INDEX

Index Terms Links

Accumulator:
hydropneumatic 3.145
steam 3.478
Acid Rain Control Program 3.194
Adjustable-speed drives 4.16
Aeroderivative gas turbines 7.27
Affinity laws for pumps 3.359
Air compressors 3.331
air receivers for 3.337
altitude factors for 3.337
brake horsepower (kW) input to 3.333
components for 3.336
computation of air requirements 3.331
cooling-water requirements for 3.337
effect of intake temperature on 3.309 3.336
selection of 3.331
Air conditioning 2.44
cooling coils for 2.46 2.52
heat-load determination for 2.44
high-velocity ducts for 2.78
noise-reduction materials for 2.90
outlet and return grilles for 2.80

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Air conditioning (Cont.)

selection of system for known load 2.59
sizing low-velocity ducts 2.61 2.79
branch areas 2.63
friction-loss chart for 2.64
recommended velocities in 2.62
systems and applications 2.59
vibration isolators for 2.87
Air-cooled heat exchanger selection 3.550
Air-snubber springs 3.94
Air-volume conversion factors 2.37
Allowable stress:
in design 3.114
in pipes 3.407
Allowable stresses in pipes 3.407
Alternating-current circuit analysis 4.7
alternator-selection in 4.13
motor, selection in 4.44
starting current of 4.48
starting time of 4.48
vector algebra in 4.8
Alternatives, cogeneration 7.13
energy-from-wastes 7.4
Anchor force of pipes 3.462
Appliances, electric 4.66
Architectural engineering 2.1
air conditioning 2.44
branch ducts 2.62 2.68 2.70 2.79
cooling coils for 2.46 2.52

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Architectural engineering (Cont.)

friction-loss chart for low-velocity ducts 2.64
heat-load determination for 2.44
high-velocity ducts for 2.78
noise-reduction materials for 2.90
outlet and return grilles for 2.80
recommended velocities in ducts 2.62
selection of system for known load 2.59
sizing low-velocity ducts 2.61 2.79
systems and applications 2.59
vibration isolators for 2.87
heating systems, applications of 2.28
coils for 2.36 2.43
condensate formation rate of coils 2.37
final temperatures in coils 2.37
fuel-consumption factors for 2.28
passive solar 2.113
selection of 2.27
solar 2.100 2.113
humidifiers, selection of 2.71
capacities of 2.72
location of 2.73
piping for 2.75
recommended humidities for 2.74
steam required by 2.71
plumbing and drainage 2.2
cold- and hot-water piping 2.9
gas piping 2.20

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Architectural engineering (Cont.)

pipe-size determination for 2.2
roof and yard rainwater systems 2.6
sprinkler systems 2.52
swimming-pool sizing 2.58
solar energy 2.92
ASHRAE 2.98
average annual amount 2.93 2.117
collector choice for 2.92
collector sizing for 2.100
domestic hot-water heater 2.108
F chart method 2.102
flat-plate collector 2.92
heat exchangers for flat-plate collector 2.96
heating contribution of passive system 2.117
heating systems 2.100 2.113
insolation determination 2.109 2.116
key system components
with flat-plate collector 2.95
orientation of collectors 2.94
passive solar heating 2.113
unit heaters: blow distance of 2.33
capacity of 2.29
conversion factors for 2.32 2.37
diameter of pipes for 2.34
outlet velocities of 2.33
vertical types 2.31
ventilators, roof 2.83

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Ash reuse 7.7

ASHRAE 2.98
Audio pollution 2.90

Ball bearings 3.60 ff

Barometric-condenser selection 3.259
heat transfer in 3.492
Batch physical process balance 5.7
Batteries, industrial 4.38
characteristics of 4.39
Beach cleaning, work required for 7.40
Beam(s), steel 1.4
Bearings, shaft 3.35 3.57
ball 3.58 3.61 3.65
characteristics of 3.60
gas-type 3.76
heat generation of 3.62
hydrostatic journal analysis 3.68
constants for 3.72
hydrostatic thrust 3.68
constants for equations 3.72
oil-film thickness 3.68
length of 3.62
load capacity of 3.61 3.67 3.72 3.75
materials for sleeve-type 3.59
multidirection-type analysis 3.73
constants for 3.72

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Bearings, shaft (Cont.)

oil-film 3.59
design load for 3.60
porous-metal capacity, friction 3.66
capacity factors 3.67
friction factors 3.67
roller-type 3.63
capacity and reliability of 3.63
operating-life analysis 3.63
radial load rating of 3.64
rolling-type, capacity, cost, and size of 3.63
selection of type of 3.57
speed limits for ball and roller 3.61
temperature limits of 3.60
Belleville springs 3.89
Belts 3.17
leather 3.17ff
capacity factors for 3.17
correction factors for 3.18 3.24
rubber 3.19ff
arc-of-contact factor 3.19
correction factors 3.22 3.24
horsepower (kW) ratings 3.20 3.22 3.23
length correction factors 3.24
minimum pulley diameters 3.20
multiple V 3.23
service factors 3.19 3.21
sheave dimensions 3.19 3.21
small-diameter factors of 3.24
V (see v belts) timing 3.52

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Bending metal parts 3.186

Bends, pipe 3.453
Bingham plastics, friction factor for 5.55
Biomass power generation 7.27
Blank diameters 3.189
Blanking metals 3.170
Bleed-steam cycles 3.230
Blowdown, boiler heat recovery from 3.548
Boiler:
blowdown heat recovery 3.548
percentage 3.540
conversion to coal 3.533
heat balance 3.206
draft fans 3.285
ducts and uptakes 3.289
efficiency 3.272
fire-tube, analysis of 3.274
steam, selection of 3.282
safety valves 3.275
capacity of 3.275
selection of 3.276
scale, savings from reduced 3.546
Bolt diameter selection 3.122
endurance limit of 3.124
for pressurized joint 3.122
torque tightening factor 3.123 3.125

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Boring, time and power for 3.156

Brakes:
characteristics of 3.103
cooling time of 3.107
electric 3.106
performance characteristics of 3.105
selection of 3.103
surface area of 3.107
Breakdown in manufacturing 3.190
Brinell hardness 3.178
Broaching time and production rate 3.175
Bucket elevators 3.326 3.327
Bulk material conveying 3.326
Bypass cooling system for engines 3.317

