease the size of the large awarded in 2015, the company success- compensates for the change. It also uses
satcom antenna systems on aircraft car- fully developed an advanced line of iso- magnetic armatures designed to achieve
riers in order to put them higher up lators for 50 GHz to 330 GHz applica- a focused, uniform bias field in the fer-
onto the ship’s superstructures because tions. That successful project led NASA rite. This strong magnetic saturation al-

50 Years_2571 Mini 5/9/2018 11:51 AM Page 1
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When it comes to today’s military, aerospace, and medical
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mini-systemsinc.com
508-695-0203 info@mini-systemsinc.com
20 David Road, North Attleboro MA 02761-0069

ics applications, on the research side, component since there are often signa-
Anferov and his team at the University tures in the data that can be missed.
of Chicago are on a mission to see just “Knowing that isolators would now per-
how low they can go. form in the MMW bands at single-digit
“Our lab does experiments at 1 Kelvin Kelvin temperature was good news for
and there are components that can us because that was one less component
function at temperatures close to ab- we had to worry about,” said Anferov.
solute zero,” said Anferov. “However, at For Wheeler’s mil-spec work, the
the extremely high frequencies de- cryogenic isolators will help ensure the
manded by today’s applications, it takes reliability of Plymouth Rock’s technol-
a specialized ferrite isolator to perform ogy and products. “In harsh environ-
consistently under such extremes — a ments, the contaminants on the ra -
ferrite that won’t over-rotate the field dome of the antenna can really add to
Damage caused by repeated thermal cycling to a
thin substrate material spanning a large hole in an and create unwanted issues.” the system noise figure due to reflec-
aluminum block. tions (VSWR),” said Wheeler. “By inte-
Summary grating a cryogenic isolator in front of
lows the shortest possible length of fer- It is essential for any MMW applica- your low-noise receiver, you will realize
rite — hence, small footprint — while tion that each isolator is tested over the a reduction in the noise and increase
achieving a low insertion loss of less full frequency band on a vector network the gain ratio.”
than 1 dB at 75-110 GHz and only 2 dB analyzer (VNA) to ensure compliance. This article was contributed by Micro
at 220-330 GHz. This includes reliability testing (Belcore) Harmonics, Fincastle, VA. For more infor-
While manufacturers are now realiz- and cryogenic cycling tests. Comprehen- mation, visit http://info.hotims.com/
ing the benefits of isolators for cryogen- sive VNA test data should back up every 76506-505.
Boom Aerospace Relies “Verisurf software works with all

our measuring devices and CAD
on Verisurf Software
files, and those used by our supply
chain. Using Verisurf as a common
measurement platform has improved
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verification of every
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Metrologist, Boom Aerospace www.verisurf.com • 866-340-5551

Detection with Quantum Radar

A new radar prototype utilizes quantum entanglement as a method of object detection.
Q uantum entanglement is
a physical phenomenon
where two particles remain
inter-connected, sharing phy-
sical traits regardless of how
far apart they are from one
another. Scientists from the
Institute of Science and Tech-
nology Austria (IST Austria)
— along with collaborators
from the Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology (MIT), the
University of York (UK), and
the University of Camerino,
Italy — have demonstrated a
new type of detection tech-
nology called “microwave
quantum illumination” that
utilizes entangled microwave
photons as a method of de- Illustration of a quantum radar prototype. (© IST Austria/Philip Krantz)
tection. The prototype, also
known as a “quantum radar,” is able to gree above absolute zero (-273.14 °C), Throughout history, basic science has
detect objects in noisy thermal envi- we have been able to detect low-reflec- been one of the key drivers of innova-
ronments where classical radar sys- tivity objects at room temperature.” tion, paradigm shift, and technological
tems often fail. breakthrough. While still a proof-of-
Outperforming Classical Radar concept, the research has effectively
Quantum Entanglement as a While quantum entanglement in it- demonstrated a new method of detec-
Form of Detection self is fragile in nature, the device has a tion that, in some cases, may already be
The working principles behind the few advantages over conventional clas- superior to classical radar.
device are simple: Instead of using con- sical radars; for instance, at low power A proof-of-concept, such as the one
ventional microwaves, the researchers levels, conventional radar systems typi- demonstrated by the research team,
entangle two groups of photons, which cally suffer from poor sensitivity as “often served as prominent milestones
are called the signal and idler photons. they have trouble distinguishing the ra- towards future technological advance-
The signal photons are sent out towards diation reflected by the object from ments. It will be interesting to see the
the object of interest, while the idler naturally occurring background radia- future implications of this research,
photons are measured in relative isolation noise. particularly for short-range microwave
tion, free from interference and noise. Quantum illumination offers a solu- sensors,” said Barzanjeh.
When the signal photons are reflected tion to this problem as the similarities “This scientific result was only pos-
back, true entanglement between the between the signal and idler photons — sible by bringing together theoretical
signal and idler photons is lost but a generated by quantum entanglement — and experimental physicists who are
small amount of correlation survives, make it more effective to distinguish the driven by the curiosity of how quan-
creating a signature or pattern that de- signal photons (received from the object tum mechanics can help to push the
scribes the existence or the absence of of interest) from the noise generated fundamental limits of sensing,” said
the target object — regardless of the within the environment. group leader, Professor Johannes Fink.
noise within the environment. “The main message behind our re- “But to show an advantage in practi-
“What we have demonstrated is a search is that quantum radar or quan- cal situations, we will also need the
proof-of-concept for microwave quantum microwave illumination is not help of experienced electrical engi-
tum radar,” said lead researcher and As- only possible in theory but also in prac- neers and there still remains a lot of
sistant Professor at the University of Cal- tice,” said Barzanjeh. “When bench- work to be done in order to make our
gary, Shabir Barzanjeh, whose previous marked against classical low-power de- result applicable to real-world detec-
research helped advance the theoretical tectors in the same conditions we tion tasks.”
notion behind quantum enhanced already see, at very low-signal photon For more information, contact Johan-
radar technology. “Using entanglement numbers, quantum-enhanced detec- nes Fink at johannes.fink@ist.ac.at;
generated at a few thousandths of a de- tion can be superior.” +43 2243 9000 2020.

Tech Briefs
Preliminary Development of an Integrated Mobility, Lethality, and

Survivability Soldier Performance Testing Platform
Developing a methodology that incorporates objective measures of performance and is sensitive to changes
in soldier-system equipment could help guide equipment manufacturers during product development and
acquisition.
Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts
I n 2017, the US Army announced

their modernization priorities as a
means of maintaining their military 5
Casualty
Drag
strength. Six specific areas were tar-

geted for focus improvement and de-
velopment, with the first five being
specific technologies or end products.
6
The sixth was “Soldier Lethality” or a Window
soldier’s ability to shoot, move, com- Obstacles
municate, protect and sustain by im-

proving human performance and deci-
sion making. In an effort to support
this priority area for those trying to
make clothing and individual equip-
ment (CIE) acquisition and develop-
ment decisions, there is a desire for an
integrated or holistic objective tool to
measure soldier performance, specifi- Bounding 7
4 Rushes
cally mobility, lethality and survivabil- Agility Run
ity incorporating underlying measures

of human factors, biomechanics and
cognition.
Stair and
Defense research organizations from 3
Ladder
Climbs 8 Balance
Australia, Canada, Singapore and the Beam
United States use the Load Effects As-

sessment Program (LEAP), a military
mission obstacle course originally de-
veloped by the US Marine Corps, to as-
sess the impact of CIE on dismounted
warfighter performance and, specifi-
cally, mobility. The standardized LEAP 9
Crawl
test platform includes a 10-station ob- 2
stacle course, in addition to static sim- Sprint
ulated rifle firing, vertical jump, and
weight transfer activities.
Previous studies investigating com-
pletion times for military task-ori-
ented obstacles (i.e., jumping, run-
ning, crawling, climbing) and
obstacles courses have been able to
differentiate CIE designs and configu- 10
Inner &
1
rations. In the last 5 years, a number Tunnel Outer
Courtyard
& Hatch
of studies have been completed using Walls
similar versions of the LEAP obstacle

course. That testing has shown that
course performance is affected by dif-
ferences in CIE. The LEAP course has Diagram of the LEAP-MLS test platform layout, starting in the lower left with the static shooting. The sol-
also shown to be sensitive to changes diers depicted in red indicate the survivability assessment points.

Tech Briefs
in gross weight and in percent body By integrating these mobility and three) having an infantry military oc-
weight carried. marksmanship methodologies, with cupational specialty. The test partici-
Additionally, previous marksman- additional developmental methodolo- pants had a mean age of 24.85 ± 5.11
ship performance research had shown gies in the areas of cognitive decision- years. Their years in service ranged
sensitivity to CIE encumbrance when making and survivability metrics, the from less than a year to over thirteen,
using live fire. Multiple studies have LEAP Mobility, Lethality and Surviv- with a mean of 4.5 ± 3.48 years. Five
shown that weapons simulator/training ability (LEAP-MLS) was conceived. This had combat deployment experience.
systems are predictive of live-fire qual- research provides an initial proof of The test participants had a mean
ification scores. Moreover, simulated concept of this developmental test weight of 189.15 ± 27.27 lbs and mean
marksmanship has also shown to be platform. This study is a first step in height of 69.68 ± 1.96 inches.
sensitive to CIE encumbrance level developing a methodology that incor- All twenty participants executed the
comparisons and allows testers to assess porates objective measures of perform- course in three configurations that rep-
compatibility and performance degra- ance and is sensitive to changes in sol- resented three levels of CIE encum-
dations in an easy, quick, low cost, and dier-system equipment, thus helping brance: unloaded, minimal-encum-
safe manner. The simulated marksman- to inform the soldier performance brance, and maximal-encumbrance.
ship tasks have used static and on-the- trade space during product develop- The baseline (natural unloaded body)
move shooting at single and multiple ment and acquisition, using a single, included the participant, their duty
targets to demonstrate these differences standardized and controlled event. uniform, a helmet, and a surrogate
in performance when wearing CIE Twenty active duty soldier volun- (training aid) M4 weapon (with sensor
products. They have also integrated teers executed the course in three lev- and optics). The minimal-encum-
basic cognitive decision-making ele- els of CIE encumbrance, in a repeated brance configuration included all the
ments (go-no-go tasks), but with only measured design of experiments. All components of the Unloaded in addi-
high-level mobility differences seen participants were active duty Army tion to body armor weighing approxi-
across CIE encumbrance levels. personnel, with a majority (all but mately 23 kg. The maximal-encum-
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Tech Briefs
brance configuration included the not much heavier than the minimal- Combat Capabilities Development Com-
components of the minimal configura- encumbrance, it has the maximum mand Soldier Center. For more informa-
tion kit and additional items that are amount of bulk around the torso of the tion, download the Technical Support
associated with the Grenadier duty po- body that a dismounted soldier could Package (free white paper) at
sition, such as additional 40 mm experience when wearing body armor. www.aerodefensetech.com/tsp under
grenade, with a weight of approxi- This work was done by Stephanie A. T. the DAQ, Testing & Sensors category.
mately 25–30 kg. Although this kit is Brown and K. Blake Mitchell for the Army ARL-0230
High Performance Polymers For

