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Estadística Descriptiva Unidimensional

1. Completa los datos que faltan en la tabla.

xi ni fi Ni Fi
10 2 0.05 2 0.05
13 4 0.1 6 0.15
16 10 0.25 16 0.4
19 15 0.375 31 0.775
22 6 0.15 37 0.925
25 3 0.075 40 1

2. Completa los datos que faltan en la tabla

[li,Li[ ni fi Ni
[0,10[ 60 0.3 60
[10,20[ 80 0.4 140
[20,30[ 30 0.15 170
[30,40[ 20 0.1 190
[40,50] 10 0.05 200

3. Clasifica las siguientes variables como cualitativas o cuantitativas, y estas últimas como
continuas o discretas

a) Intención de voto de un partido (cualitativa)


b) Número de correos electrónicos que recibes en un mes (cuantitativa-discreta)
c) Número de calzados (cuantitativa-discreta)
d) Número de kilómetros recorridos (cuantitativa-discreta)
e) Marcas de cerveza (cualitativa)
f) Número de empleados de una empresa (cuantitativa-discreta)
g) Altura (cuantitativa-continua)
h) Temperatura de un enfermo (cuantitativa-continua)

4. Muchas personas invierten en bolsa lo hacen para conseguir beneficios rápidos, por ello el
tiempo que mantienen las acciones es relativamente breve. Preguntada una muestra de 40
inversores habituales sobre el tiempo en meses que han mantenido sus últimas inversiones se
recogieron los siguientes datos:
10,5 11,2 9,9 15,0 11,4 12,7 16,5 10,1 12,7 11,4 11,6 6,2 7,9 8,3 10,9 8,1 3,8 10,5
11,7 8,4 12,5 11,2 9,1 10,4 9,1 13,4 12,3 5,9 11,4 8,8 7,4 8,6 13,6 14,7 11,5 11,5
10,9 9,8 12,9 9,9
Construye una tabla de frecuencias que recoja esta información y haz alguna representación gráfica.
#PUNTO N°4
>resp<c(10.5,11.2,9.9,15.0,11.4,12.7,16.5,10.1,12.7,11.4,11.6,6.2,7.9,8.3,1
0.9,8.1,3.8,10.5,11.7,8.4,12.5,11.2,9.1,10.4,9.1,10.4,9.1,13.4,12.3,5.9,11.
4,8.8,7.4,8.6,13.6,14.7,11.5,11.5,10.9,9.8,12.9,9.9);resp
[1] 10.5 11.2 9.9 15.0 11.4 12.7 16.5 10.1 12.7 11.4 11.6 6.2 7.9 8.3
10.9
[16] 8.1 3.8 10.5 11.7 8.4 12.5 11.2 9.1 10.4 9.1 10.4 9.1 13.4 12.3
5.9
[31] 11.4 8.8 7.4 8.6 13.6 14.7 11.5 11.5 10.9 9.8 12.9 9.9
> hist(resp, breaks = "Sturges", plot=F)
$`breaks`
[1] 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
$counts
[1] 1 1 3 11 16 7 2 1
$density
[1] 0.01190476 0.01190476 0.03571429 0.13095238 0.19047619 0.08333333
0.02380952
[8] 0.01190476
$mids
[1] 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17