Cable(s), voltage regulation of 4.28

Calorimeter, analysis of 3.280
Cam clutch selection 3.51
Capacity-reduction factor 1.109 1.13
Capacity tables, fan 3.287
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 7.4
Centrifugal compressor, refrigeration 3.503 3.515
Centrifugal pumps 3.358
affinity laws for 3.359
analysis of characteristic curves of 3.376
condensate, selection of 3.383
critical speed of 3.389

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Centrifugal pumps (Cont.)

as hydraulic turbines 3.396
cavitation constant 3.397
constant-head curves 3.399
constant-speed curves 3.398
converting design conditions 3.400
number of stages 3.396
specific speed of 3.360
turbine performance 3.397 3.399
minimum safe flow for 3.386
net positive suction head of 3.381
selecting for viscous liquid 3.387
selection of 3.369
shaft deflection of 3.390
similarity laws for 3.359
sizing impellers, for safety service 3.402
specific speed of 3.359
total head on 3.364
Chain drives 3.48
inverted-tooth (silent) 3.48
roller 3.48
horsepower (kW) rating of 3.49
length factors for 3.50
loads and service factors for 3.49
Characteristic curves, pump 3.376
Chemical engineering 5.1
batch physical process balance 5.7
crusher power input 5.13
heat of mixing 5.5

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Chemical engineering (Cont.)

immiscible-solution characteristics 5.10
liquid-liquid separation 5.13
material balance 5.6
mixer cooling-water flow rate 5.14
process plant engineering
(see Process plant engineering)
pump selection for 5.12
saturated-solution analysis 5.2
steady-state continuous physical balance 5.7
ternary liquid system 5.3
Chemical reactions in combustion 3.200
Chicago Board of Trade 7.27
Chilled-water system design 7.37
Civil engineering 1.1
Clean Air Act (CAA) 3.194
Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) 5.42 7.27
“Clean” energy hydro 7.35
Cleaning polluted beaches 7.40
Clutch selection 3.101
Clutches:
cam 3.51
characteristics of 3.101
ratings of 3.103
service factors for 3.102
Coal-burning plant, ground area for 3.547
Coal fuel in a furnace, combustion of 3.192
Coal storage capacity of piles and bunkers 3.299

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Coefficient of performance 7.19

Cogeneration, choosing steam compressor for 7.19
costs of 3.539
defined 7.19
Cold spring of pipes 3.452
Cold-water pipe sizes 2.9
Collectors, solar 2.92
Column:
footing design 1.136
reinforced-concrete
(see Reinforced-concrete column)
steel (see Steel column)
Combustion 3.192
chemical reactions in 3.200
of coal 3.192
of fuel oil 3.195
molal conversion factors for 3.203
of natural gas 3.197
products, final 3.205
properties of elements in 3.198
of wood fuel 3.201
Composite mechanisms, theorem of 1.139
Composite steel-and-concrete beam 1.180
Compressed-air requirements 3.331
and pressure loss 3.443
receiver volume for 3.331
of tools 3.326

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Compression ratio, engine 3.310

Compressors 7.19
cost considerations 7.21
Concrete, reinforced 1.104
Condensate heat recovery 7.9
Condensate pump selection 3.383
Condensers, steam 3.249
Condensing turbine output 3.241
Conservation of energy (see Energy conservation)
Constant-entropy steam process 3.222
Constant-pressure steam process 3.217
Constant-temperature steam process 3.220
Constant-volume steam process 3.218
Conveyor characteristics 3.347
horsepower (kW) requirements 3.346
maximum belt speeds 3.349
minimum belt width 3.348
screw-type 3.348
capacities and speeds of 3.349
material factors for 3.350
size factors for 3.350
Cooling of electric motors 4.87
Cooling coils 2.46 2.52
bypass factors for 2.46
characteristics of 2.56ff
selection of 2.52

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Cooling ponds 3.260

Cooling water:
for air compressors 3.331
engine 3.310
Cost estimates for plant and equipment 5.35
centrifugal-pump and electric-motor 5.52
correlations in 5.50
heat exchangers and storage tanks 5.50
Cost of alternatives 7.13
capital cost of 7.13
energy plots for 7.22
and gas turbines 7.25
Cost of heat loss 3.521
Cost separation in cogeneration 3.539
selection of profit with 7.3
Cost vs. benefit, analysis of 7.2
selection of profit with 7.3
Countersinking, time and power for 3.152
Couplings, shaft 3.42
flexible 3.44
allowable misalignment of 3.44
horsepower (kW) ratings of 3.45
service factors for 3.44
functional characteristics of 3.47
high-speed 3.46
operating characteristics of 3.46
rigid flange-type 3.42
selection for torque and thrust loads 3.45
universal-joint output variations 3.47

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Crane, traveling 4.84

Critical speed, pump 3.389
Cross-border pollution 3.206
Crusher power input 5.13
Curved springs 3.83
Cut, length and angle of 3.150
Cutting speeds:
economical 3.178
for lowest-cost machining 3.183
for materials 3.151
Cutting time:
keyway 3.152
tool feed rate and 3.154

Deflection:
of beam 1.48
of cantilever frame 1.52
by conjugate-beam method 1.50
by double-integration method 1.49
by moment-area method 1.49
under moving loads 1.67
of prestressed-concrete beam 1.155
of reinforced-concrete continuous beam 1.148 1.149
of shafts 3.13
pump 3.390
of spring 3.78
by unit-load method 1.51

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Deformation:
of built-up member 1.26
of member under axial load 1.26
Department of Energy (DOE) 7.28
Designing parts 3.111
Desuperheater, steam 3.469 3.477 3.482 3.483
Desuperheater condensers 5.42
Diesel engines 3.305
cooling water for 3.311
displacement of 3.310
horsepower (kW) of 3.307
mean effective pressure of 3.306
output of 3.308
selection of 3.308
Digital control, fuel savings from 3.553
Dimpling metal parts 3.186
Direct-current circuit analysis 4.2
generator selection in 4.11
Kirchhoff’s laws for 4.5
Direct-current permanent-magnet motors 4.77
Dissolved gas, effect of, on rotary pump 3.393
Dovetails, dimensions of 3.153
Dowel pins, sizing of 3.149
Dowels:
in column footing 1.157
in retaining wall 1.165
Drains (See also Plumbing and Drainage)
building 2.3 2.5
roof 2.6