Bore Elevation
Aerospace Protection, Assembly & Masking and Azimuth
Measurement
System (Beams)
Newly developed laser apparatus
verifies that the pointing accura-
cy requirement of a weapon’s
fire control system is met.
Adhesive tapes, Polymer Films, Fabrics, Silicone Sheeting, Threads Army Armament Research,
Development and Engineering
Performance Polymers Converting Capabilities Center, Picatinny Arsenal, New
(with or without adhesive) Custom width slitting
Jersey
Teflon™ PTFE Fluoroplastics Adhesive Lamination
Optically Clear FEP & PFA Automated Sheeting
Kevlar® Products
Mylar® Type A & EL
Specialty Film Tapes
Die cutting
T he U.S. Army Armament Research,
Development and Engineering Cen-
ter (ARDEC) engineers from the Fire
Kapton® (Polyimide) Rapid Prototyping Control Systems and Technology Direc-
PEEK® Belting torate at Picatinny Arsenal in New Jer-
Nylon Thread Spooling sey developed, tested, and placed into
practical application the Bore Elevation
Capable of meeting ASTM, MIL. Spec. & FDA Approval and Azimuth Measurement System
ASTM D-5213, ASTM D-3308, ASTM D-3368, ASTM D-2000
(BEAMS). The BEAMS provides a means
MIL-I-19166C, MIL-I-631, MIL-P-46112, MIL-T-87128, MIL-B-2205
FDA 21 CFR 177.2415 to accurately measure the pointing abil-
ity of fire control for mortars, artillery,
Adhesive Tape Solutions:
and other weapon platforms.
• Masking aircraft parts from harsh elements and environmental
Heretofore, verifying weapon pointing
conditions
accuracy in an engineering environment
• Mounting and bonding solutions for cabin assembly
has been, and continues to be, a problem
• High temperature tapes for cable and wire wrapping
at many government test facilities.
Polymer Film Solutions: Current methods employed at Govern-
• Barrier Films for protection against UV and environmental ment Proving Grounds for artillery and
conditions mortar weapon azimuth pointing meas-
• Optically clear films for alternative windows and module lenses. urements generally make use of a fixture
• Specialty die cut film parts for seals, gaskets, and or gap filling inserted into the weapon tube. The fix-
applications ture is composed of two disks, which en-
gage the diameter of the weapon bore.
www.cshyde.com The disks support a mechanical rod struc-
800-461-4161 ture that extends the tube axis beyond
the end of the tube where it may be ob-
sales@cshyde.com served. The long-rod incorporates two
conical alignment points, the tips of
which are machined to be on axis with

Tech Briefs
the long-rod. The long-rod is machined

to be coaxial with the two disks. In oper-
ation, the weapon tube is positioned on
the azimuth of interest and the appara-
tus inserted into the bore. A theodolite is
then positioned at a location such that
the vertical line intersects the tips of
both conical alignment points. At that
time, the theodolite would be positioned
in exactly the same vertical plane as both
conical points and therefore along hori-
zontal projection of the azimuth of the BEAMS laser apparatus for use with the 120-mm mortar
weapon tube.
This is a subjective process and highly ronment that the elevation and az- projection of the tube axis. Mechanical
dependent upon the skill of the theodo- imuth pointing accuracy requirement adjustments allow the laser aperture to
lite operator. Shortcomings of such ap- of a weapon’s fire control system is met. be positioned on-axis with the weapon
proaches are the inability to quantify or The BEAMS laser apparatus incorporates bore, and optical adjustments within
calibrate the mechanical apparatus and interchangeable lobes that allow for use the laser housing permit the beam to be
to establish or remove bias from the with any weapon tube caliber. The lobes made concentric with the actual tube
measurement. Additionally, these ap- support two non-marring brass pads axis. These features facilitate measure-
proaches may measure azimuth, but not and a spring-loaded plunger, which al- ment and/or removal of bias from the
the elevation angle. lows the apparatus to self-center on the fixture.
The BEAMS device offers a low-cost weapon tube axis. The apparatus incor- The BEAMS uses a dual theodolite ap-
technique to verify in a field test envi- porates an eye-safe laser that provides a proach employing conventional geo-

Tech Briefs
detic survey procedures to make three- a spreadsheet or through the use of ded- opment and Engineering Center. For more
dimensional measurements of the laser’s icated computer software. A fully auto- information, download the Technical
position. From these measurements, the mated system may be implemented Support Package (free white paper) at
elevation and azimuth of the laser line through the use of digital theodolites www.aerodefensetech.com/tsp under
and subsequently the weapon tube can operating under computer control. the Daq, Testing & Sensors category.
be computed with exceptional accuracy. This work was done by Robert P. Pinto ARDEC-0007
The computations may be performed in for the Army Armament Research, Devel-
Correlational
Analysis of
Speech
Intelligibility
Tests and Metrics
for Speech
Transmission
Analysis of the common meth-
ods of evaluating the quality
and limitations of speech could
serve as a resource for users of
standard speech intelligibility
measurement methods.
Army Research Laboratory,
Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Maryland
S peech is a form of language (com-

munication code) that uses vocally
produced sounds to convey thoughts,
meanings, and feelings. To communi-
cate by speech, speech sounds must be
both produced and perceived. Speech
production refers to the process by
which predetermined vocalized sounds
are produced by the talker and organ-
ized in sequences forming communica-
tion signals. Speech perception is the
process by which the listener is able to
hear and interpret (understand) the
message encoded in the speech signals.
The effective design and use of audio
communication systems requires some
knowledge of the physical properties of
speech and the rules that govern the
human perception of speech. The two
main physical descriptors of speech sig-
nal are its sound intensity and spectral
content.

Tech Briefs
The long-term average sound intensity A person’s vocal level effort depends selves. Conversely, talkers wearing hear-
levels of phonated speech produced with on the visual and auditory clues stem- ing protectors reduce their vocal efforts
various levels of vocal effort are as follows: ming from the distance (real or per- by about 3 dB, compared to when un-
ceived) to the listener and the emo- protected, if the background noise level
Vocal Male Female
tional state of the talker. In noisy exceeds 75 dB A (ISO 2003).
Effort Talker Talker
environments vocal effort is naturally The speech levels referenced above
Low (relaxed) 52 (54) 50 higher (raised, loud, or shouted) than in are the levels measured in front of the
quiet (normal) environments, because talker’s mouth. However, the vocal
Normal 58 (60) 55
talkers involuntarily raise their voices to source is quite directional and the lev-
Raised 65 (66) 62 the level needed for them to hear them- els at the talker’s back may measure up
Loud 76 (72) 71 Communication System
Shout 89 (78) 82 Input Signal Output Signal
Input Speech
However, individual phonemic com- Intelligibility
ponents of speech vary greatly in their
intensity with vowels carrying much
greater energy than consonants. The Transmission System
strongest vowel, /aw/, as in the word
“all,” is about 28 dB more intense than
the weakest consonant, /th/, as in the Talker’s Speech Listener’s Speech
word “thin.” Whispered (unphonated) Intelligibilty Recognition
speech levels are in the order of 40 Output Speech
dB(A), but this kind of speech is not Intelligibility
used in formal communication. Diagram of a speech communication system (Letowski)

Tech Briefs
to 5–7 dB lower. This difference is relatively small at low-

and mid-frequencies but sharply increases for spectral con-
tent at higher frequencies (consonants).
This work was done by Tomasz R. Letowski and Angelique A.
Scharine for the Army Research Laboratory. For more informa-
tion, download the Technical Support Package (free white
paper) at www.aerodefensetech.com/tsp under the Daq, Test-
ing & Sensors category. ARL-0229
Use of Mass-Flux
Measurement and Vapor-
Phase Tomography to
Quantify Vadose-Zone Source
Strength and Distribution
Use of advanced technologies could improve
evaluation of vadose zone source impacts on
groundwater and vapor intrusion, leading to
improved remediation decisions.
Environmental Security Technology Certification
Program, Alexandria, Virginia
T he goal of this project was to demonstrate that the multi-

stage vapor-phase contaminant mass discharge (MS-CMD)
test and vapor-phase tomography (VPT) can effectively char-
acterize persistent volatile organic compound (VOC) sources
in the vadose zone and measure their associated mass dis-
High frequency
sampling during re-
start extraction
Stage 1: Start Stage 2: Stop Stage 3: Re-

Extraction Extraction start Extraction
120
100
Rebound: Mass
transfer from poorly
80 accessible domains Extraction: Remove
Concentration
to advective domain mass accumulated

{provides T} during rebound
60 stage
{provides M}
Extraction
40
Shutdown
Extraction: mass
CMDng = M/T
20 removed from
advective domain
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Time (days)
Schematic of Representative Data Set Collected from an MS-CMD Test

