MEASURE THE EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD WITH

ROTARY COIL
Nurul Muthmainnah Herman*,Meiliyanti,Dwi Maryanti Putri

Modern Physics Laboratory of Physics Departement Mathematic and Science Faculty

State University of Makassar

Abstract.After done this experiment with tittle to measure the earth magnetic field with
rotating coil.Objectives of this experiment are determine the earth magnetic field component
which are consist of three part they are from the x axis, y axis, and z axis.To collect data from
apparatus will do by CASSY program.Function of CASSY program is recording data of time and
voltage when the coil is rotating.Result of this experiment is the value of earth magnetic field
component for Bx we found , for By we found , and Bz we found .

KEYWORD: Earth Magnetic Field,Inclination Angle and Revolution Time.

INTRODUCTION At that time,in 1950,Van Allen was

For the vast universe, the earth used
some small points that are among
billions of other celestial objects.At the
faithful time,the universe is a process of
formation and destruction of a large
amount of materials and energy.In the
process-this prose,radiation and nuclear
particles tersebat everywhere including
space junk that were moving in all
directions.This means that,every time
the earth that we live in is always in
danger of very serious consequence that
cosmic events.How on earth we
survived the devastating attack ?
One of the defense mechanisms of
the earth against outside threats,
especially by nuclear radiation from
solar storm (solar wind) is the magnetic
field of the earth.The magnetic
field,which still not fully understood by
scientists, capturing high-energy
particles,generally in the form of protons
and electrons.Area of the earth magnetic
field that traps particles of the high -
speed nuclear form a belt which was
first discovered by a team of American
scientists under the leadership of James
A.Van Allen.
head of the physics department at the
University of Iowa.He developed a
small rocket and launch it to study the
upper atmosphere and cosmic rays at an
altitude of 250,000 feet.Homemade
rocket that was first only reached 50,000
feet in a balloon but kemudain can be
launched up to a height of 250,000 feet
(48 miles).Van Allen and his team made
rocket called them as rocket- balloon
abbreviated”rockoons” (from the rockets
and balloons).Rockoons is then brought
a single Geiger tube with telemetry
equipment to measure cosmic ray
intensity when the light passes Geiger
tube and will be detected as a”click”.
In 1956 he submitted a proposal to
the National Science Foundation to
continue its program rockoons using the
latest satellite is planned to be able to
reach a height of hundreds of miles.At
this height,it will be a tremendous
opportunity to investigate the origin of
cosmic rays, and ”primary radiation
aurora ”that mysterious yet no one can
find the time.James finally accepted the
proposal and cosmic ray experiments
Lowa designed and will be conducted on
the next satellite launch.
 On 31 January 1958 redstone (look the figure 1) the voltage amplitude
rocket developed for cosmic ray is given by,
experiments and carrying satellites
launched Lowa explorer 1.After √
reaching a height of several hundred
miles,pancacah Geiger began counting
thousands of”clicks”of particles that
pass through satellites every minute of
it.”Space turns out to be
radioactive”.Van Allen said in his
surprise at this result.Further analysis of
these data indicate the existence of a
radiation belt around the earth.The
radiation belt and was named the Van
Allen radiation belts.

THEORY

Review an induction coil with a Figure 1.Composition of the experimental

coil number of N and the cross sectional apparatus
area .when the coil such rotated
with the angular velocity in a uniform This value induced into the Earth
magnetic field B, diameter d, as the coil
axis, then the resulting magnetic flux Φ magnetic field ⃗ ( )
by

( ) for reasons of symmetry,applies to;

Φ

magnetic field B can be determined √

from the amplitude of the induced
voltage V,
√
( ) the next by using the equations (5).(7)
and (8) obtained geomagnetic field
using the time revolution of he components;
peak value

of AC induction given by √

√
With,

when the coil is directed to the rotation

axis z the total value of Earth magnetic field to
be;
 RESULT OF EXPERIMENT AND
√ DATA ANALYSIS

For this experiment, we got the

√ data of Relationship between
Voltage(V) and the Periode (T) in x, y,
and z axis in graphic that shown on
angle from the direction of Earth below :
magnetic field Ø equation:
0.4