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Drawing of metals 3.170 3.186

Drill penetration rate 3.185
Drilling, time and power for 3.156
Dryers, coal 3.296
Duct sizing 2.61
equal-friction method 2.61
friction chart for 2.79
static-regain method 2.67

Economical cutting speeds and production rates 3.178

Economics, engineering, of energy-from-wastes 7.4
Economizer, heat transfer 3.272 3.499
Efficiency, internal-combustion engines 3.305 3.306
Elasticity, modulus of 1.50 1.67 1.69
Electric-are welding 3.167
Electric brakes 3.104
Electric comfort-heating load determination 4.65
Electric heaters 3.498
Electric-motor controls 4.14ff
characteristics and applications of 4.44
constants for starting current 4.48
dimensions of 4.47
frame numbers for 4.47
full-load current of 4.30
locked-rotor kVA 4.48
power ratings of 4.42
selection of 4.41
speed- and power-range applications of 4.44
speed-torque characteristics of 4.43 4.44
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Electric motors 4.14ff 4.41 4.73

benefits 4.27
cooling of 4.83
cost of 4.73
energy charge, present value 4.76
flywheel selection for 4.84
permanent-magnet type 4.77 4.81
Electric transformers 4.20
characteristics of 4.20ff
coolant characteristics of 4.22
load-center units 4.22
selection of 4.21
Electrical engineering 4.1
circuit lengths in 4.32
crane, traveling 4.84
direct-current permanent-magnet motors 4.77
electric motors 4.73
cooling of 4.83
cost of 4.73
efficiency benefits 4.77
energy charge, present value 4.76
flywheel selection for 4.84
permanent-magnet type 4.77 4.81
power-factor benefits 4.24
flywheels for electric motors 4.84
effect of width on 4.86
linear inertia of 4.84
starting and stopping times 4.84
total inertia of 4.84

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Electrical engineering (Cont.)

lightning protection 4.9 4.87
arrester selection 4.9
incidence of thunderstorms 4.87
type of system–use 4.87
zone of protection 4.88
load estimating in 4.33
permanent-magnet motors 4.77
analysis 4.81
dimensionless efficiency curves 4.81
electrical measurement analysis 4.81
equivalent motor circuit 4.83
factor of merit 4.82
performance characteristics 4.77 4.79
stall and drag torques 4.83 4.79
universal performance formulas 4.78
thunderstorms, incidence of 4.87
transformers 4.20
Emissions, credits 5.33
reduction of 7.8
Emptying vessel, time needed for 5.49
Energy, solar (see Solar energy)
Energy conservation 3.519
air-cooled heat exchanger,
preliminary selection 3.550
boiler conversion to coal 3.545
boiler furnace size comparisons 3.542 3.543
cogeneration costs 3.539

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Energy conservation (Cont.)

flash tanks, sizing 3.558
from waste alternatives 7.4
fuel savings from direct digital control 3.553
ground area, for coal burning plants 3.547
heat exchanger, air-cooled 3.550
heat-loss cost 3.530
heat-rate improvement 3.532
heat recovery from boiler blowdown 3.548
high-temperature hot-water heating 3.526
produced by heat recovery 3.528
pump choice for 3.404
from reduced boiler scale 3.546
return on investment 3.545
small hydropower analysis 3.556
uninsulated pipes, cost of heat loss 3.530
wind-energy systems for 3.519
capital costs of machines 3.521 3.524
electric power output 3.520
kites for power generation 3.523ff
machine performance curves 3.523
machine selection 3.509 3.516
types of machines 3.521
Energy requirements of screw compressors 7.19
Energy savings:
in industrial hydraulic systems 3.148
in plants 5.23
plots of 7.22

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Energy savings: (Cont.)

from recompression 5.29
by relocating units 5.28
from storage tanks and vessels 5.24
from waste heat for refrigeration 5.34
Engine lathe 3.161
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 5.11 5.13 5.22 5.42 7.5
7.17
Epicyclic gears 3.39
Equal-friction duct sizing 2.61
Equivalent length of pipes 3.410 3.411
Estimating cost of cogeneration alternatives 7.13
cost of waste disposal 7.5
Estimating electrical loads 4.33
Euler equation for column 1.19
Excess-air analysis 5.36
Expansion, pipe 3.462ff
bends 3.462
joints 3.464
Expansion fits 3.172
Expected life, designing for 3.110
Explosion vent, sizing of 7.42
Extraction turbine 3.303

F chart method 2.102

Facing, time for 3.159
Factor of safety 3.114

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Fans, draft:
controls for 3.294
selection of 3.285
Fatigue loading 1.23
Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC) 7.27
Feed rate, tool 3.152
Feeders, electrical 4.63
Feedwater heaters 3.262
closed 3.259
direct-contact 3.262
extraction-cycle 3.267
Finned-tube heat exchangers 3.494
Fired-heat composite curve (FHCC) 7.22
Fixture, plumbing 2.2ff
demand weight of 2.10ff
Flashing condensate, line sizing for 5.22
Flexural stress (see Bending stress)
Flue gas 3.560
Flue-gas heat recovery 7.8
Fluid velocity in pipes 3.406
Flywheels 3.8 4.84
for electric motors 4.84
effect of width 4.86
linear inertia of 4.84
starting and stopping times 4.84
total inertia of 4.84

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Footing:
design 1.138
combined 1.138
isolated square 1.137
Force fit 3.117
Form milling 3.162
Fouling factors, heat-exchanger 3.491
Friction damping 3.109
Friction factor for Bingham plastics 5.55
Friction head, pipe 3.426
Fuel, industrial waste 3.281
low-sulfur diesel 3.324
Fuel-consumption factors 2.28
Fuel oil, combustion of 3.195
Fuel savings:
from direct digital control 3.553
from heat recovery 3.528
Fuse, classes of 4.83