Tech Briefs
charge. It is anticipated that these tech- tial impact of the vadose zone source on water or vapor intrusion requires deter-
nologies will improve evaluation of va- groundwater or vapor intrusion. Con- mination of the contaminant mass dis-
dose zone source impacts on groundwa- comitantly, setting appropriate vadose charge from the source. The standard
ter and vapor intrusion. zone remediation goals once a remedy approach for characterizing vapor-
The U.S. Department of Defense selection is made, as well as evaluating phase mass discharge is to measure
(DoD) has focused significant effort on attainment of these remediation goals, static contaminant concentrations for
characterizing and treating chlorinated requires evaluating these persistent vapor (soil gas survey [SGS]) or sedi-
solvent sources in groundwater. There sources in terms of their impact on ment (borehole cores) samples, and to
are two primary concerns associated groundwater remediation goals or vapor use them as input for a mathematical
with sites that contain vadose zone intrusion concerns. screening model to estimate contami-
volatile organic compound (VOC) These issues are of particular rele- nant mass discharge. This approach has
sources. First, discharge of contaminant vance for soil vapor extraction (SVE), become widely used to evaluate the im-
vapor from the vadose zone source may which is the presumptive remedy for pact of vadose zone sources on ground-
impact the underlying groundwater. Sec- vadose zone systems contaminated by water or vapor intrusion. However, this
ond, contaminant vapor from the va- chlorinated solvents. Standard practices approach can be subject to considerable
dose zone source may migrate to the guidance manuals developed by the EPA uncertainty in the estimates obtained,
land surface and transfer into buildings, (2001) and the USACE (2002) outline depending upon the robustness of the
thereby causing vapor intrusion. The procedures for assessing transition/clo- input data as well as the simplifications
DoD manages thousands of sites wherein sure of SVE systems using several types employed in the development and ap-
the vadose zone is contaminated by of analyses, including evaluating the plication of the screening model.
chlorinated solvents and other VOCs. impact of vadose zone source contami- Second, some portion of contami-
Currently, the decision to require re- nation on groundwater. nant mass in the vadose zone is usually
mediation of a vadose zone source is Characterizing the impact of vadose associated with regions that are poorly
typically based on assessing the poten- zone contaminant sources on ground- accessible (e.g., low permeability zones).
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Tech Briefs
Characterizing mass-discharge associ- mass-transfer processes. The potential be influenced by a large degree of un-
ated with these regions may often be limitations associated with typical certainty.
problematic with the SGS method. screening models for VOC transport are This research was conducted to
Third, the typical implementation well documented. As a result of these demonstrate two vadose zone character-
approach for the SGS or sediment cor- and other issues, the current standard ization technologies that can provide
ing methods are not able to readily approach for characterizing vapor- more accurate measures of vapor-phase
characterize the temporal variability of phase contaminant mass discharge can contaminant mass discharge, character-
ize mass-transfer conditions, and pro-
vide a higher resolution characteriza-
tion of the source distribution. These
novel technologies will support im-
proved assessment of vadose zone
source impacts on groundwater and
vapor intrusion. They will also support
improved optimization of SVE systems,
as well as support transition/closure de-
cisions for SVE systems.
This work was done by Dr. Mark
Brusseau of the University of Arizona for
the Environmental Security Technology Cer-
tification Program. For more informa-
tion, download the Technical Support
Package (free white paper) at
www.aerodefensetech.com/tsp under
the Daq, Testing & Sensors category.
ESTCP-0002
sUAS-Based
Payload
Development and
Testing for
Quantifying
Optical Turbulence
Understanding how atmospheric
effects can impact operational
conditions is important to the
development of High Energy
Laser (HEL) weapon systems.
Naval Postgraduate School,
Monterey, California
W ithin the highly dynamic and

hostile modern-day battlespace,
the Department of Defense (DoD) is
constantly facing threats from multiple
domains. Unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAV), swarms of fast attack craft, anti-
ship missiles and manned aircraft are

Tech Briefs
quickly developing asymmetric op-

tions. These threats need to be tracked,
engaged and destroyed in quick succes-
sion. However, not all threats can nec-
essarily be paired with the same
weapons system.
The use of directed electro-optical en-
ergy has a long history in warfare dating
back to the days of the Romans. Accord-
ing to legend, Archimedes used an array
of mirrors to direct beams of sunlight
on enemy ships to burn them down be-
fore they could invade Syracuse. In
more recent times, the Navy began ex- The NPS Penguin small unmanned aerial system used to measure turbulence within the boundary layer.
perimenting with the use of chemical
lasers in the 1970s. Unfortunately, these become employable on several DoD 1 LaWS). In other forces of the DoD,
early attempts were only experimental assets. Currently, the Navy uses many the Army conducted a test of a high-
and never were put into operational different weapons platforms including energy laser (HEL) system onboard an
use. Their size was too vast to be em- the Phalanx CIWS, M242 Bushmaster AH-64 Apache attack helicopter and
ployed on ships, vehicles or aircraft. cannon and BAE Systems Mk 45 5-in the Air Force is forging ahead with
Over time however, as laser technol- gun to neutralize symmetric threats. their self-protect high energy laser
ogy improved and shifted from chem- To complement these weapons plat- demonstrator (SHiELD) program which
ical lasers to solid state, their size di- forms, the Navy is developing the they hope will help to defend its
minished. They are beginning to AN/SEQ-3 laser weapon system (or XN- fighter planes.

Tech Briefs
There are many benefits of adding a lasers can be tuned in at high enough makeup of the atmosphere within the
laser system to the current array of de- power levels to vaporize incoming battlespace, the more precisely we can
fenses. Some of these include target howitzer shells or to docile enough lev- predict and mitigate the atmospheric
cycling time, low shot cost, and tun- els enough to simply disable optical effects on HEL systems. Currently, most
ability. Targets can be taken out in sensors onboard a UAV, all within the atmospheric models work at grid scales
quick succession as each shot only re- same system of 2 km or greater which are unable to
quires a matter of seconds before tar- Unfortunately, despite all the bene- resolve these critical components. Un-
geting the next object. The shot is re- fits of laser systems, they can be dis- like missile and gun-based defense sys-
ceived by the target instantaneously rupted by atmospheric conditions, tems which can be projected over the
and can be essential for fast moving, over land and over the ocean. The at- horizon, laser systems are restricted to
inbound targets. Each shot of the laser mosphere is a continually changing line-of-sight firing.
only requires about a dollar of energy mixture of aerosols (dust, salts, etc.) The objective of this research, there-
since it is the only “projectile” in- and radiatively active gases such as car- fore, is to explore the use of small un-
volved. With the laser system, there is bon dioxide and water vapor. Each of manned aerial systems (sUAS) to meas-
no required storage, disposal, pur- these constituents have a direct effect ure turbulence within the boundary
chase, transport or development of on laser propagation through scatter- layer to help predict the atmospheric
ordnance. ing, refraction and absorption. effects on laser propagation.
Many of the projectiles of the sys- In addition to these effects, atmos- This work was done by Lee Suring for
tems mentioned earlier cost upwards pheric turbulence on very small scales the Naval Postgraduate School. For more
of hundreds of thousands of dollars for (centimeter to meter), can cause at- information, download the Technical
every target they engage. Handling the mospheric scintillation which affects Support Package (free white paper) at
ordnance takes up tight space aboard the spreading and coherence of elec- www.aerodefensetech.com/tsp under
the ships and maintaining the stock- tro-optical propagation. The better we the DAQ, Testing & Sensors category.
pile is a continuous cycle. Finally, can understand these effects and the NPS-0011
Development and
Verification of
Body Armor Target
Geometry Created
Using Computed
Tomography Scans
Previous methods of target geom-
etry modeling involving manual
measurement of armor systems
and the translation of those meas-
urements into computer-aided
design geometry could be
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Army Research Laboratory,
— Customizable features include multiple cooling options, operating
temperatures from -55C to 100C, PFC, & harmonic reduction Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
— $SSOLFDWLRQVLQFOXGHRSWLFDOžLJKWJURXQG90( UHWURŽWVROXWLRQV
— Autonomous or embedded via an array of communication protocols T his research involved a new process
developed to support the rapid devel-
opment of computer-aided design (CAD)
w w w . a i r b o r n . c o m geometry to model personal protective
equipment (PPE). The armor was devel-
oped and used in modeling and simula-

Tech Briefs
tion for analysis of the Tier 4 Soldier Pro- To reduce production time and in- manikin representative of ORCA man.
tection System (SPS) compared to the Im- crease accuracy of armor placement for This foam ORCA-man surrogate (re-
proved Outer Tactical Vest (IOTV). The vulnerability/lethality modeling, the US ferred to as foam manikin) is optimal for
goal of modeling the PPE CAD geometry Army Research Laboratory’s Survivabil- scanning given it is lightweight and has
was to create a representation of the ity/Lethality Analysis Directorate ex- low density. It also provides real-life di-
armor system to scale relative to the Op- plored a new process for CAD model cre- mensions and fit of the armor system to
erational Requirement-based Casualty ation. This methodology included CT the ORCA-man geometry, which is used
Assessment (ORCA) man model and scanning using the General Electric for vulnerability/lethality modeling.
place the armor system in the correct lo- BrightSpeed model and placing the Four systems were CT-scanned on the
cation relative to anatomical landmarks. physical armor system on a foam foam manikin: a medium IOTV, the large
IOTV pelvic under garment/
IOTV SPS pelvic outer garment (PUG/
POG) system, a medium SPS,
and a large SPS. Two scans for
each system were conducted.
The first included all pieces of
the system: the cloth vest hold-
ing the hard plates and ballistic
soft armor, the PUG/POG; the
second included only the ballis-
tic soft armor (outside of its cloth
lining) placed on the foam
manikin. This latter scan was to
Figure 1. Full IOTV (left) and SPS (right) systems on the foam ORCA manikin. prevent scan artifact and mate-
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Tech Briefs
(DICOM) formatted segmented into individual pieces,

data. DICOM format which together define the entire armor
is the international system. Segmentation is the process of
standard for medical applying a 2-D mask to each image in
imaging. The DICOM the DICOM image series to define the
data and header files armor system object of interest. The
provide a series of defined 2-D mask was then used to
stacked images along generate 3-D geometry, as shown in
with metadata and Figure 2. The 2-D masks were created
measurements. For using a series of density selection tools
this process, the as well as manual selection tools. The
DICOM files were masks often have high resolution and
used to understand artifact interference that result in ini-
Figure 2. IOTV soft armor in Mimics software showing soft armor (red mask)
placed on ORCA foam model in coronal slice (left) and rough soft armor and create a 3-D tial geometry that requires further re-
geometry created from segmentation (right). model of each armor finement to ensure the model is
system by examining smooth and watertight.
rial bunching or separation of soft armor and defining layers of materials. After This work was done by Autumn R. Ku-
layers. Only the large PPE systems were the scans were collected, they were ana- laga, Kathryn L. Loftis and Eric Murray for
segmented, as those were being created to lyzed, segmented, re-topologized, and fi- the Army Research Laboratory. For more
support SPS live-fire evaluations. Figure 1 nalized as CAD geometry. information, download the Technical
displays the full IOTV and SPS systems on To segment the CT scans, each re- Support Package (free white paper) at
the ORCA foam model. spective set of the DICOM images was www.aerodefensetech.com/tsp under
The CT scans resulted in Digital Imag- loaded into Materialise’s Mimics analy- the Daq, Testing & Sensors category.
ing and Communications in Medicine sis software. Each PPE component was ARL-0227

