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Research Article ISSN: 2395 -5775 PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING,
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF
METHANOL EXTRACT IN RAMBUTAN FRUIT (NEPHELIUM
LAPPACIUM) EPICARP AGAINST THE HUMAN PATHOGENS
Nethaji R, Thooyavan G, Mullai Nilla K and Ashok
K*
Abstract
A large number of the plants are claimed to possess the antibiotic properties in the traditional
system and are also used extensively by the tribal people throughout the world. It is now mostly
thought that nature has given the cure of every disease in one form or another. Plants have been
known to cure people from various diseases in Ayurveda. Effects of crude extract of the Nephelium
lappaceum epicarp were studied for the antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The research showed
against reactive oxygen species that are formed during oxidative stress. Key
Words:
Phytochemical profiling, antimicrobial activity and antioxidant activity
Dur-India) as a health food supplement selling at
INTRODUCTION US$9 for a dozen bottles, each containing 63
ablets [1]. Several medicinal investigations on the
Rambutan fruit is one of the most interesting of all
validity of this belief have been conducted with
tropical fruits widely known and revered in South
conclusion [2-3].
East Asia as the” King of Fruits”. The fruits arevarying
distinctive for its large size, unique odor and a
The custard-like flesh has an exquisite flavor and is
formidable thorn covered hersk. The custard-like
at the same time aromatic and sweet with a
flesh has an exquisite flavor and is at the same
strange balsamic taste. Rambutan has been
time aromatic and sweet with a strange balsamic
taste.Rambutan has been claimed that the fruitclaimed that the fruit possess great rejuvenating
possess great rejuvenating power. The Rambutanpower [4]. Traditional systems of
fruits from the genus D urio belonging to themedicine,ayurveda were the basis of the health
Durionaceae family. In the 1920s, Rambutan fruit
care system in India until early years of twentieth
products, Inc.,of New York City launched a product
century.According to an estimation of world health drugs are
prepared from excretory plant product
organization approximately 80% of people in such as gum, resin and latex. Not only, that
developing countries rely on traditional plant-derived drug offers a stable market worldwide,
medicinesfor primary health care needs but also plants continue to be an important source
[5].
for new drugs [8]. The scientific study of traditional
Rambutan fruit is one of the most interesting of all
medicines, derivation
of drugs through bio
tropical fruits widely known and revered in South
prospecting and systematic conservation of the
East Asia as the” King of Fruits”. The fruits areconcerned medicinal plants are thus of great
important. Many phytochemical found in fruits act
distinctive for its large size, unique odor and a
formidable thorn covered hersk [6]. as powerful antioxidants that give them color,
Zoology, Presidency College, Chennai- 600 005, Tamil Nadu, India. Correpondence and Reprint Requests: Ashok K Received: Se p te mbe r 25 , 2015 |
Accepted: November 5, 2015 | Published Online: November 28 , 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0) Conflict of interest: None declared | Source of funding: Nil
Ashok K et al.,
Nephelium lappaceum Linn., commonly known as rambutan which belongs to the family of
Sapindaceae, is an attractive tropical fruit widely distributed in South-East Asia, especially in
especially as a remedy for diabetes and high blood pressure [11-12]. Rambutan contains a
Medicinal plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial agents. There is also an urgent need
to
search for new antimicrobial compounds with novel mechanisms of action because there has
been an alarming increase in the incidence of new and re- emerging infectious diseases [15].
yellow pericarp covered with soft spines that vary in colouring from yellow and red. They are
rambutan varieties, though various extracts of Nephelium lappaceum have been reported for
antibacterial activity [16-17].
The main target of our study is finding of phytoconstituents from epicarp methanol extract and
Table1 Phytochemical analysis of Nephelium lappaceum epicarp methanolic extract
purchased from Koyambedu fruit market, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India and were authentically
identified by Prof.
