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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
DIVISION OF BOHOL

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE


Quarter 1 – Week 2 (Day 7)

Learning Content : Exogenic Processes: Weathering and Erosion


Learning Competency : Explain how the products of weathering are carried
away by erosion and deposited elsewhere.
(S11/12ES-Ib-12)
Learning Objective : Identify the different agents of erosion and deposition.
Material/s : Image
Reference/s : Teaching Guide for SHS Earth & Life Science, CHED
and Philippine Normal University, pp. 70-78
Earth & Life Science by Olivar & Morales-Ramos, pp.
38-40
Quipper School (2016). Geologic processes on earth’s
surface. Retrieved June 14, 2020, from
https://bit.ly/2YxW1in
Copyright : For classroom use only.
Non-DepEd owned
Pending for approval

Concept Notes:

Weathering is the disintegration and decomposition of rock at or near the


Earth's surface. Erosion, on the other hand, is the incorporation and
transportation of material by a mobile agent such as water, wind, or ice.
Weathering occurs in the site, that is, particles stay put and no movement is
involved. As soon as the weathering product starts moving (due to fluid flow) we
call the process erosion. Deposition occurs when the agents (wind or water) of
erosion lay down sediment to its depositional environment or final destination.
Deposition changes the shape of the land.

Figure 5. Weathering and erosion


(Adapted from https://bit.ly/32QGCO2)
Agents of Erosion
A. Running water
• Water is the most powerful agent of erosion. Both surface and groundwater
act as an agent of erosion. Groundwater creates underground surfaces like
caves while water running on land surfaces creates land surfaces like deltas.
B. Moving Ice
• Ice is also a powerful agent of erosion. A large mass of moving ice is called
a glacier. When glaciers move, they carve their valleys, (U-shaped, V-
shaped). Like rivers, glaciers break and carry away rock fragments.
C. Action of Wind
• Like ice and water, wind erodes too, transports, and deposits rock materials.
The action of the wind is more prominent in arid and semi-arid regions. The
flow of wind can change the shape and size of the rocks.
D. Action of Waves
• In coastal areas, the sea is constantly eroding old landforms and creating
new ones. The marine erosion is also a type of wave erosion that creates
landforms such as an arch, a sea cave, etc.
E. Gravity
• Mass wasting or the downslope movement of soil, rock, and regolith is
under the direct influence of gravity. Mass wasting can be affected by the
slope angle and addition of water to the eroded material.
F. Man-made Erosion
• Man is responsible for erosions. Today man is the strongest agent of erosion.
We see several examples in our daily life. Cutting mountains and big rock
bodies for road making, building construction and farmlands, mining for
precious metals, and construction materials are examples of activities that
trigger erosion.

Activity/Exercises:
1. Our country is a pathway of typhoons because of our location in the globe.
The government always warns us, especially those who reside near the slopes
or low-lying areas, to evacuate immediately when this happens. Given the
different agents that cause erosion you have learned, particularly water and
wind, what would you suggest that the government should do to minimize the
devastating effects of erosion especially to those living in these areas?
2. In what ways do the agents of erosion carry away the products of weathering?
EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
Quarter 1 – Week 2 (Day 8)

Learning Content : Exogenic Processes: Deposition


Learning Competency : Explain how the products of weathering are carried
away by erosion and deposited elsewhere.
(S11/12ES-Ib-12)
Learning Objective : Describe characteristic surface features and
landforms created and the processes that contributed
to their formation.
Material/s : Image
Reference/s : Teaching Guide for SHS Earth & Life Science, CHED
and Philippine Normal University, pp. 70-78
Earth & Life Science by Olivar & Morales-Ramos, pp.
38-40
Quipper School (2016). Geologic processes on earth’s
surface. Retrieved June 14, 2020, from
https://bit.ly/2YxW1in
Copyright : For classroom use only.
Non-DepEd owned
Pending for approval

Concept Notes:

Weathering, erosion/transportation, and deposition are exogenic


processes that act in concert, but in differing relative degrees, to bring about
changes in the configuration of the Earth’s surface. Deposition occurs when the
agents (wind or water) of erosion lay down sediment to its depositional environment
or final destination. The depositional environment can be continental, coastal, or
marine.
• Continental includes streams, swamps, caves, and deserts.
• Coastal includes lagoons, estuaries, and deltas.
• Marine includes slopes and the bottom of the ocean or abyssal zone.

Figure 6. Weathering, erosion, and deposition


(Adapted from https://bit.ly/32NPZ11)
Water and Landforms
Whenever stream velocity decreases, it deposits the sediments it carries.
Materials like sand and gravel may be deposited in a longer lifespan as deltas,
alluvial fans, flood plains, and levees.
a. Deltas - are formed when the river loses energy as it flows into an area
of slow-moving water, such as a lake or the sea. When the river
meets the sea, clay particles coagulate and settle in the seabed.
b. Alluvial fans - are formed when a stream reaches a flat area or gently
sloping plain.
c. Flood plain - is a flat wide expanse of alluvium covering flat areas prone
to flooding; a sheet of silts is deposited after a successive flood.
d. Levees - are formed by successive floods over many years. When a river
overflows, its velocity decreases, leaving coarse sediments
deposited; fine sediments also are deposited over the valley,
forming gentle slopes of levees.

Wind and Landforms


Accumulations of windblown sediments are usually found in drylands and
along sandy coasts.
a. Loess - is the accumulated blanket of silt carried by wind in suspension
and deposited over broad areas.
b. Sand dunes - are deposits of coarse materials in the shape of hills or
ridges; they are found in deserts or above low-lying coasts where
sand is constantly renewed by onshore winds flowing across the
sandy beaches.

Activity/Exercise:
Annotated sketch of areas of erosion and deposition
(Choose an area that applies to you.)

A. For those living near the coast:


Locate a coastline nearest to your locality. Identify locations of erosion and
deposition by making an annotated sketch of the coast. Explain how the
different erosional and depositional features may have formed. Predict how
the coast may change shape in the future, and identify areas susceptible to
coastal erosion.

B. For those living far from the coast (inland):


As you travel to school and other places, identify areas as possible deposition
sites of soil, rocks, and regolith by making an annotated sketch of the area.
Describe the area. Infer the origin of the materials and the agent responsible
for their deposition.

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