$xname
[1] "resp"
$equidist
[1] TRUE
attr(,"class")
[1] "histogram"
> intervalos<-cut(resp,breaks=7);intervalos
[1] (9.24,11.1] (11.1,12.9] (9.24,11.1] (14.7,16.5] (11.1,12.9]
(11.1,12.9]
[7] (14.7,16.5] (9.24,11.1] (11.1,12.9] (11.1,12.9] (11.1,12.9]
(5.61,7.43]
[13] (7.43,9.24] (7.43,9.24] (9.24,11.1] (7.43,9.24] (3.79,5.61]
(9.24,11.1]
[19] (11.1,12.9] (7.43,9.24] (11.1,12.9] (11.1,12.9] (7.43,9.24]
(9.24,11.1]
[25] (7.43,9.24] (9.24,11.1] (7.43,9.24] (12.9,14.7] (11.1,12.9]
(5.61,7.43]
[31] (11.1,12.9] (7.43,9.24] (5.61,7.43] (7.43,9.24] (12.9,14.7]
(14.7,16.5]
[37] (11.1,12.9] (11.1,12.9] (9.24,11.1] (9.24,11.1] (12.9,14.7]
(9.24,11.1]
7 Levels: (3.79,5.61] (5.61,7.43] (7.43,9.24] (9.24,11.1] ... (14.7,16.5]
> tabla<-as.data.frame(table(intervalos));tabla
intervalos Freq
1 (3.79,5.61] 1
2 (5.61,7.43] 3
3 (7.43,9.24] 9
4 (9.24,11.1] 10
5 (11.1,12.9] 13
6 (12.9,14.7] 3
7 (14.7,16.5] 3
> tabla1<-transform(tabla, F.Acum=cumsum(Freq),F.R=prop.table(Freq));tabla1
intervalos Freq F.Acum F.R
1 (3.79,5.61] 1 1 0.02380952
2 (5.61,7.43] 3 4 0.07142857
3 (7.43,9.24] 9 13 0.21428571
4 (9.24,11.1] 10 23 0.23809524
5 (11.1,12.9] 13 36 0.30952381
6 (12.9,14.7] 3 39 0.07142857
7 (14.7,16.5] 3 42 0.07142857
> tabla2<-transform(tabla1, F.R.Acum=cumsum(F.R));tabla2
intervalos Freq F.Acum F.R F.R.Acum
1 (3.79,5.61] 1 1 0.02380952 0.02380952
2 (5.61,7.43] 3 4 0.07142857 0.09523810
3 (7.43,9.24] 9 13 0.21428571 0.30952381
4 (9.24,11.1] 10 23 0.23809524 0.54761905
5 (11.1,12.9] 13 36 0.30952381 0.85714286
6 (12.9,14.7] 3 39 0.07142857 0.92857143
7 (14.7,16.5] 3 42 0.07142857 1.00000000
> tabla3 <- transform(tabla2, FR.Porc = 100*F.R, FRA.Porc =
100*F.R.Acum);tabla3
intervalos Freq F.Acum F.R F.R.Acum FR.Porc FRA.Porc
1 (3.79,5.61] 1 1 0.02380952 0.02380952 2.380952 2.380952
2 (5.61,7.43] 3 4 0.07142857 0.09523810 7.142857 9.523810
3 (7.43,9.24] 9 13 0.21428571 0.30952381 21.428571 30.952381
4 (9.24,11.1] 10 23 0.23809524 0.54761905 23.809524 54.761905
5 (11.1,12.9] 13 36 0.30952381 0.85714286 30.952381 85.714286
6 (12.9,14.7] 3 39 0.07142857 0.92857143 7.142857 92.857143
7 (14.7,16.5] 3 42 0.07142857 1.00000000 7.142857 100.000000
>barplot(table(intervalos),main="Datosagrupados",col=c("1","2","3","4","5",
"6","7"))

Datos agrupados
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

(3.79,5.61] (5.61,7.43] (7.43,9.24] (9.24,11.1] (11.1,12.9] (12.9,14.7] (14.7,16.5]

5. Investigados los precios por habitación de 50 hoteles de una provincia se han obtenido los
siguientes resultados.
70 30 50 40 50 70 40 75 80 50 50 75 30 70 100 150 50 75 120 80 40 50 30 50 100 30 40 50
70 50 30 40 70 40 70 50 40 70 100 75 70 80 75 70 75 80 70 70 120 80
Determinar:
a) Distribución de frecuencias de los precios, sin agrupar y agrupando en 5 intervalos de la
misma amplitud.
b) Porcentaje de hoteles con precio superior a 75
c) ¿Cuántos tienen un precio mayor o igual que 50 pero menor o igual a 100?
d) Representa gráficamente las distribuciones del apartado a)

> #PUNTO N°5


> #SIN AGRUPAR
>precio<c(70,30,50,40,50,70,40,75,80,50,50,75,30,70,100,150,50,75,1
20,80,40,50,30,50,100,30,40,50,70,50,30,40,70,40,70,50,40,70,100,75
,70,80,75,70,75,80,70,70,120,80);precio
[1] 70 30 50 40 50 70 40 75 80 50 50 75 30 70 100
150 50 75 120
[20] 80 40 50 30 50 100 30 40 50 70 50 30 40 70 40
70 50 40 70
[39] 100 75 70 80 75 70 75 80 70 70 120 80
> table(precio)
precio
30 40 50 70 75 80 100 120 150
5 7 10 11 6 5 3 2 1
> prop.table(precio)
[1] 0.021604938 0.009259259 0.015432099 0.012345679 0.015432099
0.021604938
[7] 0.012345679 0.023148148 0.024691358 0.015432099 0.015432099
0.023148148
[13] 0.009259259 0.021604938 0.030864198 0.046296296 0.015432099
0.023148148
[19] 0.037037037 0.024691358 0.012345679 0.015432099 0.009259259
0.015432099
[25] 0.030864198 0.009259259 0.012345679 0.015432099 0.021604938
0.015432099
[31] 0.009259259 0.012345679 0.021604938 0.012345679 0.021604938
0.015432099
[37] 0.012345679 0.021604938 0.030864198 0.023148148 0.021604938
0.024691358
[43] 0.023148148 0.021604938 0.023148148 0.024691358 0.021604938
0.021604938
[49] 0.037037037 0.024691358
> cumsum(prop.table(precio))
[1] 0.02160494 0.03086420 0.04629630 0.05864198 0.07407407
0.09567901
[7] 0.10802469 0.13117284 0.15586420 0.17129630 0.18672840
0.20987654
[13] 0.21913580 0.24074074 0.27160494 0.31790123 0.33333333
0.35648148
[19] 0.39351852 0.41820988 0.43055556 0.44598765 0.45524691
0.47067901
[25] 0.50154321 0.51080247 0.52314815 0.53858025 0.56018519
0.57561728
[31] 0.58487654 0.59722222 0.61882716 0.63117284 0.65277778
0.66820988
[37] 0.68055556 0.70216049 0.73302469 0.75617284 0.77777778
0.80246914
[43] 0.82561728 0.84722222 0.87037037 0.89506173 0.91666667
0.93827160
[49] 0.97530864 1.00000000
> hist(precio,col=c("5","4","7","8","25","2"))
>

Histogram of precio

20
15
Frequency

10
5
0

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

precio

> #AGRUPADOS
>datos<c(70,30,50,40,50,70,40,75,80,50,50,75,30,70,100,150,50,75,12
0,80,40,50,30,50,100,30,40,50,70,50,30,40,70,40,70,50,40,70,100,75,
70,80,75,70,75,80,70,70,120,80);datos
[1] 70 30 50 40 50 70 40 75 80 50 50 75 30 70 100
150 50 75 120
[20] 80 40 50 30 50 100 30 40 50 70 50 30 40 70 40
70 50 40 70
[39] 100 75 70 80 75 70 75 80 70 70 120 80
> intervalos<-cut(datos,breaks=5);intervalos
[1] (54,78] (29.9,54] (29.9,54] (29.9,54] (29.9,54] (54,78]
(29.9,54]
[8] (54,78] (78,102] (29.9,54] (29.9,54] (54,78] (29.9,54]
(54,78]
[15] (78,102] (126,150] (29.9,54] (54,78] (102,126] (78,102]
(29.9,54]
[22] (29.9,54] (29.9,54] (29.9,54] (78,102] (29.9,54] (29.9,54]
(29.9,54]
[29] (54,78] (29.9,54] (29.9,54] (29.9,54] (54,78] (29.9,54]
(54,78]
[36] (29.9,54] (29.9,54] (54,78] (78,102] (54,78] (54,78]
(78,102]
[43] (54,78] (54,78] (54,78] (78,102] (54,78] (54,78]
(102,126]
[50] (78,102]
Levels: (29.9,54] (54,78] (78,102] (102,126] (126,150]
> tabla<-as.data.frame(table(intervalos));tabla
intervalos Freq
1 (29.9,54] 22
2 (54,78] 17
3 (78,102] 8
4 (102,126] 2
5 (126,150] 1
> tabla1<-transform(tabla,
F.Acum=cumsum(Freq),F.R=prop.table(Freq));tabla1
intervalos Freq F.Acum F.R
1 (29.9,54] 22 22 0.44
2 (54,78] 17 39 0.34
3 (78,102] 8 47 0.16
4 (102,126] 2 49 0.04
5 (126,150] 1 50 0.02
> tabla2<-transform(tabla1, F.R.Acum=cumsum(F.R));tabla2
intervalos Freq F.Acum F.R F.R.Acum
1 (29.9,54] 22 22 0.44 0.44
2 (54,78] 17 39 0.34 0.78
3 (78,102] 8 47 0.16 0.94
4 (102,126] 2 49 0.04 0.98
5 (126,150] 1 50 0.02 1.00
> tabla3 <- transform(tabla2, FR.Porc = 100*F.R, FRA.Porc =
100*F.R.Acum);tabla3
intervalos Freq F.Acum F.R F.R.Acum FR.Porc FRA.Porc
1 (29.9,54] 22 22 0.44 0.44 44 44
2 (54,78] 17 39 0.34 0.78 34 78
3 (78,102] 8 47 0.16 0.94 16 94
4 (102,126] 2 49 0.04 0.98 4 98
5 (126,150] 1 50 0.02 1.00 2 100
>barplot(table(intervalos),main="Datos
agrupados",col=c("1","2","3","4","5","6","7"))
>

