21ST CENTURY NOTES

Spain was one of the most powerful nation in 1500.

This time different nations would race each other to be the first to settle in and claim
different areas.
Three Objectives for taking the Philippine Islands
According to historians, there were three objectives for taking the Philippine Islands.
1. First, it was seen as an opportunity to spread Roman Catholic Church, which had
become quite powerful in Europe
2. To gain wealth to the spice trade in Asia
3. To gain political power and claim many lands as possible.
Ferdinand Magellan, discovered Philippine island, he was warmly received by native
tribes but some were not. Spain continued to send expedition since 1564. War erupted
between two nations
Friars in the Philippines:
A member of any of certain religious orders of men, especially the four mendicant
orders
Augustinians, Jesuits, Dominicans, Franciscans, and Recollect
 Women had no freedom to study in university
 Women are permitted to engage business
 Women were kept in seclusion at home or in school exclusively for girls, they
were trained to rigid rules and conduct, to cook, to sew, to embroider and to
know music
Three Social Classes in Spain:
 Upper Class
 Middle Class
 Lower Class

System of Writing during the Spanish Regime: LATIN ALPHABET

Spanish Missionaries: Education, Churches, New Crops, New Industries, Hospital/

Asylums, Founder of towns, Forms of amusement, New technology, Arts and museums,
Manner of Dressing, Spanish Names.
Three Types of Literature that Existed in the Philippines before Spaniards
Arrived:
1. Panulaan or “Poetry” – Sprang from sources close to Relationship, Social Institutions,
Religious, and Political organizations of the Ancient Filipinos.
Our Ancient forbearers sang while sailing, tilling the fields, feasting, mourning the dead.
To maintain the tempo of the verses, commonly used gongs, metal bells, kudyapi or
kulintang
Types of Poetry:
Riddle or Bugtong
Proverb/Maxim or Salawikain at Kasabihan
Whisper or Bulong
Folk Songs or Awiting Bayan
Tanaga
Epic or Epiko

2. Tuluyan or “Tale” – Long before tales were committed to writing, it was narrated. The
attempts to Ancient Filipinos to explain physical forces and divine powers led to believe
for gods and demi gods – spirits who are supposed to direct the fortune and destiny of
men. Belief in this native spirit led to creation of tales.
Types of Tales:
Myth – Explains how the world was created
Legend – Explains the origin of things
Fable – used animal characters
Fantastic Story – Deals with underworld characters such as “Tyanak” “Aswang”
“Kapre” etc.

3. Dula or “Drama” – Playforms early Filipinos are simple and crude in nature. There is
no formal staging, no formal costumes, and no plot. Their only goal is to bring laughter
and entertainment.
Types of Drama:
 Dance
Ritual
Some Literary pieces present during the Pre-colonial Period:
1. Mariang Makiling – it is about a young woman who lived on a beautiful mountains that
separates the province of laguna and tayabas. Her dwelling place was never known
because those who had encountered her would be lost in the woods.
2. The Sparrow and the Shrimp – it’s a about a sparrow who fell in love with a little
shrimp he saw hanging on to a rock, he courted the shrimp for a very long time until the
shrimp fell in love and got married. Sometimes they would stay in the water sometimes
they would stay in the field of hay, until one day the shrimp died, the sparrow then
promised to never leave her, this promise led to his unfortunate death on fire.

LESSONS FROM BRIGHTSPACE

 When the Spaniards came, there was an immediate shift on the focus of literature. It
became centered on the Christian faith, and the stories about natural phenomena
suddenly became all about the lives of saints and other religious hymns. Slowly,
Philippine literature started to emulate the traditional Spanish ways of themes and forms
in writing, including the repetitive plots and obvious shadowy characters. Despite these
changes, Filipino still found a way to make Spanish literature their own, as shown
through these common kinds:
 Corrido- a legendary religious narrative form that usually details the lives of
saints or the history of a tradition.
 Awit- a chivalric poem about a hero, usually about saint; also usually sung and
used in religious processions
 Pasyon-a narrative poem about the life of Jesus Christ. This is usually sung
during the Lenten season. Many women were trained before to perform the
Pasyon. Nowadays, it is sung by seasoned performers in churches nationwide.
 Cenaculo- the dramatization of the passion of Christ. It highlights the sufferings
and death of Jesus Christ, and it is also done during Lenten season.
  Moro-moro or Comedia de capa y espada- is a blood-and-thunder melodrama
depicting the conflict of Christian and Muslims. It is usually about battles to the
death and the proofs of faith
 Carillo- a play that uses shadows as its main spectacles. This is created by
animating figures made from cardboard, which are projected onto a white screen.
 Tibag-is the dramatic reenactment of St. Helena’s search for the Holy Cross.
 Duplo or Karagatan- are native dramas that are connected to Catholic mourning
rituals and harvest celebrations.
Zarzuela- is probably one of the most famous forms of entertainment back in Spanish
era. These are musical comedies or melodramas that deal with the elemental passion of
human rights.