2018 International Conference on Communication, Information & Computing Technology (ICCICT), Feb.
2-3, Mumbai, India
Design of Wideband Monopole Square microstrip
patch antenna
Karishma D. Girase
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication
G.E.S.'s R. H. Sapat college of Engineering
Management Studies and Research,
Nashik, India
karishma5453@gmail.com*
Abstract—A microstrip fed square patch antenna for
wideband application is presented in this paper. The proposed
antenna is designed to operate at 3GHz. Overall dimensions of
antenna are 45×30 mm2. FR4 substrate having dielectric constant
4.4 is used. Bandwidth enhancement is achieved by introducing
defected ground structure(DGS),offset feed and modified patch
technique. CAD FEKO simulation software is used for
simulation. Fractional bandwidth of 229% with gain of 2.36 dBi
is achieved.
Keywords—monopole, wideband, defected ground structure
I. INTRODUCTION
Printed microstrip patch antennas have attracted
much attention due to is low profile, lightweight and ease of
fabrication. However, its narrow bandwidth is a limitation for
high data rate communication applications. Printed monopole
antennas are good candidates for use in wideband wireless
technology because of their wide impedance bandwidth and
nearly omni-directional radiation pattern. These antennas can
be easily integrated with other components on the PCB.
Printed monopole antennas are truly planar and have radiation
patterns similar to that of a dipole antenna [1-6].
K. P. Ray et.al presented investigations on broadband
printed rectangular monopole antenna. Systematic study has
been carried out to demonstrate the effect of patch width and
feeding techniques on the impedance bandwidth of the printed
rectangular monopole antenna [1]. Amit Deshmukh et.al
proposed ultra-wideband planar microstrip antenna obtained
by combining rectangular and circular shaped planar
monopole patches [2]. M. J. Ammann presented parametric
analysis of planar square monopole antenna in terms of feed
gap [3]. R .P. Labade et.al proposed and investigated the
design and optimization of low cost, wideband, compact
printed rectangular ultra wide band (UWB) antenna at lower
edge. Antenna is having a rectangular patch and modified
ground structure. Bandwidth enhancement is obtained by
modifying the destructive ground plane structure (DGS) [4].
K. P. Ray et.al described that for antennas with wide
bandwidth, the lower band edge frequency (FL) is the main
design parameter rather than the central resonance frequency
[5]. K. P. Ray et.al proposed offset feeding as bandwidth
enhancement technique. Bandwidth is also improved by using
square monopole antenna with semicircular base [6]. R. R.
978-1-5386-2051-9/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
Mandar P. Joshi
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication
G.E.S.'s R. H. Sapat college of Engineering
Management Studies and Research,
Nashik, India
mandarjoshi11@gmail.com
Patil et.al proposed the antenna which incorporates a
symmetrical bevelling technique of radiator element which
leads to enhance the impedance bandwidth [10]. J. S. Row
presented the design of a wideband patch antenna with
monopole-like conical radiation patterns. The antenna has a
square patch that is shorted to the ground plane through two
shorting walls and is excited by a top-loaded coaxial feed
centered below the square patch. Several prototypes with
various antenna heights are implemented and measured [12].
In this paper, square microstrip patch antenna for
wideband application using microstrip feed is presented.
Bandwidth is improved by using offset feed, modified patch
and defected ground structure. This paper is organized in
following sections. Section I depicts introduction, Section II
explains the antenna design, Section III presents results and
discussion. Conclusion is presented in Section IV.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
The proposed design is simulated and fabricated by
using FR4 substrate having thickness 1.6mm and dielectric
constant 4.4. Substrate dimensions are 45×30 mm2. Length and
width of patch are equals to the quarter wavelength of
resonating frequency. Length of patch is taken as L = 15 mm.
The feed gap is adjusted to 2 mm between patch and ground.
Length and width of ground plane is taken as 21mm and 30
mm respectively. Width of feed line(Wf) is calculated as 3 mm
[16]. Based on the above dimensions the antenna is simulated,
fabricated and tested. Fig.1 shows the geometry of the
proposed antenna and fig.2 shows the photograph of the
fabricated antenna.
Fig.1: Geometry of antenna
 2018 International Conference on Communication, Information & Computing Technology (ICCICT), Feb. 2-3, Mumbai, India

in terms of reflection coefficients of antenna-I,II,III is shown

fig.5.