Gang milling 3.162

Gas, flow rate of 3.444
Gas and vapor disposal for plants 5.31
Gas bearings 3.76
Gas engines 3.305
Gas pressure loss in pipes 2.21ff 3.443
Gas turbines 3.297 3.301 7.25
inlet air temperature 3.206

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Gases, properties of mixtures of 3.299

Gear drives 3.34
bearing loads in 3.36
force ratio of 3.36
moment of inertia of 3.34
transmission gear ratio 3.38
Gear trains 3.39
epicyclic 3.39
planetary 3.40
Geared speed reducer 3.55
Gears 3.26
bearing loads of 3.36
bore diameter of 3.37
dimensions of 3.32
epicyclic 3.39
force ratio of 3.36
horsepower (kW) rating of 3.33
for light loads 3.29
moment of inertia of 3.34
pitch selection of 3.32 ff
planetary 3.40
plastics 3.126
ratio for 3.36 3.38 3.40
selection of. by application 3.28
by arrangement of equipment 3.28
by convenience 3.29
size of 3.27
speed of 3.26
type of 3.27

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Geothermal power generation 7.27

Grille, outlet and return 2.80
Grinding feed and work time 3.164
Gusset plate 2.5
Gutter sizes 2.8
Hangers and connections 1.76
base for steel column with end moment 1.89
base plate for steel column 1.89
curved knee of rigid bent 1.87
eyebar design 1.76
grillage support for column 1.90
gusset plate analysis 1.78
light-gauge steel bean 1.101
with stiffened compression flange 1.101
with unstiffened flange 1.101
pipe 3.445
rectangular knee of rigid bent 1.86
riveted moment connection 1.80
semirigid connection design 1.79
steel hanger analysis 1.77
welded flexible beam connection 1.83
welded moment connection design 1.85
welded seated beam connection 1.84
Hardy Cross method 6.2 6.5
Hazardous air pollutants (HAP) 5.42
Hazen-Williams formula 3.320 3.424 3.433 6.3
Head:
friction, loss in water pipe 3.415
total, on a pump 3.364

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Heat, waste 5.34

Heat of mixing 5.5
Heat balance, boiler 3.204
draft fans 3.285
ducts and uptakes 3.289
efficiency of 3.272
fire-tube, analysis of 3.274
steam, selection of 3.282
Heat exchangers:
costs 5.50
selection of air-cooled 3.550
Heat insulation for pipes 3.420
Heat loss, cost of 3.530
Heat-loss determination 2.25
Heat-loss factors 4.67
for concrete slabs 4.65 4.69 4.74
for frame walls 4.72
for infiltration 4.73
for residential ceilings 4.71
for roofing 4.75
for windows 4.75
for wood floors 4.72
for wooden doors 4.75
Heat pump, analysis of 3.516
Heat-rate improvement 3.532
Heat recovery:
from boiler blowdown 3.548
boilers 7.31

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Heat recovery: (Cont.)

engine 3.322
hot water 3.322
from lighting systems 2.44 4.76
steam generator (HRSG) 7.25
unit 7.12
Heat transfer 3.484
actual temperature difference of 3.490
air-cooled, selection of 3.550
in barometric condensers 3.492
costs 5.50
electric 3.498
exchangers for 3.484
finned-tube type 3.494
fouling factors in 3.491
quick design and evaluation 3.562
selecting type of 3.484
shell-and-tube type 3.487
spiral type 3.496

Heating, electric comfort 4.65

Heating systems:
applications of 2.28
coils for 2.36
condensate formation rate of 2.37
final temperatures in 2.37
fuel-consumption factors for 2.28

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Heating systems: (Cont.)

passive solar 2.113
selection of 2.27
solar 2.100 2.113
steam consumption of 2.35
Heaters:
electric 3.498
feedwater 3.262
closed 3.259
direct-contact 3.262
extraction-cycle 3.267
Helical springs 3.78
High-temperature hot-water heating 3.526
High-vacuum systems 3.341
pipe size for 3.344
pumping speed for 3.344
pumps for 3.343
system factors for 3.343
Hobbing time 3.165
Horsepower (kW) for metalworking 3.181
Hot water:
domestic hot-water heater 2.108
heating with high-temperature 3.526
pipe sizes for 2.2
piping systems for 2.16
temperatures for various services 2.15
Humidifiers, selection of 2.71
capacities of 2.72
location of 2.73
piping for 2.75

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Humidifiers, selection of (Cont.)

recommended humidities for 2.73
steam required by 2.71
Hydraulic piston 3.140ff
accelerating force 3.140
cushioning pressure 3.140
fluid flow required 3.140
Hydraulic radius 3.424
pipe 3.414
Hydraulic systems 3.119
energy savings in industrial 3.148
valving and piping for 3.121
Hydraulic turbines from centrifugal pumps 3.396
Hydro sites 7.34
small 3.546
Hydropneumatic accumulator 3.145
final gas pressure 3.146
final volume 3.146
kinetic energy absorbed 3.145
Hydropneumatic storage tank, sizing 3.395
Hydrostatic bearings 3.68
journal 3.72
multidirection-type 3.73
thrust 3.67

Immiscible-solution characteristics 5.10

Indicators, engine 3.310
Indoor lighting 4.49
Industrial building ventilation 7.44
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Industrial Fuel Use Act (IFUA) 7.17

Industrial waste fuel 7.7
Initial yielding 1.27
Insolation determination, solar 2.109 2.116
Interaction diagram 1.45 1.47 1.129 1.133
Interior lighting 4.49
Internal-combustion engines 3.301
bypass cooling system for 3.317
compression ratio of 3.310
cooling-water requirements of 3.311
hookups for 3.318
slant diagrams for 3.315
displacement of 3.310
efficiency of 3.305 3.306
fuel storage capacity and cost 3.323
horsepower (kW) of 3.307
hot-water heat recovery 3.322
indicator, use for 3.310
low-sulfur fuel 3.324
mean effective pressure of 3.306
oil coolers for 3.326
output at high temperatures and high altitudes 3.308
performance factors for 3.327
piston speed of 3.310
power input to pumps for 3.325
selection of 3.308
solids entering 3.326
torque of 3.310
vent system for 3.315
Inverted-tooth (silent) chain drive 3.48

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Index Terms Links

Investments: return on, for energy savings 3.545

Involute splines 3.107
face width of 3.108
number of teeth for 3.109
size of 3.108

Kern distance 1.156

Keyway, cutting of 3.152
Kirchhoff’s 4.5
Kites for wind energy 3.523ff

Laminar flow 3.437

in pipes 3.426
Learning curves 3.175 3.176
Life of springs 3.98
designing parts for expected 3.111
Lighting systems 4.49
heat recoverable from 2.44 4.76
indoor 4.49
coefficients of utilization of 4.49 4.54
illumination level of 4.33 4.49
light sources for 4.51
performance factors in 4.55
outdoor 4.56
pole placements for 4.58
recommended lighting levels for 4.57
Lightning protection 4.9 4.87

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Index Terms Links

arrester selection 4.9

incidence of thunderstorms 4.87
type of system to use 4.87
zone of protection 4.88
Line sizing for flashing condensate 5.22
Liquid 3.424ff
siphon 3.435
specific gravity of 3.436
viscosity of 3.425
Liquid-liquid separation 5.13
Liquid springs 3.92
Liquid-vapor separators 5.44
horizontal 5.46
vertical 5.44
Load factor 1.28 1.52 1.65 1.70 1.85
Load-stress factors 3.113
Lot size in manufacturing 3.180
Lube-oil coolers, engine 3.326

Machine design and analysis 3.8

Magnel diagram 1.157
Manning formula factor 5.22
Material balance 5.6
Materials handling 3.338
bulk elevators and conveyors 3.345
conveyor characteristics 3.347
horsepower (kW) required for 3.346

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Materials handling (Cont.)

maximum belt speeds for 3.349
minimum belt width for 3.348
pneumatic conveying systems 3.351
air quantities for 3.354
design calculations for 3.352
duct diameters for 3.354
duct gages for 3.358
duct resistance in 3.355
entrance losses of 3.357
screw conveyors 3.348
capacity and speed of 3.349
material factors for 3.350
size factors for 3.350
Mean effective pressure 3.306
Mechanical-drive turbines 3.239
Mechanical engineering 3.1
Mechanism method of plastic design 1.36
Membrane vibration 3.147
Metalworking 3.150
angle and length of cut 3.154
bending, dimpling, and drawing 3.186
blank diameters for 3.189
blanking, drawing, and necking 3.170
breakeven in 3.190
Brinnel hardness 3.178
broaching 3.165
centerless grinder 3.185
cutting speed for lowest cost 3.183

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Metalworking (Cont.)
cutting speeds in 3.151
cutting time in 3.152
drill penetration rate 3.185
economical cutting speeds and production rates 3.178
element time in 3.151
grinding 3.164
hobbing 3.165
horsepower (kW) required for 3.181
keyway cutting 3.152
learning curves in 3.176
mechanical-press capacity 3.169
milling-machine feed and approach 3.153
milling operations 3.161 3.162 3.185
minimum lot size for 3.155
operator time of 3.151
optimum lot size in 3.180
oxyacetylene cutting 3.167
planer operations 3.163
plating of metals 3.171
precision dimensions 3.181
press fits 3.172
presswork force 3.168
reorder quantity for 3.184
savings with more machinable materials 3.184
sawing time 3.166
serrating time 3.165
shaper operations 3.163
shrink fits 3.172

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Metalworking (Cont.)
splining 3.165
tapers and dovetails 3.153
tapping time 3.161
thread milling 3.185
threading time 3.156 3.157
time and power for 3.156
boring 3.156
countersinking 3.156
drilling 3.156
facing 3.157
reaming 3.156
time to tap 3.158 3.161
time to thread 3.158
tool-change time in 3.155
tool feed rate in 3.154
true unit time of 3.135
turning time for 3.156
turret-lathe power 3.159
constants for 3.160
Methane gas 7.8
Milling machine:
cutting speed of 3.161
feed for 3.153 3.159
horsepower (kVA) of 3.162
teeth number for 3.161
Minimum lot size 3.153
Minimum safe flow for pump 3.386

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Mixer cooling-water flow rate 5.14

Mixing of two airstreams 2.58
Modulus of elasticity 1.50 1.67 1.69
Moisture content of saturated air 2.73
Molal method of combustion analysis 3.203
Mollier diagram, steam 3.211
Moment:
bending (see Bending moment)
of inertia 1.13ff
geared drive 3.34
Moment-area method 1.49ff
Moment distribution 1.169
Motors, electric (see Electric motors)
Multiple milling 3.160
Multirate helical springs 3.88

National Pollution Discharge Elimination System

(NPDES) 7.18
Natural gas, combustion of 3.197
Necking of metals 3.170
Net positive suction head for pumps 3.381
Neutral axis in composite beam 1.179
NO3 formation 5.42 7.18
Noise-reduction material 3.128
Noncircular shafts 3.131
composite 3.133
cross-shaped 3.138
four-keyway 3.136

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Noncircular shafts (Cont.)

four-spline 3.134
milled 3.133
pinned-shaft 3.138
rectangular 3.137
single-keyway 3.135
single-spline 3.136
two-keyway 3.135
two-spline 3.137
Noncondensable gases (NCCs) 7.28
Notice of commencement (NOC) 5.11
Nonutility generation (NUG) 7.27

Oil-film bearings 3.59

Oil pipes, pressure loss in 3.437
Operating costs 7.17
Operating speed for pumps 3.362
Optimum lot size 3.153
Orifice meter, pipe 3.421
Outdoor lighting 4.56
Oxyacetylene cutting 3.167
Ozone Transport Commission 3.319

Parabolic curve:
coordinates of 1.166
Passive solar heating 2.113
Performance curves, wind-energy machines 3.523

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Permanent-magnet motors 4.77 4.81

analysis 4.81
dimensionless efficiency curves 4.81
electrical measurement analysis 4.81
equivalent motor circuit 4.83
factor of merit 4.82
performance characteristics 4.77 4.79
stall and drag torques 4.79
universal performance formulas 4.78
Piping (and fluid flow) 3.405
allowable stresses in 3.407
anchor force in 3.462
chart determination of friction head 3.426
cold-spring effect 3.452
compressed-air pressure loss 3.443
corrugated expansion joint 3.466
equivalent length: of parallel pipeline 3.434
of series pipeline 3.433
expansion-bend stress, deflection of 3.462
fluid velocities in 3.406
friction loss, for solids in suspension 3.481
gas pressure loss 2.21ff 3.443
flow rate of 3.444
hanger selection for 3.445
spacing 3.446
Hazen-Williams formula 3.320 3.424 3.433
head loss in water piping 3.425
heat insulation for 3.420

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Permanent-magnet motors (Cont.)

heat loss in uninsulated 3.530
hydraulic radius of 3.424
laminar flow, pressure loss with 3.437
liquid siphon height 3.435
liquid specific gravity in 3.436
liquid velocity in 3.423
liquid viscosity in 3.439
orifice meter for 3.421
pipe bends for 3.453
pipe slope for 3.451
plastic piping 3.480
plumbing (see Plumbing and drainage)
pressure loss: in oil pipes 3.437
in steam piping 3.408
pressure-reducing valves for water 3.430
pressure-regulating valve for 3.421
relative carrying capacity of 3.430
schedule number of 3.405
single-plane bends in 3.453
slip-type expansion joint 3.464
steam-transmission lines 3.468
accumulator selection and sizing 3.478
desuperheater analysis 3.477 3.482
steam trap selection for 3.413
bucket-trap capacity 3.417
coefficient of heat transfer for 3.415
condensate formed 3.416
factors in 3.413

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Permanent-magnet motors (Cont.)

impulse-trap capacities 3.418
specific heats for 3.414
unit-heater correction factors for 3.417
tabular determination of friction head 3.426
three-plane bends in 3.460
two-plane bends in 3.456
wall thickness of 3.406ff
wall thickness determination by ANSI 3.406
piping code formula 3.407
warm-up condensate load of 3.412
water-hammer effects 3.435
water-meter, sizing of 3.432
Planer characteristics 3.158
Planetary gears 3.40
Plant gas and vapor disposal 5.31
Plastic design of steel structures 1.27
allowable load 1.28
section shape factors 1.29
determination of ultimate load 1.30
using mechanism method 1.31
fixed-beam analysis 1.32
two-span beam 1.32
selection of continuous beam sizes 1.34
mechanism-method analysis 1.36
rectangular portal frame analysis 1.38
theorem of composite mechanisms 1.39
unsymmetric rectangular frame 1.39

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Plastic design of steel structures (Cont.)

gable frame analysis, static method 1.41
by mechanism method 1.44
theorem of virtual displacements 1.43
reduction in plastic moment capacity 1.45
load and resistance factor method 1.47
compact or non-compact determination 1.148
column axial shortening 1.50
welded section compressive strength 1.50
flexural design strength 1.52
stiffeners for welded beams 1.53
design moment and shear strength 1.55
lightest section to support load 1.58
combined flexure and compression 1.60
selecting concrete-filled column 1.66
column design compressive strength 1.68
analyzing concrete slab 1.70
determining design shear strength 1.72
bearing plate for a beam 1.73
beam length to eliminate bearing plate 1.75
Plastic gears 3.125
horsepower (kW) equations 3.126 3.127
materials for 3.126
safe stress for 3.126
Plastic hinge 1.98
Plastic modulus 1.28 1.29 1.46
Plastic moment 1.45
Plastic piping 3.480

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Plate girder 1.4

Plating of metals 3.171
Plumbing and drainage 2.2
cold- and hot-water piping 2.9
gas piping 2.20
pipe-size determination for 2.2 2.17
roof and yard rainwater systems 2.6
sprinkler systems 2.16
swimming-pool sizing 2.52
Pneumatic conveying systems 3.351
air quantities for 3.354
design calculations for 3.352
duct diameters for 3.354
duct gages for 3.358
duct resistance in 3.355
entrance losses of 3.357
exhaust air quantities in 3.352
Poisson’s ratio 3.119
Polluted beach, cleaning of 7.40
Pollution:
air, reduction of 2.112 2.118
audio 2.90
cross-border 3.206
by tobacco smoke 2.87
Portal method of wind-stress analysis 2.19
Power, generation of (see Power generation)
Power distribution for plants 4.37

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Power factor:
analysis of 4.28
determination of 4.26
improvement of 4.26
Power generation 3.211
air-ejector analysis 3.254
barometric condenser analysis 3.259
with biomass 7.27
bleed-steam regenerative cycle 3.233
boiler efficiency in 3.272
boiler selection 3.282
air ducts for 3.289
fan control selection 3.294
fan selection in 3.287
coal-dryer analysis 3.293
coal storage capacity 3.299
condenser: water pressure loss in 3.257
weight analysis of 3.258
condensing turbine analysis 3.241
constant-entropy steam process 3.222
constant-pressure steam process 3.217
constant-temperature steam process 3.220
constant-volume steam process 3.218
cooling-pond sizing 3.260
feedwater heaters 3.262
closed 3.259
direct-contact 3.262
extraction-cycle 3.267

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Power generation (Cont.)

fire-tube boiler analysis 3.274
geothermal 7.27
internal-combustion engines for 3.301
irreversible adiabatic compression 3.225
irreversible adiabatic expansion 3.223
mechanical-drive turbine analysis 3.239
nuclear (see Nuclear power plants)
properties of gas mixtures 3.299
regenerative-cycle performance, steam turbine 3.243
regenerative-gas turbine 3.301
reheat cycle performance 3.236
reheat-regenerative heat rate 3.246
reversible heating process 3.228
safety valve: capacity of 3.275
selection of, for boiler 3.206 3.285
smokestack sizing 3.296
steam condenser: air-ejector analysis for 3.254
circulating-water pressure 3.257
performance of 3.249
selection of 3.250
weight analysis of,ratio 3.258
steam injection 3.300
steam Mollier diagram for 3.212
steam-quality determination 3.280
steam table use for 3.211
interpolation of values in 3.213
steam turbine-gas turbine cycles 3.247
superheater pressure drop 3.281
throttling processes 3.226

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Power-plant thermal pollution 7.47