√ 0.2
√

U (mV)
0
0 10 20 30
the equation above of mathematical
-0.2
correctly, this value will likely negative
root when the measurements carried out
around the equator. -0.4 t (s)
Figure 2.Graph for X Axis
METHOD OF EXPERIMENT
From the graphic above, we got
Apparatus : that there are four waves with T value
(2.2; 4.4) and the voltage is (0.331;
1. Pair of Helmholtz coils 0.321; 0.317; 0.306) for the means of Tx
2. Sensor Cassy is 2 s
3. MV-Box
4. Cassy Lab ( )
5. Connecting cable Ø 2.5 mm2, 200 ( )
cm, red
6. Connecting cable Ø2.5 mm2, 200
cm, blue
7. Experiment motors
8. Control experiment unit for motors 0.4
9. PC with windows 2000 or above
0.2
Method of this experiment is begun
U (mV)

from turned on the computer, CASSY 0

lab, then choose the CASSY menu.Set 0 5 10 15 20 25
engine velocity to the zero value.After -0.2
that turned on the engine then increase
the velocity slowly until close to 0.3 -0.4
rev/s.The next method was set two t (s)
connector until winding the engine Figure 3.Graph for Y Axis
experiment but firm that the winding
was not till to the end.After that did the From the graphic above, we got
data record of induction voltage that there are four waves with T value
experiment as the time function with (1.3; 3.6) and the voltage is (0.344;
press F9 or click the start menu. 0.342; 0.346; 0.344).for the means of Ty
is 4.8 s
 ( )
( )
( )

0.6
0.4
0.2 ( )
U (mV)

0
-0.2 0 10 20 30
-0.4
Next, we can use the equation of Bx, By,
-0.6 Bz to determine the earth magnetic field
t (s)
Figure 4.Graph for Z Axis component

From the graphic above, we got For

that there are four waves with T value
(1.9; 4.3; 6.8; 9.3) and the voltage is ( )
(0.418; 0.409; 0.401; 0.428).For the √
means of Tz is 2.4 s

( ) So,
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
√
( )

The data of result magnetic field

component was shown in the table
below : For
Table 1.Conclution Result of Magnetic Fild
Component
√
X Y Z
Axis Axis Axis
Voltage
0,318 0,344 0,414 So,
(V)
Period
2 2,3 2,4
(s) ( ) ( ) ( )
√
( )
To measure the top value we used the
formula

For

So,
√
( )

So,
 ( ) ( ) ( )
√ there are three component of magnetic
( )
Then, the inclination angle of earth
magnetic field we used the equation
√ directions.This means that, every time
√ the earth that we live in is always in
The magnetic field is the space
around the magnetic poles, which
pull/departure are still being felt by
another magnet. In a broad sense
Magnetic field is a field that is formed
by moving electric charges (electric
current) that causes a force on other
moving electric charge. Round quantum
mechanics of a single particle and
magnetic field round shape was
influenced by himself as current; causes
the magnetic field of the ferromagnetic
"permanent". A magnetic field is a
vector field: that is related to the vector
space of every point that can change
according to of time.
Component of the magnetic field
originating from the Earth's field is an
effect that arises because of the nature of
the earth's molten core allows the
relative motion between the core of the
earth's crust which is often called the
dynamo effect.
After done this experiment of
measure the magnetic field of earth’s
with rotating coil, we got component of
magnetic field of earth’s for Bx =
, By = , and Bz =
.
From the experiment we know that
field of earth. Why we have to know
about it? We know that At the faithful
time, the universe is a process of
formation and destruction of a large
amount of materials and energy.In the
process, radiation and nuclear particles
diverging everywhere including space
junk that were moving in all
danger of very serious consequence that
cosmic events.
In the process - this prose, radiation
and nuclear particles was divergent in
everywhere including space junk that
were moving in all directions.This
means that, every time the earth that we
live in is always in danger of very
serious consequence that cosmic events.
And the inclination angle of
magnetic field of earth’s is .
CONCLUSION
After done this experiment, we got
component of earth magnetic field for
Bx = , By = , and Bz
= while the inclination angle
of earth magnetic field is .
REFERENCE
[1] Subaer, dkk.2014.Penuntun
Praktikum Eksperimen Fisika I Unit
Laboratorium Fisika Modern Jurusan
Fisika FMIPA UNM.
[2] Leybold,Didactic GmbH, 2000,
Electro magnetic introduction,
Measuring the Earth Magnetic Field,
Huerth
[3] Serway, R.A,& Jewet, J.W., 2004,
Physics For Scientist & Engineers,6th
ed,Thomson/Cole.