Name: Rio Awitin 16-477/5:40PM-7:10PM 30/08/2020

2.4 Foundations of Globalizations (Human Rights) - Formative Assessment

1. Explain the difference between the following and provide a brief explanation for each:
a) 2 school of thoughts on the origin of human rights: natural law vs positivism
Natural law is inherent and may not require government enforcement, while positive
laws are the legal ones that people are typically expected to follow. Legal positivists may feel
that for a law to be valid, it should be codified, or written down, and recognized by some type
of government authority.
b) negative vs positive rights
Fundamentally, positive rights require others to provide you with either a good or
service. A negative right, on the other hand, only requires others to abstain from interfering
with your actions.
2. Name the documents that constituted what is known collectively as the International Bill of
Rights and provide brief explanation of each.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a document that acts like a global
road map for freedom and equality – protecting the rights of every individual, everywhere.
The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) attempts to ensure the
protection of civil and political rights. It was adopted by the United Nations' General Assembly
on December 19, 1966, and it came into force on March 23, 1976.
The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is an
international human rights treaty adopted in 1966. It ensures the enjoyment of economic,
social and cultural rights, including the rights to: education, fair and just conditions of work.
3. Aside from those mentioned in the text, give another possible emerging human rights and
provide a brief explanation why you think it should be considered as a human right.
Terrorism and violent extremism are among the most serious threats to global human
rights and security. As such, in order for any strategy to combat violent extremism to be
successful and avoid becoming self-defeating, must rely on a human rights-based approach.
Including initiatives on combatting religious intolerance, protecting human rights while
countering terrorism, and enhancing human rights education; and provide policymakers with
recommendations on how to develop more effective strategies – at the national and
international level, which both effectively prevent violent extremism and promote the full
enjoyment of human rights.