Application Briefs
Telemetry Processing Systems

Acroamatics Telemetry Systems (Acroamatics)
Goleta, CA
215-657-5270
www.gdpspace.com
A croamatics Telemetry Systems (Acroamatics), a Delta In-

formation Systems Company, was recently selected by
Northrop Grumman to deliver multiple Model 3022AP
Portable Multi-function Telemetry Processing Systems in sup-
port of the Advanced Anti-Radiation Guided Missile (AARGM)
program production and test operations.
Northrop Grumman’s AARGM is a supersonic, medium-
range, air-launched tactical missile compatible with U.S. and
allied strike aircraft. AARGM provides the U.S. Navy, U.S. Ma-
rine Corps, Italian Air Force, and the Royal Australian Air-
force with the latest and most advanced weapon system to
engage and destroy enemy air defenses and time-critical, mo-
bile targets. All of Acroamatics’ Telemetry Data Processing equipment, in-
Acroamatics’ Model 3022AP is a real-time, portable cluding the Model 3022AP, has been designed and tested to
telemetry data processing and simulation system (TDPSS) comply with cyber security standards and platform technolo-
that features high-performance telemetry acquisition and gies as they evolve in today’s defense and aerospace engineer-
data processing within a Linux or Windows 10 display and ing sector.
archive environment. This multi-function and modular pro- Leveraging nearly 50 years of experience and genera-
cessing system includes RF receivers, bit synchronizers, IRIG tions of mission critical telemetry system products, Acroa-
106 Standard Decommutators/Simulators and IRIG Stan- matics’ latest generation of telemetry processing systems
dard Time. and multi-function processing card/software level solu-
Acroamatics’ Telemetry Data Processing (TDP) scripting lan- tions offer performance, integration, software and hard-
guage allows users to customize various aspects of the system, ware compatibility with enterprise and portable process-
making the Model 3022AP a future-proof design. Whether the ing and data distribution requirements. A unique OS
mission calls for a custom data processing function or a independent embedded processor architecture assures reli-
unique archive format, the TDP scripting language can be able long-term support, simplified IA compliance, and
used with the decommutation or data processing modules to trouble-free API development.
support most of the end-use mission’s unique requirements. For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-460
Electro-Optical Missile System

Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.
Haifa, Israel
972-73-3324710
www.rafael.co.il
T he Slovak Ministry of Defence recently signed a contract

with Eurospike – a European Joint Venture consisting of
Rafael Advanced Defence Systems Ltd., Diehl Defence and
Rheinmettal Electronics – for the supply of the advanced 5th
generation SPIKE LR2 ATGM and dismounted advanced ICLU
launchers (Integrated Control Launch Units). The procure-
ment was carried out through the NATO Support & Procure-
ment Agency (NSPA).
The Slovak army is the 6th armed force to choose the
modern 5th generation SPIKE LR2, as well as being part of
another 34 SPIKE user nations. Slovakia is also the 3rd NATO
nation that will be using the SPIKE LR2 and as such, it will

Rod Ends and Application Briefs
Spherical
Bearings designed
and manufactured to
Aurora’s exacting
standards for quality
and durability. follow the seamless transition by SPIKE Missile user nations
from 4th generation SPIKE LR missiles to the 5th generation
SPIKE LR2 Missile variant that can be fired from the same ve-
hicle or from dismounted launchers.
In April 2018 the Slovak MOD published the successful re-
sults of the field-testing phase of the Slovak Turra 30 mm Re-
Registered and Certified mote Control Weapon Stations (RCWS) mounted on Patria
to ISO_9001 and AS9100. vehicles including multiple launch of vehicle-mounted
SPIKE Missiles from the EVPU RCWS. The current contract
From economy commercial
includes dismounted launchers, signifying that the SPIKE
to aerospace approved, LR2 is now the ATGM of choice both for the Slovak infantry
we’ve got it all! as well as for its cavalry.
SPIKE LR2 is a cutting-edge 5th generation, multi-platform,
multi-mission and multi-range electro-optical missile, with
enhanced standoff range of 5.5 km, fire & forget capabilities,
as well as man-in-the-loop features, such as retargeting mid-

flight, attack of hidden targets beyond-line–of-sight, as well as
the ability to launch to non-line-of-sight targets based solely
Aurora Bearing Company on their geo-coordinates.
901 Aucutt Road Slovakia is among 19 EU/NATO SPIKE missile user nations.
Montgomery IL. 60538
More than 33,000 SPIKE missiles have been supplied to-date
complete library of CAD drawings and 3D models available at: around the world, with over 6000 SPIKE missile firings, both
w w w. a u r o r a b e a r i n g . c o m in training and in combat. The selection of the SPIKE LR2 mis-
Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/76506-747 sile by the Slovak armed forces will allow the Slovakia army
5th generation tactical overmatch.
This purchase is part of the ongoing modernization of
armed forces taking place around Europe. To date, SPIKE Mis-
sile systems have been acquired by Germany; Baltic States
EXPLORE WHAT’S POSSIBLE Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania; and other European countries,
creating common ATGM capabilities within Europe and po-
tentially supporting future cross-nation mutual support.
Pure Indium & For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-463
Indium Alloys Loitering Precision Strike Missile

AeroVironment, Inc.
Unique properties for Simi Valley, CA
unique applications: 805-520-8350
www.avinc.com
• Low melting point
• Non-metallic bonding A eroVironment, Inc., a company that specializes in the
design and manufacturing of unmanned aircraft sys-
tems (UAS), announced the receipt of a one-year,
• Soft at all temperature ranges $75,930,901 funded contract award from the United States
Army for procurement of the company’s Switchblade® loi-
• Great for cryogenics tering missile system. The contract award was funded for
the first year of procurement through a Joint Urgent Oper-
ational Need Statement from the United States Army Tacti-
cal Aviation and Ground Munitions (TAGM) project office.
Learn More: Start of deliveries is anticipated by September 2020. Two
www.indium.com/ADT additional one-year options, currently unfunded, would
extend the period of performance through April 2023 on a
sole-source basis.
AeroVironment’s combat proven Switchblade is back-
©2020 Indium Corporation
packable and rapidly deployable from ground platforms

Application Briefs
including a 6-pack launcher, providing warfighters with

rapid-response force protection and precision strike capa-
bilities up to 10 kilometers (6 miles) from its launch loca-
tion. The weapon can be launched from land, sea or air
platforms and has proven effective for use against beyond
line-of-sight targets. Its high precision, combined with
specialized effects and patented wave-off feature, results
in Switchblade’s ability to minimize or even eliminate
collateral damage.
Northrop Grumman is a key partner on the Switchblade
system, providing single purpose and multimode war-
heads for the program.
Switchblade ® and Blackwing™ form the basis of
AeroVironment’s emerging family of Tactical Missile Sys-
tems. Blackwing is a variant of Switchblade, designed to
provide rapid-response intelligence, surveillance and re-
connaissance capabilities. It can be launched from sur-
face vessels, submerged submarines and unmanned un-
derwater vehicles. Switchblade and Blackwing are both
compatible with AeroVironment’s Multipack Launcher
(MPL), an all-weather remotely operated launch battery
that can be integrated into land, shipboard or mobile op-
erations.
For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-461
Precision Metal Parts

Fotofab manufactures precision custom parts to exact
customer specification. Components are produced quickly
and cost effectively in prototype or production quantities.
We specialize in thin sheet metal ranging from 0.0005” to
0.09” thickness, in a variety of metals such as Titanium,
Copper, Nickel Alloys, and Stainless Steel.
With over 50 year experience, Fotofab produces parts

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Application Briefs
WMD Detection Technology

BAE Systems create a technology solution
Burlington, MA called MATCH (Multi-info Alert-
781-273-3388 ing of Threat CBRNE Hypothe-
www.baesystems.com ses). MATCH will automatically
populate a world graph using sen-
B AE Systems recently received

funding from the U.S. De-
fense Advanced Research Projects
sor and multi-source data to pro-
vide analysts visibility into threat
activities in a metropolitan re-
Agency’s (DARPA) Defense Sci- gion. Using the graph, MATCH
ences Office to develop advanced will create hypotheses that iden-
analytics technology that will as- tify and characterize threatening
sist in the detection and deter- CBRNE activity.
rence of weapons of mass destruc- Phase 1 research on the SIGMA+
tion (WMD) activity, helping to ensure national security. The program leverages BAE Systems’ expertise in data fusion, ad-
first-of-its-kind technology will leverage multiple data sources vanced analytics, and resource management as part of its auton-
and use data fusion, adversary modelling, pattern matching, omy technology portfolio. It also builds on a previous work for
and machine learning techniques to detect and identify indi- DARPA’s Insight program and leverages the company’s mature
cations of chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and ex- All-Source Track and Identity Fuser (ATIF) and Multi-INT Analyt-
plosive (CBRNE) threat. ics for Pattern Learning and Exploitation (MAPLE) technologies.
As part of DARPA’s SIGMA+ program, the BAE Systems FAST Work for the program will be completed at the company’s facil-
Labs™ research and development team will work with part- ities in Burlington, Massachusetts and Arlington, Virginia.
ners Barnstorm Research and Washington State University to For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-462
SMi Group proudly presents the 5th annual …
UAV Technology
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2. Hear the very latest from
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OpenVPX Technology: The Future
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Tuesday, August 18, 2020 at noon U.S. EDT
The U.S. Department of Defense and other users are demanding the implementation of open standards and interoperability, not just at the
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Chelmsford, MA 01824
Phone: 781-897-1710 Aerospace and defense test engineers face intense demands
E-mail: ussales@pickeringtest.com to find the most advanced test technologies so they can design
www.pickeringtest.com and implement critical test and measurement systems. At
Pickering, we understand these challenges, since 1988, we have
delivered commercial and custom switching, simulation, software
& services for aerospace and defense applications, including:
Company Description
• General Purpose Switching
• Fault Insertion for Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation (HILS)
Pickering Interfaces offers modular signal switching and sim-
• RF/Microwave Switching up to 67GHz
ulation solutions, software and services for electronic test and
• Programmable Resistor modules
verification systems. We provide the most extensive range of
• Custom Switching Subsystems
switching and simulation solutions in the industry for PXI, PCI,
• PXI Switching & Simulation modules that closely match the
LXI and USB applications. We also have application software
operation of VXI Switch modules
and software drivers, along with a full range of supporting con-
• Supporting cable & connector solutions & custom cable
nectivity and cabling solutions.
assemblies
At Pickering, we understand that to design, deploy and sus-
• Diagnostic test tools
tain your test system can be challenging—we can offer you the
• Signal routing software
products and services to help your engineering team get the
job done on time and budget. When our product range doesn’t
fit your application, we have the agility and expertise needed to
develop a system to your specifications, often with little to no
engineering cost.
We are committed to providing our customers with quality
products that have a 15 to 20-year life cycle and offer expert-
level technical support free of charge.
Target Markets
• Aerospace & Defense