(a) (b)
Fig.2: Photograph of the fabricated antenna (a)Top view,(b)Bottom view

The design evolution process of proposed antenna

carried out for bandwidth enhancement is shown in Fig.3.

Fig.5: Analysis of bandwidth for antenna I,II,III

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Initially, the proposed antenna has been simulated in
MoM based CAD FEKO. Antenna resonates at multiple
resonating frequencies of 2.78GHz, 5.19GHz, 9.0GHz with
gain 2.36, 3.21, 2.98dBi respectively. Fractional bandwidth of
229% is achieved. Multiple higher order modes are introduced
due to DGS which eventually gives the wideband
Fig.3: Design evolution process response.Fig.6 shows simulated reflection coefficients. Fig.7
shows simulated VSWR characteristics. Fig.8 shows the
Antenna I is a simple square microstrip patch antenna radiation pattern of the antenna. Maximum gain achieved in
which has a partial ground and achieves 133% fractional both E-plane and H-plane is 2.36dBi. The radiation pattern in
bandwidth. To get the wideband response patch shape is E-plane shows "figure of eight" and in H-plane shows almost
modified by cutting all corners in square shape. The length omni-directional radiation characteristic. Fig.9 shows
and width of corner square shape is optimized to 2 mm simulated surface current distribution at 2.78GHz. Table-I
through various design iterations. Also, feed position is shifted shows various parameters of antenna-I,II,III.
by 1.5mm on right hand side which enhances the fractional
bandwidth up to 146%. Keeping the patch dimensions same TABLE I. VARIOUS PARAMETERS OF ANTENNA
with width of feed line equals to 3mm, feed position is varied
Resonating Fractional Gain
so as to achieve good impedance matching which enhances the
frequency[fr] bandwidth (dBi)
bandwidth. The feed offset has been varied from 0 to 3mm,
(GHz) (%)
selected as y=0,1,1.5,2,3 and its simulated reflection
coefficients are given in Fig.4. Antenna-I 3.26 133 2.71
Antenna-II 2.93 146 2.56
Antenna-III 2.78 229 2.36

Fig.4:Simulated reflection coefficients of proposed antenna for feed position

variation for y=0,1,1.5,2,3
Fig.6: Simulated reflection coefficient for Antenna-III
Further, to enhance the bandwidth, defected ground
structure in ground plane has been implemented. After several
design iterations radius of DGS is optimized and selected as
5mm and the length and width of the rectangular cuts are kept
as 10mm and 9.2mm respectively. The overall fractional
bandwidth obtained due to DGS is 229%. Parametric analysis

978-1-5386-2051-9/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

 2018 International Conference on Communication, Information & Computing Technology (ICCICT), Feb. 2-3, Mumbai, India
Fig.7: Simulated VSWR of proposed Antenna-III
Fig.8:Simulated radiation pattern of Antenna-III
Fig.9:Simulated current distribution of antenna-III at 2.78GHz
The proposed microstrip-fed monopole antenna was
designed with CAD FEKO simulation software. The
measurement for VSWR of the antenna was achieved by
connecting the antenna to a vector network analyzer Agilent
N9916A via coaxial cable. Fig.10 shows the experimental
result for VSWR. The measured and simulated results are in
agreement, however slight variation in measured results are
observed due to fabrication tolerances.
978-1-5386-2051-9/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
Fig.10:Measured VSWR of proposed antenna
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a square monopole antenna with wide
bandwidth for wireless communication is proposed. In this
work, wideband performance is obtained by introducing
offset feed, DGS and modified patch shape. The proposed
antenna can operate from 2.47 to 9.28 GHz with overall
fractional bandwidth of 229%. Simulated and experimental
results of proposed antenna are in agreement to be used for
wireless communication applications.
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978-1-5386-2051-9/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE