Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Malt Malt
Malt cleaning milling
Mashing
Wort
Wort collection
Lautering
boiling
Wort
Wort
clarification
Wort aeration
Yeast
cooling pitching
Fermentation
Filtration and fermentation section
Yeast propagation
It is the mechanism of culture dry yeast in order to increase their
number and make it enough for fermentation process.
•CIP (clean in place)
It is a mechanism of washing or cleaning of process equipments.
• HOT CIP
• COLD CIP
Fermentation :
It is the process of converting fermentable sugar to alcohol
and carbon dioxide by the activity of yeast.
Stages of fermentations are
Primary fermentation,
Secondary fermentation,
Yeast types based on fermenter design.
There are two types based on fermenter design and the
position at which yeasts are pitched or harvested.
Top fermenting yeast
Bottom fermenting yeast
Filtration
It is the process of separation of undesired proteins and
yeasts from the beer.
Fermenter UBT
Dosing
KG filter tank
Heat Sludge
exchanger Blending
tank
BBT Filling
Filter
bag section
Packaging section.
The section at which bright beer is packed with bottles or keg.
keg filling process.
Keg washing.
Drought beer filling process.
Bottle washing process: Bottles have to be washed in order
to remove external and internal dirt's, sterilize bottles in
order to kill microorganisms.
.
Bottle filling processes: it has many advantages these are,
Avoid product loss
Minimize loss of carbon dioxide gain of oxygen
Prevent microbial, chemical or physical contamination.
The difference between draught beer and bottle beer are:
Pasteurization process and filling process
Their outlet temperature .
Duration of pasteurization.
Similarity of bottle beer and draught beer. Their
Alcohol content
Filtration process
Pasteurization :It is the process by which the number of
harmful microorganisms are destroyed .or reduced so as to
increase the product`s biological stability.
Labeling: it is a process of applying information about dashen
beer on the bottle.
Roller Uncaser Crate
Crate with
bottle conveyo machine washer
r
Bottle
Bottle washer
inspection Caser
Sludge
80% of Settlin
Station Aeratio
sludge g tank
n tank
20% of filtrate
sludge
Water to
Drainage Dewaterin Dewatered
g system sludge
PROJECT
Production of bio ethanol from spent grain.
Ethanol can be produced from lignocelluloses which contain lignin,
hemicelluloses and cellulose (polysaccharide) which can be converted
to fermentable sugar through pretreatment and hydrolysis. Then the
sugar can be converted to ethanol through fermentation and after
fermentation ethanol is produced and separated from other components
by distillation .
We have initiated to work this project to overcome the fuel scarcity
and to produce environmentally safe bio ethanol.
Problem of statement
Growing demand for energy and environmental
concern are the key factors driving us strong interest
in renewable energy source, particularly, in bio fuel.
Spent grain has no competition with direct food and
also has less cost and it is abundant in quantity. This
is the reason why we have selected this title.
Objective
General Objectives
The objective of this project is production of bio ethanol
from spent grain
Specific Objective.
To see the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis
To see the effect of acid hydrolysis
To see the effect of distillation for the separation of bio
ethanol
To analyze the physical characteristics of the product
Methodology
In order to produce bio ethanol from lignocelluloses bio mass. We
should have conducted a series of steps those are drying, grinding, pre –
treatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation.
Spent grain Oven Grinder
Fermentation Enzymatic
hydrolysis
Distillation Ethanol
Drying:-The spent grain was dried at a temperature of 105OC
for 24 hrs in an oven. Then its size was reduced in order to make
easy for hydrolysis and pretreatment
Pre treatment:- 76g of dry spent grain was added in 600 ml of
diluted H2SO4 this have been done in water bath at 50 degree
centigrade for 3 hrs.
Enzyme hydrolysis
The pretreated sample was hydrolyzed by 0.3ml of
enzyme at a temperature of 63OC for 20 minutes.
Acid hydrolysis:-10 percent sulfuric acid has been
used at a temperature of 50 degree centigrade for 3
hours.
Fermentation
During fermentation, the color of the sample was changed
and foam have been seen.
Distillation process
Due to the absence of good distillation column, more amount of water
were vaporized with ethanol.
Product characterization
the product was characterized by odor, color, and its specific gravity.
Result and discussion
The specific gravity of the acid hydrolyzed and enzyme
hydrolyzed sample was 0.96 and 0.95 respectively then from
this data the concentration of bio ethanol was 26% and 32%
respectively.
The product was very diluted because of scarcity of cellulose
enzyme and the absence of distillation column which works
under controlled temperature.
Conclusion.
This internship programme given us being sociative, polite,
punctual persons in addition to academical benefits.
•Most sections of the factory are the application of chemical
engineering courses.
•The enzyme hydrolyzed sample had more concentration than
acid hydrolyzed sample
Recommendations
In order to optimize the factory’s income and to produce usable
products from by products & wastes, chemical engineers must
be involved and the factory must have research lab.
THE END!!!