• Automotive
• Industrial
• Medical
• Semiconductor
www.pickeringtest.com

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Pico Electronics
143 Sparks Avenue Products/Services Offered
Pelham, NY 10803
Phone: 800-431-1064 Transformers and Inductors
Fax: 914-738-8225 From the depths of the oceans, to the surface of Mars, Pico’s
E-mail: info@picoelectronics.com transformers and inductors are used in the most rugged appli-
www.picoelectronics.com/ cations. Pico is a listed QPL supplier.
Low Profile DC-DC Converters
Pico’s wide product range includes regulated, isolated, pro-
grammable, and adjustable modules that offer output voltages
Company Description
from 2 VDC to 10,000 VDC with power ratings from 0.75 to 300
Watts.
PICO ELECTRONICS – TRANSFORMERS • INDUCTORS •
High Power DC-DC Converters
DC-DC CONVERTERS • AC-DC POWER SUPPLIES
We offer modules where output power requirements of up to
300 Watts, and wide input voltage requirements with a variety
Pico Electronics, Inc., founded in 1967, had the ambition to
of output voltages from 3.3 VDC to 350 VDC, as well as higher
build the smallest, most reliable transformers and inductors on
input voltages up to 1200 VDC, are needed.
the market to meet the most demanding applications for the
AC-DC Power Supplies
Military, Aerospace and Commercial industries. Pico’s Audio
Pico offers a complete line of AC-DC modules for Military,
Transformers are as small as 0.180”. Pico took this knowledge
COTS and Industrial applications including Power Factor
and expertise and expanded its product line to include 400 Hz,
Corrected modules to create a 365 VDC rail up to 2,000 Watts.
Pulse, DC-DC Converter Transformers as well as Power and EMI
Inductors. Pico offers its products in many different PCB
mounting options, including through hole, axial lead, and sur-
face mount. Pico Electronics is a listed supplier on QPL lists for
many Mil Spec items.
Target Markets
• Military & Defense

• Commercial Aerospace
• Military Aerospace
• Manufacturing
Anywhere miniature high quality and reliability specifications
are required for converters, transformers, inductors, or power www.picoelectronics.com/
supplies.

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RAD Torque Systems

30580 Progressive Way Products/Services Offered
Abbotsford, BC V2T 6Z2
Canada RAD Torque Systems understands that engineers and mechan-
Phone: 604-852-0405 ics who work with commercial airplanes need the right tools to
E-mail: info@radtorque.com get the job done safely and efficiently. Working directly with engi-
https://www.radtorque.com/ neers to design and manufacture high-torque wrenches, offsets,
multipliers and reaction arms is what has maintained RAD
Torque’s relationship with aircraft manufacturers and airlines for
more than two decades.
Company Description
In addition to our extensive line of torque wrenches, we also
offer a variety of torque wrench accessories. Whether that
RAD Torque Systems is a leading Canadian manufacturer of
means custom offsets to help aerospace mechanics reach low
pneumatic, battery-powered, and electronic pistol grip torque
clearance bolts, or multipliers to achieve the correct amount of
wrenches. RAD products have proven to be successful all over
torque, anything is possible with RAD.
the world, notably in the aerospace and defense industry. With
RAD Torque Systems offers a whole suite of tools to help man-
over 25 years of experience in the torque wrench industry,
ufacturers and airlines build and maintain aircrafts including our
RAD Torque and their parent company, New World Tech-
E-RAD BLU which offers accurate data collection and our B-RAD
nologies Inc., continue to invest in and employ the latest tech-
Select BL, a battery-powered torque wrench for pre-torque and
nology to achieve the highest level of innovation, quality and
service jobs where electricity or compressed air are not available.
performance.
Target Markets https://www.radtorque.com/
• Aircraft manufacturers
• Airlines

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Target Markets
Aerospace & Defense, Medical Devices, Oil & Gas, Motor-

sport/Automotive, Industrial, Consumer Electronics, Alter-
Arnold Magnetic Technologies native Energy
770 Linden Avenue
Rochester, NY 14625
Phone: 800-593-9127 Products/Services Offered
Email: infoNA@arnoldmagnetics.com
www.ArnoldMagnetics.com • Precision Magnetic Assemblies — Arnold’s assemblies include
high efficiency rotors, pump couplings, aerospace applications,
and more.
Company Description • L Type Laminated Magnets — Offering the greatest efficiency
with lowest eddy current loss.
Arnold Magnetic • Shaped Field Magnets — (Patent pending) Higher magnetic fields,
Technologies is a lead- fewer design constraints, lighter weight, with better accuracy.
ing global manufactur- • RECOMA® 35E — World’s most power-dense samarium cobalt
er of high performance material on the market.
permanent magnets, • Global leader in the manufacture and production of Alnico,
magnetic assemblies, injection molded, Plastiform®, Flexible magnetic composite
and precision thin met- membranes, and solenoids.
als. Arnold’s magnets, • Arnold’s Precision Thin Metals include Titanium and other spe-
metals, and systems cialty alloys, rolled as thin as .000085" in sheets, strips and
are used in high-efficiency motors and generators, sensors, bat- foils that improve the power density of various applications.
teries, and more. A US-based corporation with several ITAR
locations complying with DFAR throughout their supply chain,
and certified to SAE AS9100D and ISO9001:2016. www.ArnoldMagnetics.com
Target Markets
Military, Aerospace, Industrial
Atrenne Computing Solutions, a Celestica Company

10 Mupac Drive Products/Services Offered
Brockton, MA 02301
Phone: 508-588-6110 Atrenne Computing Solutions, a
Fax: 508-588-0498 Celestica Company designs and
E-mail: sales@atrenne-cs.com manufactures rugged electronic sys-
www.atrenne.com tems for mission-critical and per-
formance-critical embedded comput-
ing platforms deployed in harsh envi-
Company Description ronments. The portfolio of products
center around the embedded bus
Atrenne Computing Solutions, a Celestica company, special- architectures which include VPX
izes in applications that demand Gen3 and SOSA as well as the legacy of
ruggedized high reliability, including VME/ VME 64x and cPCI architectures. These architectures are
military, aerospace, networking and configured into an array of both rack-mount and ATR profiles.
industrial environments. With opera- Atrenne’s offerings cover a broad spectrum of cooling config-
tions spanning the globe, Atrenne urations that encompass traditional air-cooling, air-over conduc-
designs and manufactures complex, tion, conduction and liquid cooling variants. While based on a
integrated electronic solutions. With pedigree of designs, each system is tailored to meet or exceed
more than 40 years of experience, customer requirements per stringent mil-specifications. Atrenne
Atrenne provides innovatively engi- offers full integration, test and qualification services ensuring
neered products and services compliance and performance standards are maintained.
throughout the program lifecycle,
from concept to manufacturing to www.atrenne.com
obsolescence management.

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Target Markets
Aerospace, Military, Industrial, Manufacturing, Packaging,

Battery Tech., Medical Device
CS Hyde Company
1351 N. Milwaukee Ave.
Lake Villa, IL 60046 Products/Services Offered
Phone: 800-461-4161
Fax: 800-441-8063 CS Hyde Company is your source for high performance adhe-
E-mail: sales@cshyde.com sive tapes, polymer films, PTFE coated and non-coated fabrics,
www.cshyde.com Kevlar® products, silicone sheeting, PTFE beading, threads, and
3M™ adhesives. Common
substrates we work with
Company Description include PTFE® made with
Teflon Fluoroplastics, FEP,
CS Hyde Company is a woman owned converter and distribu- PFA, Mylar®, Kapton®, PEEK®,
tor of high-performance adhesive tapes, polymer films, fabrics, ULTEM, Halar®, TPX®, ABS,
silicone sheeting, Nylon, and many more. Our
threads, and bead- converting capabilities in-
ing. Premier manu- clude slitting, die cutting,
facture relation - adhesive lamination, sheeting, rapid prototyping, and belting.
ships, a stock inven- Common specialty products include customer tolerance die
tory warehouse, and cut parts, washers, gaskets, and seals. Ideal source for spe-
on-site convert- cialty film tapes consisting of polymer films with adhesive
ing ma chinery en- backing system. Full resource converter for substate to fabri-
ables us to pro- cate applications.
vide quality custom converted products in the shortest time-
frame possible.
www.cshyde.com
Target Markets
• Aerospace
• Aerospace & Defense
Design, Analysis and Research (DARcorporation)
910 East 29th Street
Lawrence, Kansas 66046 Products/Services Offered
Phone: 785-832-0434
E-mail: info@darcorp.com • Consulting Services
https://www.darcorp.com/ • Aircraft Design Optimization
• Aerodynamic Analysis
• Loads
Company Description • Structural Analysis
• Propeller and Ducted Fan Design, Prototyping and
DARcorporation has been offering aircraft engineering Manufacturing
design and analysis consulting, flight testing, prototyping and • Wind Turbine Design, Prototyping and Manufacturing
manufacturing services since 1991. Our 16,000 ft2 facility • Prototyping and Manufacturing
includes an extensive research library, 3,700 ft2 research lab • Acoustic Testing
with engine and propeller test stands and 414 ft2 anechoic • Engine/Motor Characterization
chamber, 3-D Printing Lab and 4,400 ft2 prototyping shop. • Flight Testing
• Wind Tunnel Testing
• 3-D Scanning and Printing
• CNC Foam Cutting Services
• Aircraft Design Software
• UAV-Drone Design, Prototyping
and Manufacturing
https://www.darcorp.com/

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FCI thermal dispersion sensors solutions include:
• Flow sensors
• Level and interface sensors
• Temperature sensors
FCI Aerospace • Pressure sensors
1755 La Costa Meadows Drive
San Marcos, CA 92078 Application solutions for:
Phone: 760-744-6950
Fax: 760-736-6250 • Gearbox oil sensing
E-mail: fci-aero@fluidcomponents.com • Coolant systems
www.FCIAerospace.com • Air management
• Potable and waste water
• Fuel systems
Company Description
Rely on FCI Aerospace for your mission critical flow, liquid
FCI Aerospace is a world leading manufacturer of built-to- level, temperature, and pressure sensor applications.
specification flow, level, temperature and pressure sensors with
designs that meet and exceed specifications for performance,
reliability and quality. AS9100 / ISO9001 certified.
Whether fixed wing or rotary aircraft, FCI Aerospace has
designed and manufactured qualified, flight-worthy sensor sys-
tems to meet a broad range of applications.
Manufacturers and sub-system suppliers of commercial, business,

defense and military aircraft throughout the world have specified www.FCIAerospace.com
and installed FCI sensors with confidence for more than 30 years.
Fotofab manufactures metal parts to exact specifications

from a wide range of standard and exotic metals, including
Fotofab Stainless Steel, Titanium, Beryllium Copper, Inconel, and
3758 W. Belmont Ave. Tungsten. Parts are produced from thin metal sheets ranging
Chicago, IL 60618 from 0.0005" up to .090" in thickness.
Phone: 773-463-6211 We offer a selection of standard shields and masks, as well as
E-mail: sales@fotofab.com custom parts per drawing. Commonly ordered parts include
https://www.fotofab.com/ RF/EMI shields (2-pieces, low-profile, and dimpled), screens or fil-
ters, electrical contacts, flat springs, leadframes, and antennas.
Along with precision metal etching, we offer a variety of
Company Description value-added services. These include forming, diffusion bonding,
soldering, passivation, and much more.
Fotofab specializes in manufacturing precision metal parts to
customer’s exact specifications. Our process is ideal for rapid
prototyping and high quantity production runs that need to be
consistent every time. Quick turnaround times, low tooling cost,
and hundreds of metal alloys available. ITAR registered,
AS9100D/ISO 9001:2015 certified, and RoHS compliant.
Target Markets
• Engineers, OEMs, Buyers, Dir./VP of engineering

• Aerospace, Military & Defense, Medical Devices and Implants,
Telecom, Electronics
https://www.fotofab.com/

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standard and custom products, providing you with quality solu-

tions at competitive prices and best in class lead-times. Our
technical support and customer service teams will help you pick
the best product for your needs.
GAGE BILT Inc.

44766 Centre Ct.
Clinton Twp., MI 48038
Phone: 586-226-1500
Gage Bilt’s continued dedication to create innovative designs
Fax: 586-226-1505
focused on safety, productivity, ergonomic and FOD control has
E-mail: solutions@gagebilt.com
led to a wide range of products. We have improved upon and
www.gagebilt.com
developed new technologies from lockbolt collar feeders to
automated riveting systems, high-production power units to
specialized noses. We take pride in working closely with our
Company Description customers to find
solutions for spe-
Gage Bilt, located in cial applications,
Clinton Township, MI, has such as tight
been manufacturing a full clearances, faster
range of Commercial and cycles, and FOD
Aerospace blind rivet and control. These, and
lockbolt tools since 1956. many other inno-
We have a complete fas- vative products,
tener installation product have proven in-
line that is interchange- valuable to our
able and equivalent with customers.
the competition. Our prod-
uct line includes: Tools,
Nose Assemblies, Power Units, Accessories and Spare parts.
www.gagebilt.com
Gage Bilt is committed to manufacturing innovative and robust,
Kontron provides the industry’s most advanced, cost effec-

tive and certified IFE&C open platform solutions on the market.
Kontron Kontron’s wireless connectivity products propel the future of
9477 Waples St, the IoT “connected aircraft” to go beyond passenger entertain-
San Diego, CA 92121 ment to data driven solutions that create greater operational
Phone: 858-677-0877 efficiencies and new revenue streams.
E-mail: sales@us.kontron.com Benefits of Kontron’s IFE&C products include:
www.kontron.com • Fully integrated avionics server and cabin WiFi solution
• Easily adaptable and scalable
• Simplify content delivery and management
Company Description • Enable delivery to passenger wireless
devices
Kontron has 30+ years experience in building ultra-rugged • Provide greatest flexibility and affordability
computing platforms designed for commercial and defense with open architecture and modular approach
applications and is uniquely positioned to address the needs of • Lower maintenance and operating costs
the In-flight Entertainment & Connectivity (IFE&C) market. With THE KONTRON CAB-N-CONNECT CABIN WIRE-
a thorough understanding of engineering high-performance, LESS ACCESS POINT (CWAP) FAMILY provides Best-in-Class
mission critical computers deployed in harsh environments, performance for next-generation HD video streaming for dense
Kontron has a skill set perfectly matched to the needs of the multiple client applications on aircraft.
commercial aerospace industry. THE KONTRON ACE FLIGHT SERVER FAMILY consists of
complete highly integrated application-ready platforms that are
specifically designed to meet advanced communication applica-
Target Markets tion requirements for Ethernet-based network installations for
both linefit and retrofit programs.
Commercial and defense aerospace market, In-flight
Entertainment & Connectivity (IFE&C) market
www.kontron.com

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Products and Services Offered
Offering solutions that fit your customized needs.
maxon precision motors, inc. We are driven by

125 Dever Drive progress. We are
Taunton, MA 02780 certain that we
Phone: 508-677-0520 can continuously
E-mail: info.us@maxongroup.com improve – even
www.maxongroup.us what seems to
be perfect –
even better. We
Company Description believe that out-
standing engineers
maxon drives set the world in motion. and technicians can make a positive impact on the world.
This is why we support them in their efforts to go off the
At maxon, we develop and build high precision electric drive sys- beaten path and provide the right drives for their ideas. We
tems that are among the best in the world. We combine electric do this because we share in their uncompromising drive to
motors, gears and DC motor controls into high-precision, intelligent excel in technology.
drive systems that can be custom-made to fit the specific needs of Our manufacturing facility located in the USA offers many
customer applications. maxon helps provide innovative solutions at benefits to our customers. We now have a closer customer col-
competitive prices for numerous applications in various markets. laboration on design and manufacturing to include production,
concept development, testing & validation, broad-based engi-
neering and rapid prototyping.
Target Markets
Industrial automation, medical technology, security technol- www.maxongroup.us

ogy, instrumentation, communications, aerospace and defense,
and consumer applications, among others.
New Wave Design and Verification provides programmable

network interface hardware, FPGA IP Cores, and system level
New Wave Design & Verification products for high-speed serial interfaces used in embedded and
4950 W 78th Street test systems. Protocols supported include Ethernet, Fibre Channel,
Minneapolis, MN 55435 Mil1394 (1394b AS5643), sFPDP,
Phone: 952-224-9201 ARINC-818, HSDB, and custom
E-mail: info@newwavedv.com protocols.
www.newwavedv.com New Wave DV
hardware products
provided in XMC
Company Description and PCIe form fac-
tors. Rugged, high-
The New Wave Design and Verification team is made up of pas- temperature solu-
sionate professionals who have extensive skill designing, building, tions offered. Alter-
testing, and delivering electronic systems for aerospace and nate form fac-
defense systems. New Wave DV is focused on your high band- tor options a-
width, ultra-low latency, and specialized networking applications. vailable for
We uphold our reputation for industry-leading products and serv- VPX, PXIe,
ices through persistent dedication backed by decades of expe- and VME. En-
rience. By providing off- gineering custom-
the-shelf solutions and ization is also a-
custom engineering re- vail able to meet pro-
sources, New Wave DV gram requirements.
confidently serves you
to meet your cost,
schedule, and technical www.newwavedv.com
requirements.

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and mechanical performance criteria required for advanced

systems and complex applications.
PIC can support robust data requirements with 10G ethernet
interconnect solutions designed for emerging applications with
products like MACHFORCE®, a D38999 style high-speed 10GbE
PIC Wire & Cable connector. Its patented design offers robust electrical perform-
W220N1051 Springdale Rd ance, increased data transfer density, easy termination and
Waukesha, WI 53186 field repairability. MACHFORCE is also offered as a complete
Phone: 800-742-3191 assembly for custom solutions and unique applications.
E-mail: sales@theangeluscorp.com
www.picwire.com
www.picwire.com
Company Description
PIC Wire & Cable® designs specialty, high-performance elec-

tronic cables, connectors and assemblies for rugged, harsh
environments in demanding military, corporate and commercial
applications. With deep aerospace and defense application
knowledge, PIC technical specialists provide support through-
out the entire system design process and can assist with cus-
tomization and rapid prototyping services.
PIC Wire & Cable offers a broad selection of premium inter-

connect products designed for electronic, RF, video, data and
high frequency applications in harsh, rugged environments. All
are engineered and manufactured to meet stringent electrical
Target Markets
Aerospace, defense, electronics, consumer electronics,

transportation and medical device
Specialty Coating Systems
7645 Woodland Drive
Indianapolis, IN 46278 Products/Services Offered
Phone: 317-244-1200
E-mail: scssales@scscoatings.com SCS combines the properties of Parylene with its worldwide
scscoatings.com resources to provide the industry with reliable coatings and
services. Ultra-thin and pinhole-free, SCS Parylene conformal
coatings offer exceptional properties, including:
Company Description • Ultra-thin, lightweight conformal coating
• Micro-encapsulation capabilities
With over 45 years of experience, SCS is a world leader in • Superior chemical, moisture and electrical barrier properties
Parylene conformal coating technologies. SCS is a direct descen- • Biocompatibility and biostability
dant of the compa- • Thermal stability up to 350°C (long-term)
nies that originally SCS Parylenes play a critical role in protecting numerous com-
developed Parylene ponents, including circuit boards, MEMS, sensors, LEDs, semi-
and employs some of conductors and more, for applications throughout the aero-
the world’s foremost space, defense, electronics, transportation and medical device
specialists, highly ex- industries. SCS recently introduced ParyFree®, a new halogen-
perienced sales en- free variant of Parylene that optimizes barrier properties and
gineers and expert complies with global halogen-free initiatives.
manufacturing per-
sonnel, working in
19 coating facilities scscoatings.com
around the world.