Datos agrupados
20
15
10
5
0

(29.9,54] (54,78] (78,102] (102,126] (126,150]


6. El gobierno desea saber si el número medio de hijos por familia ha descendido respecto a la
década anterior. Para ello se ha encuestado a 50 familias respecto al número de hijos y se ha
obtenido los siguientes datos.
24231242302223262322323343345203212322314232433221
a) Construye una tabla de frecuencias con estos datos
b) ¿Cuántas familias tienen exactamente 3 hijos?
c) ¿Qué porcentaje de familias tienen exactamente 3 hijos?
d) ¿Qué porcentaje de familias de la muestra tiene más de dos hijos? ¿Y menos de 3?
e) Construye el grafico que consideres más adecuado con las frecuencias acumuladas.

7. En un hospital se desea hacer un estudio sobre los pesos de los recién nacidos. Para ello se
recogen los datos de los 40 bebes y se tiene:
3.2 3.7 4.2 4.6 3.7 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 4.0
4.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 2.9 3.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.6 4.2 4.5 4.3 3.2 3.7 2.9 3.1 3.5
a) Construye la tabla de frecuencias
b) Si sabemos que los bebes que pesan menos de 3 kilos lo hacen prematuramente ¿Qué
porcentaje de niños prematuros han nacido entre los 40?
c) Normalmente los niños que nacen prematuros pesan más de 3 kilos y medio no necesitan
estar en una incubadora. ¿Puedes decir que porcentaje de niños esta en esa situación?
d) Representa gráficamente la información recibida
> #PUNTO N°7
>peso<-
c(3.2,3.7,4.2,4.6,3.7,3.0,2.9,3.1,3.0,4.5,4.1,3.8,3.9,3.6,3.2,3.5,3.0,
2.5,2.7,2.8,3.0,4.0,4.5,3.5,3.5,3.6,2.9,3.2,4.2,4.3,4.1,4.6,4.2,4.5,4.
3,3.2,3.7,2.9,3.1,3.5);peso
[1] 3.2 3.7 4.2 4.6 3.7 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0 4.5 4.1 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.5
3.0 2.5 2.7
[20] 2.8 3.0 4.0 4.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 2.9 3.2 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.6 4.2 4.5 4.3
3.2 3.7 2.9
[39] 3.1 3.5
> intervalos<-cut(peso,breaks=7);intervalos
[1] (3.1,3.4] (3.7,4] (4,4.3] (4.3,4.6] (3.7,4] (2.8,3.1]
(2.8,3.1]
[8] (2.8,3.1] (2.8,3.1] (4.3,4.6] (4,4.3] (3.7,4] (3.7,4]
(3.4,3.7]
[15] (3.1,3.4] (3.4,3.7] (2.8,3.1] (2.5,2.8] (2.5,2.8] (2.5,2.8]
(2.8,3.1]
[22] (4,4.3] (4.3,4.6] (3.4,3.7] (3.4,3.7] (3.4,3.7] (2.8,3.1]
(3.1,3.4]
[29] (4,4.3] (4,4.3] (4,4.3] (4.3,4.6] (4,4.3] (4.3,4.6]
(4,4.3]
[36] (3.1,3.4] (3.7,4] (2.8,3.1] (2.8,3.1] (3.4,3.7]
7 Levels: (2.5,2.8] (2.8,3.1] (3.1,3.4] (3.4,3.7] (3.7,4] ...
(4.3,4.6]
> tabla<-as.data.frame(table(intervalos));tabla
intervalos Freq
1 (2.5,2.8] 3
2 (2.8,3.1] 9
3 (3.1,3.4] 4
4 (3.4,3.7] 6
5 (3.7,4] 5
6 (4,4.3] 8
7 (4.3,4.6] 5
> tabla1<-transform(tabla,
F.Acum=cumsum(Freq),F.R=prop.table(Freq));tabla1
intervalos Freq F.Acum F.R
1 (2.5,2.8] 3 3 0.075
2 (2.8,3.1] 9 12 0.225
3 (3.1,3.4] 4 16 0.100
4 (3.4,3.7] 6 22 0.150
5 (3.7,4] 5 27 0.125
6 (4,4.3] 8 35 0.200
7 (4.3,4.6] 5 40 0.125
> tabla2<-transform(tabla1, F.R.Acum=cumsum(F.R));tabla2
intervalos Freq F.Acum F.R F.R.Acum
1 (2.5,2.8] 3 3 0.075 0.075
2 (2.8,3.1] 9 12 0.225 0.300
3 (3.1,3.4] 4 16 0.100 0.400
4 (3.4,3.7] 6 22 0.150 0.550
5 (3.7,4] 5 27 0.125 0.675
6 (4,4.3] 8 35 0.200 0.875
7 (4.3,4.6] 5 40 0.125 1.000
> tabla3 <- transform(tabla2, FR.Porc = 100*F.R, FRA.Porc =
100*F.R.Acum);tabla3
intervalos Freq F.Acum F.R F.R.Acum FR.Porc FRA.Porc
1 (2.5,2.8] 3 3 0.075 0.075 7.5 7.5
2 (2.8,3.1] 9 12 0.225 0.300 22.5 30.0
3 (3.1,3.4] 4 16 0.100 0.400 10.0 40.0
4 (3.4,3.7] 6 22 0.150 0.550 15.0 55.0
5 (3.7,4] 5 27 0.125 0.675 12.5 67.5
6 (4,4.3] 8 35 0.200 0.875 20.0 87.5
7 (4.3,4.6] 5 40 0.125 1.000 12.5 100.0
>barplot(table(intervalos),main="PesodeBebes",col=c("1","2","3","4","5
","6","7"))
>