Power savings in industrial hydraulic systems 3.148
Power transmission 3.56
Precision dimensions in metalworking 3.181
Premanufacture notificaton (PMN) 5.11
Pressing 3.167 3.170
Pressure loss:
in oil pipes 3.437
in reducing valves for water piping 3.430
in regulating valves 3.422
for solids in suspension 3.481
in steam pipes 3.408
Pressure-reducing valves, for water piping 3.430
Pressurized joint, bolt diameter 3.122
endurance limit of 3.124
loss of clamping force 3.124
required bolt area 3.122
spring rate of 3.123
tightening torque applied 3.125
tightening torque required 3.124
Presswork force 3.168
Prestressed concrete 1.147
analyzing beam with parabolic trajectory 1.167
beam with curved tendons 1.153
beam with deflected tendons 1.152
camber of a beam at transfer 1.158
composite steel-and-concrete beam 1.180
concordant trajectory of a beam 1.171
continuous-beam reactions 1.178

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Prestressed concrete (Cont.)

design of a concrete joist in a ribbed floor 1.183
design of a stair slab 1.184
double-T roof beam design 1.159
effect of beam overload 1.155
effect of increased beam span 1.154
effect of varying eccentricity 1.172
free vibratory motion of a rigid bent 1.185
kern distances 1.156
Magnel diagram construction 1.157
posttensioned girder design 1.162
prestress shear and moment determination 1.147
prestressed beam design guides 1.155
prestressed moments in a continuous beam 1.168
principle of linear transformation 1.170
properties of a parabolic arc 1.166
section moduli determination 1.154
steel beam encased in concrete 1.178
stresses in beam with straight tendons 1.148
capacity and prestressing force in 1.150
trajectory design for two-span continuous beam 1.173
trajectory design–obtain assigned prestress
moments 1.171
Principal axis 1.18ff
Process plant engineering 5.15
Bingham plastics, fiction factor for 5.55
cost estimates 5.35
centrifugal-pump and electric-motor 5.52
correlations in 5.50

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Process plant engineering (Cont.)

heat exchangers and storage tanks 5.50
desuperheater condensers 5.42
energy loss savings 5.24
by relocating units 5.28
from storage tanks and vessels 5.24
from waste heat for refrigeration 5.34
energy savings 5.24 5.31
from recompression 5.29
excess-air analysis 5.36
flashing condensate, line sizing for 5.22
friction factor for Bingham plastics 5.55
gas and vapor disposal, plant 5.31
heat exchanger and storage tank costs 5.50
line sizing for flashing condensate 5.22
liquid-vapor separators 5.44
horizontal 5.46
vertical 5.44
rupture disks 5.48
size and cost estimates, process equipment 5.35
stack height, effective 5.31
steam tracing: for piping 5.15
vessel bottom 5.17
steam transmission line 5.18
without steam traps 5.18
storage vessel, time to empty 5.49
Venturi scrubbers 5.37
waste-heat loss reduction 5.36

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Product of inertia 1.18

Product cooling 3.504
selection 7.3
Project planning, selection 7.3
Properties of combustion elements 3.192
Psychrometric charts 2.48 2.51 2.53 2.58 2.76
Public Utilities Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) 7.27
Pulley, load on shaft 3.10
Pump-down time, vacuum systems 3.338
Pumps (and pumping systems) 3.358
affinity laws for 3.359
analysis of characteristic curves 3.376
centrifugal 3.358
as hydraulic turbines 3.396
characteristics of modern 3.372
chemical-plant 5.12
choice to reduce energy consumption 3.404
classes and types of 3.372
composite chart for 3.373
condensate 3.383
critical speed of 3.389
effect of liquid viscosity 3.390
on reciprocating pumps 3.392
on regenerative pumps 3.390
on rotary pumps 3.394
energy efficiency 3.403
engine 3.325
essential data for 3.371

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Pumps (and pumping systems) (Cont.)

hydraulic system 3.119
hydropneumatic tank sizing 3.395
impeller shapes in 3.360
minimum safe flow for 3.386
net positive suction head for 3.381
pipe friction loss for water 3.428
piping arrangements for 3.364 3.365
rotary pump capacity ranges 3.375
selecting best operating speed of 3.362
selection of: for any system 3.369
for chemical plants 5.12
materials for 3.395
for reduced energy consumption and loss 3.404
shaft deflection of 3.390
similarity laws for 3.359
specific-speed considerations for 3.360 3.364
suction specific speed ratings 3.364
total head on 3.364
types of, by specific speeds 3.364
typical rating table 3.373
for viscous liquids 3.387

Quick design of heat exchangers 3.562

Radiant-heating panels 2.40

Rain forests 7.4

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Rate of springs 3.100

Reaming, time and power for 3.156
Reciprocating-pump performance 3.392
Reciprocating refrigeration compressors 3.512ff
Rectangular springs 3.83
Refrigeration 3.502
centrifugal-machine load analysis 3.515
compressor cycle analysis for 3.509
energy for steam-jet 3.507
heat-pump cycle 3.516
for product cooling 3.504
reciprocating, compressor selection 3.512ff
system selection for 3.502
Regenerative cycle, steam 3.233 3.243
Regenerative-pump performance 3.391
Reheat cycle, steam 3.236
Reheat-regenerative cycle, steam 3.246
Reinforced concrete 1.104
design of flexural members by ultimate-strength
method 1.104
bond stress, determining 1.112
capacity of a rectangular beam 1.106 1.121
one-way interior slab design 1.113
two-way slab analysis 1.115
rectangular beam design 1.106 1.121

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Reinforced concrete (Cont.)

reinforcement area for beam 1.109
reinforcement design 1.107
T-beam capacity 1.107
web reinforcement design 1.111
design of flexural members by
the working-stress method 1.117
capacity of a rectangular beam 1.119
capacity of a T beam 1.123
deflection of a continuous beam 1.127
doubly reinforced rectangular beam 1.126
rectangular beam design 1.121
rectangular beam reinforcement design 1.120
stresses in rectangular beam 1.118
T-beam design 1.124
web reinforcement design 1.122
design of compression members by ultimate-
strength method 1.128
allowable eccentricity of a member 1.132
axial-load capacity of a
rectangular member 1.131
interaction diagram analysis of a rectangular
member 1.129 1.133
design of compression members by working-
stress method 1.132
axial-load capacity of a rectangular member 1.131
interaction diagram analysis of rectangular
member 1.129 1.133
spirally reinforced column design 1.132