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multi-turn absolute position sensors, and challenging environ-

ments like space, deep sea, vacuum, etc.
Target Markets
Ultra Motion
22355 County Road 48, NY 11935, US Aerospace/spaceflight applications, medical, industrial
Cutchogue, New York 11935 automation, defense and research
Phone: 888-321-9178
E-mail: contact@ultramotion.com
www.ultramotion.com
Our Servo Cylinder line of electromechanical linear actuators

Company Description was designed from the ground up to be extremely robust and very
simple to use. After a simple USB configuration, power and signal
Ultra Motion designs and manufactures high performance are the only connections required to operate the Servo Cylinder.
electromechanical linear actuators and has been supplying Ultra Motion’s patented Phase Index position sensor is seam-
aerospace, medical, industrial, and subsea industry leaders for lessly integrated into the Servo Cylinder, which provides
over twenty five years. Our areas of expertise include extreme absolute, digital position feedback of the actuator throughout
power density, fully integrated closed loop servo actuators, the entire stroke and is also used in Field-Oriented Control of
the motor. Besides Phase Index, no sensors are
required to provide absolute position
feedback of the actuator shaft
and the BLDC rotor, which
greatly reduces costs.
www.ultramotion.com
New
Verisurf 2020 Software
Verisurf Software, Inc. Raising the Bar on Engineering Measurement Solutions
4907 E Landon Dr,
Anaheim, CA 92807
Phone: 888-713-7201
E-mail: sales@verisurf.com
www.verisurf.com
Company Description
Universal Compatibility
One Measurement Software, any CAD file, and all CMMs
Verisurf software is vital
to maintaining a digital
thread between design, Verisurf Software, Inc. is the only CAD model-based solution
engineering, manufactur- committed to advanced reverse engineering, quality inspection,
ing, and finished part vali- tool-building, and assembly guidance. Building on a legacy of
dation. Built on a powerful powerful, easy-to-use tools, the new Verisurf 2020 release
CAD platform, Verisurf is includes many advanced reverse engineering and surface mod-
committed to digital Model- eling features.
Based Definition (MBD),
open standards, and inter-
operability with all coordi- www.verisurf.com
nate measuring machines
and CAD software.

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Essex Industries
7700 Gravois Road
St. Louis, MO 63123
Phone: 314-832-4500
E-mail: contact-us@essexind.com
www.essexindustries.com
Company Description
Essex Industries designs and manufactures a large variety of
In 1947, Essex began providing quality products to the aerospace human-machine interface controls custom engineered to meet
and defense market and continues today as a leading supplier of applications for military fixed and rotary-wing aircraft and
custom-engineered platform controls, aircraft components, emer- ground combat vehicles. They include sticks, throttles, control
gency breathing equipment and LOX storage/distribution systems yokes, collective, cyclic and flap controls as well as cockpit con-
for air medical operations. Essex provides advanced engineering, trol panels. Essex aircraft components include mechanical and
rapid prototyping and Model Based Enterprise manufacturing for electro-mechanical components and assemblies for virtually
production, upgrade and retrofit program requirements. every aircraft system. Essex also designs and manufactures liq-
uid oxygen-based life support systems for ground-based and
airborne med-evac applications, as well as cockpit and cabin
Target Markets emergency breathing equipment. We offer build-to-print manu-
facturing and testing services that meet customer’s require-
• All Defense Aircraft Platforms ments for components, assemblies and systems.
• UAV Platforms
• Combat Vehicle Platforms
• AS-9100-D Related Build to Print Opportunities www.essexindustries.com
FIXED WING ROTARY WING GROUND COMBAT VEHICLES
PLATFORM CONTROLS | AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS | BUILD-TO-PRINT
A TRUSTED PARTNER WITH EXPERIENCE

• Model Based Enterprise (MBE) Manufacturing Company
• Rapid Prototyping / In-house 3D Printing Capabilities
• 70+ Years of Qualification Data to MIL-STD’s & DO-160 Specifications
• AS9100 Rev D Certified
CONTACT US TO EXPLORE THE POSSIBILITIES
7700 Gravois Rd. St. Louis, MO | essexindustries.com | contact-us@essexind.com

New Products
Miniature Liquid Point Level Sensor Level 5 Lightning Test System

With its precision thermal sensing ca- Advanced Test Equipment Corporation
pabilities, the new next-generation (ATEC) (San Diego, CA) will now offer the M
miniature Model AS—LLE Liquid Point Level Sensor from FCI Precision Labs ECAT Lightning Test System
Aerospace (San Marcos, CA) offers a solution to detecting and Level 5.
alarming liquid level for tanks, reservoirs, sumps and gear- The M Precision ECAT Lightning Test Sys-
boxes in commercial and military fixed wing and rotary air- tem for level 5 testing is a modular test plat-
craft. The AS-LLE Point Level Sensor can be used with most form that tests in accordance with the light-
any liquid, including water, oil, hydraulic fluid, coolants, and ning simulator requirements of RTCA
more. Its titanium (Ti 6AL-4V, per AMS 4928) construction DO-160 Section 22 and 17, meeting most Boeing, Airbus, EU-
ensures it is rugged, lightweight, and corrosion resistant. ROCAE and other requirements. The ECAT Lightning Test Sys-
The Model AS-LLE Liquid Point Level Sensor is designed to tem can perform pin injection, cable bundle, and ground in-
be installed within the vessel itself. It operates based on an jection testing with single stroke, multiple strokes, and
excitation current of 75mA. (ON for 30 seconds, OFF for 120 multiple bursts modes from the same module.
seconds), which delivers an output signal that corresponds to For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-492
tank or reservoir level. The Model AS-LLE sensor’s body is de-
signed to fit and go anywhere with a barrel-shaped body that’s Power Clamps
only 1.36 inches (34.54 mm) long with a 0.625-inch (15.87 Destaco (Auburn Hills, MI) is pleased to an-
mm) diameter and weighs 1.6 oz (45g). nounce the launch and availability of its Model
For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-470 84A40-1/84A50-1 Power Clamps. Despite their
very compact double-arm design, these pneu-
Industrial Metal 3D Printer matically powered clamps produce high force
AMCM (Starnberg, Bavaria, Germa - and tolerance compensation for firmly holding
ny), an EOS Group company, an- sheet metal together during various critical assembly applica-
nounced the serial production of its tions, such as welding. The standard opening angle of the
AMCM M 4K-1 (single laser) and AMCM clamp is 90 degrees, but the opening angle of both arms is in-
M 4K-4 (four laser) industrial DMLS dependently adjustable.
metal 3D printing platforms. Built on the EOS M 400 plat- Three different sets of arms are available for the smaller 84A40-
form, the AMCM M 4K is tailored to produce large applica- 1 model and four for the 84A50-1. As with the Destaco 82M-3E
tions, with a height up to one meter (39.37 inches). Out-of- and TCC-2E Power Clamp series, the new double-arm power
the-box, the AMCM M 4K can produce applications from a clamps have two-part sensing and are available in three different
wide range of materials, including aluminum (AlSi10Mg), sensor variants, such as PNP and NPN. The closed design of the
nickel alloy (IN718), and copper alloy (CuCr1Zr). clamps also means that they are sealed from external contamina-
Prominent features of the new machines include: large tion and can be used in harsh operating environments. Lifetime
building volume of 450 ¥ 450 ¥ 1,000 mm; Yb fiber laser: 1 ¥ lubrication makes the clamps practically maintenance-free.
1,000 watt, 4 ¥ 400 watt or 4 ¥ 1,000 watt, optional; wave For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-488
length of 1,070 nm; scan speed during build process of up to
7.0 m/s (23 ft./sec); and a powder handling option for man- Xeon D-based Single Board Computer
ual or semi-automatic operation. Aitech (Chatsworth, CA) released its lat-
For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-474 est security-enabled SBC (single board
computer) featuring up to 16 lanes of PCIe
6U VXS Single Board Computer to handle increased data processing re-
Abaco Systems (Huntsville, AL) an- quirements, while protecting the board
nounced the DSP221, an extension from data attacks and cyber threats. The new C878 is a 3U VPX
of the legacy DSP220, by refreshing to the board that provides Intel Xeon D level processing in a rugged, in-
latest NXP T2081 quad core processor. The DSP221 is a dustry-standard form factor. Equipped with double the Gen3 PCIe
6U VXS single board computer with Power ArchitectureTM Data Plane lanes as Aitech’s C877, the rugged SBC was specifically
AMP CPU with eight e6500 virtual cores (4 cores, dual designed using a modern, high-bandwidth bus architecture.
threaded with AltiVec co-processing). It includes 8 GB DDR3 The C878 uses the same cybersecurity architecture as the
SDRAM with ECC single bank, 512 MB NOR flash, 32 GB C877—Aitech’s proprietary AiSecure—to provide secure trans-
NAND flash solid-state drive, 512 kB non-volatile nvSRAM, 2x mission of sensitive data. Intel security includes Trusted Platform
independent PMC/XMC sites, 2¥ 10/100/1000BASE-T Ether- and Secure Boot as well as a BIOS Guard based on TXT TPM 2.0
net, 2¥ RS232 ports, 4¥ single-ended GPIO (5V tolerant), and and BIOS security. The onboard SATA SSD, up to 1 TB, supports
has a Baseboard Management Module (BMM). Standard soft- write protection, secure and quick erase in addition to disk data
ware options including Uboot, PBIT, CIBIT, and VxWorks® 7 encryption using AES 256 keys. A battery-backed tamper detec-
(SR0630). Linux Yocto distribution is available on request. tion signal ensures system level protection.
For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-495 For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-475

Product Spotlight
New Products MULTIPHYSICS
MODELING AND
SIMULATION
APPLICATIONS
COMSOL Multiphysics® is a soft-
ware environment for creating
physics-based models and simu-
lation applications. Add-on
Optical Beamforming Technology products provide tools for electromagnetics, structur-
al, acoustics, fluid flow, heat transfer, and chemical sim-
Isotropic Systems (Reading, UK) announced an an- ulations. Interfacing products offer a unified workflow
tenna evaluation and development contract with the with all major technical computing and CAD tools.
Defense Innovation Unit (DIU) to test the ability of its COMSOL Compiler™ and COMSOL Server™ are used
for deploying simulation applications to colleagues
patented multi-beam antennas to unlock high-pow- and customers. https://www.comsol.com/products
ered bandwidth aboard next-gen Naval vessels at sea.
The DIU is reviewing Isotropic Systems’ patented beamforming antenna technologies COMSOL, Inc.
and circuits as an enabler to fuse multi-band, multi-orbit commercial and military ca- Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/76506-777
pacity to deliver intelligence data at the tactical edge over a single platform.
The collaboration contract is focused on the delivery of a low-profile, high-perfor- POTTING
mance, affordable and customizable antenna to support multiple links over multi- COMPOUND
ple bands of satellite capacity, including S-, C-, Ka-, Ku-, X-, and Q-band connectiv- FEATURES
ity. Isotropic Systems’ high-performance terminal features optical lens modules that LOW CTE
are conformal to the limited real estate aboard Navy ships, providing an antenna de- Master Bond EP42HT-
sign that delivers seamless make-before-break switching between satellites in multi- 3AO is a two component, moderate viscosity epoxy
with good flow properties. It is ideal for small to
ple orbits, and continuous connectivity during turbulent pitch-and-roll conditions moderate size encapsulating, potting and casting
facing vessels traversing rough seas. applications. EP42HT-3AO is designed to optimize
For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-471 heat dissipation properties, and improve the quality
and reliability of electronic devices subjected to ther-
mo-mechanical stresses. http://www.masterbond.com/
Class AB High-Power Amplifiers tds/ep42ht-3ao
Fairview Microwave Inc. (Irvine, CA), an Infinite Electronics
brand, has released a new series of Class AB broadband high- Master Bond
power amplifier modules that incorporate GaN, LDMOS or
VDMOS semiconductor technology. Fairview’s comprehensive Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/76506-778
new line of class AB broadband high-power amplifiers consists of
18 new models spanning frequency bands from 20 MHz to 18 A WORLD OF FIBER OPTIC
GHz. These designs are unconditionally stable and operate in a 50 Ohm environment. SOLUTIONS
They offer power gain up to 53 dB and saturated output power levels from 10 Watts to
200 Watts. This line includes 2 new heatsink modules with DC controlled cooling fans
specifically designed for the 18 new models to ensure optimum baseplate temperature
for highly reliable performance.
These compact coaxial packages utilize N-Type or SMA connectors and have inte- • T1/E1 & T3/E3 Modems, WAN
grated D-Sub control connectors for DC bias, enabled with TTL logic control and • RS-232/422/485 Modems and Multiplexers
temperature and current sense functions. The rugged assemblies can withstand rel- • Profibus-DP, Modbus
• Ethernet LANs
ative humidity exposure up to 95% maximum and operate over a wide temperature • Video/Audio/Hubs/Repeaters
range from -20°C to +60°C. • USB Modem and Hub
For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-479 • Highly shielded Ethernet, USB (Tempest Case)
• ISO-9001
http://www.sitech-bitdriver.com
Tabletop Microdispensing Station
nScrypt (Orlando, FL) has delivered and installed a Factory in
S.I. Tech
a Tool (FiT) platform to France’s Center for Technology Transfers Free Info at http://info.hotims.com/76506-779
in Ceramics (CTTC). CTTC plans to use the FiT to print fine con-
ductive lines conformally on various substrates. Become an INSIDER
CTTC selected a 3Dn-Tabletop (Single-Head), multi-material, Start your free subscription
precision ball screw motion platform with a rotary stage, which to Tech Briefs’ INSIDER
is outfitted with a SmartPump™ microdispensing tool head and e-mail newsletter to keep
pace with the latest tech-
nVision cameras that monitor the tool head for automated in-
nology advances and licens-
process inspection and computer vision routines. The system also includes a point ing opportunities in aero-
laser height sensor for Z-tracking and mapping for conformal printing onto objects space, electronics, photon-
ics, manufacturing, and
of any surface shape.
other key fields.
The FiT’s SmartPump™ microdispensing tool head eliminates drooling with pico-
liter volumetric control and boasts the widest range of materials available for any
microdispensing system: more than 10,000 commercially available materials, rang-
ing from a few centipoise (like water) to millions of centipoise (much thicker than
peanut butter). The SmartPump’s™ pen tip has the smallest commercially available
diameter of 10 microns. www.techbriefs.com/insider
For Free Info Visit http://info.hotims.com/76506-476

Publisher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Joseph T. Pramberger
Ad Index
Editorial Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Linda L. Bell
Advertiser Page Web Link
Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bruce A. Bennett
AirBorn, Inc. ................................................................38 ......................................................................www.airborn.com
Digital Editorial Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Billy Hurley
Associate Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Edward Brown Arnold Magnetic Technologies ............................29, 54..............................................www.arnoldmagnetics.com
Content Strategist, Audience Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Kendra Smith
Atrenne Computing Solutions,
Production Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Adam Santiago
a Celestica Company ..............................................2, 54..................................................................www.atrenne.com
Production Coordinator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .James Rodriguez
Creative Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lois Erlacher Aurora Bearing Co.....................................................42..........................................................www.aurorabearing.com
Graphic Designer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Annette Murphy
Click Bond, Inc. ..........................................................11 ....................................................................www.clickbond.com
Marketing Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Kaitlyn Sommer
Marketing Coordinator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sam Mills Coilcraft CPS ..............................................................22..............................................................www.coilcraft-cps.com
Marketing Coordinator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Aimee Carmer
COMSOL, Inc.................................................................46, 63, Cover 4..........................................................comsol.com
Audience Development Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Christine Oldenbrook
Audience Development Coordinator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Stacey Nelson Crystal Group, Inc......................................................5, 47......................................................www.crystalrugged.com
Audience Development/Circulation Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Erykah Davis
CS Hyde Company ....................................................30, 55 ................................................................www.cshyde.com
Subscription Changes/Cancellations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ADT@OMEDA.com
1-866-351-1125 DARcorporation ........................................................34, 55................................................................www.darcorp.com
TECH BRIEFS MEDIA GROUP, AN SAE INTERNATIONAL COMPANY
261 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1901, New York, NY 10016
Essex Industries, Inc.................................................61 ........................................................www.essexindustries.com
(212) 490-3999 FAX (646) 829-0800
FCI Aerospace ............................................................15, 56 ......................................................www.fciaerospace.com
Chief Executive Officer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Domenic A. Mucchetti
Executive Vice-President . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Luke Schnirring Fotofab..........................................................................43, 56 ................................................................www.fotofab.com
Technology Director . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Oliver Rockwell
GAGE BILT Inc. ............................................................31, 57................................................................www.gagebilt.com
Digital Development Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Peter Bonavita
Digital Production Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Howard Ng Gemstar Manufacturing..........................................35 ........................................................................gemstarmfg.com
Digital Media Associate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Md Jaliluzzaman
Indium Corporation..................................................42 ........................................................................www.indium.com
Digital Media Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Rowena Pagarigan
Digital Production Associate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Andrew Greenberg Infinite Electronics/Milestek..................................13 ................................................................................milestek.com
Digital Production Associate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Symba Wong
John Evans’ Sons, Inc. ............................................19 ..................................................................springcompany.com
Credit & Collection Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Stacie Pointek
Credit/Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Felecia Lahey Kaman Precision Products ....................................7, 48................................................................kamansensors.com
Accounting/Human Resources Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sylvia Bonilla
Kontron ........................................................................33, 57................................................................www.kontron.com
A/R Credit & Collection Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Crystal Ortiz
Office Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Alfredo Vasquez Master Bond Inc.........................................................63..............................................................www.masterbond.com
ADVERTISING ACCOUNT EXECUTIVES maxon ..........................................................................36, 58..........................................................www.maxongroup.us
MA, NH, ME, VT, RI, Eastern Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ed Marecki
(401) 351-0274 Mini-Systems, Inc.......................................................25 ................................................................mini-systemsinc.com
CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Stan Greenfield
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(203) 938-2418
MW Industries, Inc.....................................................1, 49 ....................................www.mwaerospacesolutions.com
NJ, PA, DE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .John Murray New Wave Design & Verification ..........................39, 58 ........................................................www.newwavedv.com
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (973) 409-4685
Southeast, TX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ray Tompkins Opal Kelly ....................................................................3, 50................................................................www.opalkelly.com
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(281) 313-1004
NY, OH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Ryan Beckman
PIC Wire & Cable ........................................................40, 59 ................................................................www.picwire.com
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(973) 409-4687
Pickering Interfaces ................................................51, Cover 3............................................www.pickeringtest.com
MI, IN, WI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chris Kennedy
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(847) 498-4520 ext. 3008 Pico Electronics ........................................................9, 52 ..................................................www.picoelectronics.com
MN, ND, SD, IL, KY, MO, KS, IA, NE, Central Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Bob Casey
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(847) 223-5225 RAD Torque Systems ................................................Cover 2, 53 ................................................www.radtorque.com
Northwest, N. Calif., Western Canada . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Twyla Sulesky
(408) 779-0005
S.I. Tech ........................................................................63........................................................www.sitech-bitdriver.com
S. Calif., AZ, NM, Rocky Mountain States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tim Powers Specialty Coating Systems, Inc ............................32, 59 ..................................................................scscoatings.com
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(908) 892-2838
Europe — Central & Eastern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sven Anacker UAV Technology 2020 - Virtual Conference..........44 ........................................................www.uav-technology.org
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49-202-27169-11
Joseph Heeg
Ultra Motion ................................................................37, 60 ..................................................................ultramotion.com
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49-621-841-5702
Verisurf Software Inc...............................................26, 60................................................................www.verisurf.com
Europe — Western . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Chris Shaw
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44-1270-522130
Integrated Media Consultants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Patrick Harvey
Aerospace & Defense Technology, ISSN 2472-2081, USPS 018-120. Periodicals postage paid at New
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Reprints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jill Kaletha
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(219) 878-6068 August 2020, Volume 5, Number 7

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www.aerodefensetech.

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Aerospace & Defense Technology 08.2020

Aerospace & Defense Technology 08.2020