Peso de Bebes
8
6
4
2
0

(2.5,2.8] (2.8,3.1] (3.1,3.4] (3.4,3.7] (3.7,4] (4,4.3] (4.3,4.6]


8. En una finca de vecinos de Benicasim, se reúnen la comunidad de vecinos para ver si
contratan a una persona para que les lleve la contabilidad. El resultado de la votación es el
siguiente: 25 vecinos a favor de la contratación, 15 vecinos en contra y 5 vecinos se abstienen.
Representa la información mediante un diagrama de sectores.
#PUNTO N°8
> sector<-c(25,15,5)
> names(sector)<-c("A favor","En contra","Abstenidos")
>pie(sector,clockwise=TRUE,main="Diagrama de sectores",col=c("8","2","3"))
Diagrama de sectores

Abstenidos

En contra A favor

9. Se toman ocho mediciones del diámetro interno de los anillos para los pistones del motor de un
automóvil. Los datos en mm son: 74.001 74.003 74.015 74.000 74.005 74.002 74.005 74.004
Calcula la media y la mediana de estos datos. Calcula también la varianza, la desviación típica y el
rango de la muestra

Media
> mean(datos)
[1] 74.00437
Mediana
> median(datos)
[1] 74.0035
Varianza
> var(datos)
[1] 2.169643e-05
Desviación
> sd(datos)
[1] 0.004657943
Rango de la muestra
> range(datos)
[1] 74.000 74.015
10) Dada la distribución de datos 38432 384343 38436 38438 38440 con frecuencias 4,8,4,3,8 halla
la media de la distribución
>datos<-
c(38432,38432,38432,38432,384343,384343,384343,384343,384343,384343,384343,
384343,38436,38436,38436,38436,38438,38438,38438,38440,38440,38440,38440,38
440,38440,38440,38440);datos
[1] 38432 38432 38432 38432 384343 384343 384343
[8] 384343 384343 384343 384343 384343 38436 38436
[15] 38436 38436 38438 38438 38438 38440 38440
[22] 38440 38440 38440 38440 38440 38440
> mean(datos)
[1] 140927.8

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