1. What is an earthquake? How do human activities induce earthquake?

2. Describe the two approaches followed for the prediction of earthquakes?

3. What are plate tectonics and how they related to continental drift and sea floor spreading?
4. Explain how a subduction zone forms and what occurs at such a plate boundary
5. What is meant by focus and epicenter of an earthquake?
6. What do you understand by seismic waves? Describe various type of seismic waves.
Distinguish between them.
7. Draw the internal structure of the earth with proper leveling and distinguish between
Lithosphere and asthenosphere
8. Discuss briefly the two measures of an earthquake. Is these methods are same? Explain.
9. Describe briefly the direct and indirect effects of an earthquake
10. ‘The architect and the structural engineer must coordinate at the planning stage of the
building structure’. Comment on the statement.
11. How do functional requirement affect the building structure from the point of view of
earthquake resistance?
12. In what way is the earthquake resistance of a structure affected by (a) non- symmetry and
(b) elongated shape of buildings?
13. Simplicity and symmetry are the key to making a building earthquake resistant. Explain
the concept with the help of examples
14. A building should exhibit ductile behavior in earthquake prone regions. Do you agree
with this statement? If yes, then give the measures and provisions to make the building
ductile.
15. Irregularities of mass, stiffness, and strength are not desirable in buildings situated in
earthquake prone areas. Describe using diagrams how these occur and affect the building.
16. If a building is to be constructed on the slope of a hilly area, what precautions will have to
be exercised during.
17. State the reasons for the poor performances of masonry buildings in seismic areas.
18. Discuss the behavior of the following masonry walls in seismic regions.
a) Unreinforced masonry walls
b) Reinforced masonry walls
c) Infill Walls
d) Box-action of walls
19. Describe the various earthquake-resistant features that can be introduced in a masonry
building to make it earthquake resistant.
20. Define bands, at what levels in a masonry building would you provide them? Give
justifications for each of them.
21. Why is timber supposed to be one of the best materials for construction of earthquake-
resistant buildings? What are the limitations?
22. State the advantages of using concrete over brick masonry for buildings in seismic areas.
What are the limitations of using concrete and how are these overcome in buildings?
23. What are the possible damages to RCC buildings in earthquake-prone regions?
24. What are the principles of earthquake-resistant design of RCC buildings?
25. What are the factors that make steel the most ideal material for earthquake resistance?
26. State and discuss briefly the considerations for achieving adequate performance of steel
buildings.

27. What are the causes of instability of steel buildings? Discuss in details the P-Δ effect.
28. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different types of steel frames that can be
provided in a building in an earthquake prone region.
29. Why is bracing of building frames done in earthquake prone areas?