P. Jayaraman, Institute of Herbal Science, Plant Anatomy Research Centre,
West Tambarm, Chennai, India, as Sapindaceae with voucher specimen no:
PARC/2015/2126.
Extraction
Nephelium lappaceum epicarp were cut in 1⁄2 inch pieces and dried in air seven days and
finally in mechanical drier at 60-70oC. The dried samples were grinded to course powder with
Table 4 Percentage of scavenging activity of Nephelium lappaceum epicarp methanolic extract Concentration
(μg/ml) Name
of the fungi
screening involves detection of second metabolities such as carbohydrates, alkal steroids and
The test microorganisms used for antimicro analysis were clinical isolates of pneumonia, E.
Education Department, King Institute Preventive Medicine and Research, Guindy, Chen India.
Fig 2 Radical scavenging activity of Nephelium lappaceum
methanolic extract In vitro antimicrobial activity
oxidant And Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extract In Rambutan Fruit (Nephelium L Against The Human
Pathogens
Actinidia deliciosa of carried out to identify the ard
pytochemical methods as i et al., 2012
[18]. The detection of secondary carbohydrates, alkaloids, s, glycosides, flavonoids, oteins
and aminoacids.
diffusi Antimicrobial activity testing was carr agar cup method. Purified methano dissolved in
inhibitio positive, Gram-negative, and fung taken as a standard antibiotic for co results.
All the
extracts were scre antibacterial and antifu the Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
fungi Aspergillus fumigatus (10, 15, 20 and 25μg/ml) of epicarp methanol and standard
prepared in double-distilled water ephelium lappaceum epicarp Klebsiella pneumonia, C- teus vulgarius, E- A.
methanol and 5 ml of t mixed with 5 ml of methanol extra standard solution distinctly. These s
ournal of Current Innovation Research, Vol. 1, Issue 9, pp 201-206,
Nephelium lappaceum e picarp
ambutan Fruit (Nephelium Lappacium) Epicarp
for methanol extract of Nephelium Antibacterial and antifungal f methanol extract of
Nephelium against pathogenic bacterias ive and negative) and fungi were by the agar disk
diffusion method [19]. l activity testing was carried out by using ethod. Purified methanol
zone of inhibition, pure Gram- negative, and fungal strains were tandard antibiotic for
coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, s aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and the gillus fumigatus. The
distilled water using nutrient Hinton sterile agar plates were indicator
bacterial strains (108cfu)
and stay at 37°C for 3 hours. Control were carried out under similar condition rfloxacin
and
penicillin for antibacterial Ketconazole and Nysatin for antifungal standard drugs. The zones of
may be useful in therapeutic roles [23]. Alkaloids (toxic glycosides) blocks the transport of sugar
pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris but no activityDPPH test is based upon the ability of DPPH, a
stable free radical, to decolourize from purple in the
was observed in Pseudomonas auerogonesa andpresence of antioxidants. It is a direct and
in antifungal
activity methanol extract showed
dependable method for determining the radical
moderate zone of inhibition against A spergillus
scavenging action. Ascorbic acid was chosen as
the standard antioxidant for this test. The DPPH
fumigatus as shown in the figure 1A,B,C and D.
radical contains an odd electron, which is
From the
primary phytochemical screening, weresponsible for the absorbance at 517 nm and also
have been able to identify that methanol extract offor a noticeable deep purple color. When DPPH
204 International Journal of Current Innovation Research, Vol. 1, Issue 9, pp 201-206, November 2015
Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extract In Rambutan Fruit
polyphenols and tannins [33]. The antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds is mainly due to
neutralising free radicals, reducing singlet and triplet oxygen, or decomposing peroxides [34].
activity. Subsequently a variety of constituents are known from the four crude extracts which
we studied therefore,
it becomes very difficult to ascribe the antioxidant properties selectively
In conclusion, the above results showed that methanolic extract of rambutan fruit epicarp are
Furthermore, the
isolation of active constituents which are responsible for the activity is
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