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Reinforced concrete (Cont.)

design of column footings 1.136
combined footing design 1.138
isolated square footing 1.137
cantilever retaining walls 1.141
design of a cantilever retaining wall 1.142
Reinforced-plastic springs 3.97
Relative carrying capacity of pipes 3.430
Reorder quantity for metalworking 3.184
Repowering of plants 3.532
Residential-service demand load 4.61
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act 3.281
Retaining wall:
cantilever, design of 1.141
gravity, stability of 1.18
Return on investment for energy saving 3.545
Reversible heating processes 3.228
Reynolds number 3.560
Rigidity, modulus of 1.36
Ring springs 3.89
Riveted connection 1.80 2.7
moment on 1.80 2.7
Robots 3.141
arcs of 3.141
three-link 3.143
types of bodies 3.145
workspace of 3.142

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Roller bearings 3.63

capacity: and cost and size of 3.63
and reliability of 3.65
operating-life analysis of 3.63
radial load rating of 3.64
speed limits for 3.61
Roller chain drives 3.48
Rolling surface wear life 3.113
Roof ventilators 2.83
Rotary pump performance 3.392
Rupture disks 5.48
Rupture factor 3.116
Safety service, sizing centrifugal pumps for 3.402
Safety valves, boiler 3.275 3.276
capacity of 3.275
selection of 3.271
Sanitary engineering 6.1
Manning formula factor 6.14 6.21 6.25
sanitary sewer design 6.20
sewage-treatment methods: products of 6.28
selection of 6.26
sewer-pipe earth load 6.17
sizing sewer pipes 6.14
storm-sewer design 6.25
storm-sewer inlet size and flow rate 6.24
storm-water runoff rate 6.13
water supply: flow rate 6.2
Hardy Cross method 6.2 6.5

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Sanitary engineering (Cont.)

Hazen-Williams equation for 6.3
industrial water requirements 6.10
pressure loss of 6.2 6.9
system selection for 6.5
treatment methods for 6.10
Saturated-air moisture content 2.72
Saturated-solution analysis 5.2
Scale, boiler, savings from reduced 3.546
Schedule number, pipe 3.405
Screw compressor 7.21
Selection of project 7.3
Serrating time 3.165
Sewage treatment 5.26
Sewer pipes:
earth loads of 6.17
sanitary system design 6.20
sizing of 6.14
storm-sewer design 6.25
storm-sewer inlet size and flow rate 6.24
Shaft bearings (see Bearings, shaft)
Shaft vibration damping 3.109
Shafts:
bearings for (see Bearings, shaft)
bending of 3.12 3.13
bending moment of 3.10 3.13
concentrated loads on 3.15
couplings for 3.42
flexible 3.44

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Shafts: (Cont.)
deflection of 3.14
pump 3.390
driver efficiency of 3.8
equivalent bending moment of 3.13
hollow 3.11 3.14
horsepower (kW) of 3.8
ideal torque for 3.13
keys for 3.16
noncircular (see Noncircular shafts)
pump, deflection of 3.390
reactions of 3.10
solid 3.11 3.12
torque of 3.8 3.13
uniform loads on 3.15
Shape factor 1.29
Shaper characteristics 3.158
Shear diagram:
for beam 1.9
for combined footing 1.138
Shell-and-tube heat exchangers 3.487
Short-circuit current 4.15
in power systems 4.17
Shrink fits 3.117 3.172
Similarity laws for pumps 3.359
Size and cost estimates, process equipment 5.35
desuperheater condensers 5.42
heat exchangers and storage tanks 5.50
horizontal liquid-vapor separators 5.46

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Size and cost estimates, process equipment (Cont.)

rupture disks 5.48
Venturi scrubbers 5.37
vertical liquid-vapor separators 5.44
Slenderness ratio 1.16 1.19
Slope of pipes 3.451
Small hydro power 3.546 7.34
Smoke, tobacco 2.87
Smokestacks 3.296
diameter of 3.292
height of 3.292
Snow-melting heating panels 2.42
Solar energy 2.92
ASHRAE 2.98
average annual amount 2.93 2.117
collectors for: choice of 2.92
flat-plate 2.92
heat exchangers for 2.96
key system components 2.95
orientation 2.94
for passive solar heating 2.113
sizing of 2.100
domestic hot-water heater 2.108
F chart method 2.102
heating systems 2.100 2.113
insolation determination 2.109 2.116
passive solar heating 2.113
collector for 2.113
heating contribution 2.117
insolation 2.116

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Sound levels for various occupancies 4.26

Specific gravity of liquid 3.436
Specific speed of pumps 3.360
Speed reducer:
selection of 3.55
torque rating of 3.56
Spiral-type heat exchangers 3.496
Splines, involute 3.107
Splining time 3.165
Springs 3.78
air-snubber 3.94
Belleville 3.89
curved 3.83
helical compression and tension 3.79
life of 3.99
designing parts for expected 3.111
liquid 3.92
multirate helical 3.88
rate of 3.100
reinforced-plastic 3.96
ring 3.91
round- and square-wire helical 3.83
selection for load and deflection 3.78
sizing helical 3.82
square- and rectangular-wire helical 3.81
stripping 3.169
torsion 3.85
torsion-bar 3.88
wire length and weight 3.79

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Sprinkler systems 2.16

pipe sizes for 2.17
piping for 2.16
Square springs 3.85
Stack height, effective 5.29
Stair slab, design of 1.184
Star strut 1.19
Static—regain duct sizing 2.67
Steady-state continuous physical balance 5.7
Steam boiler:
heat balance determination 3.206
selection of 3.282
Steam compressor, choice of 7.19
Steam condenser:
air-ejector analysis for 3.254
circulating-water pressure loss in 3.257
performance of 3.249
selection of 3.253
weight analysis of 3.258
Steam consumption of heating systems 2.35
Steam-jet refrigeration 3.507
Steam piping, pressure loss in 3.408
Steam pressure drop in superheater 3.281
Steam processes 3.213
constant-entropy 3.222
constant-pressure 3.217
constant-temperature 3.220
constant-volume 3.218

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Steam-quality determination 3.280

Steam tables, use of 3.211
interpolation of values in 3.213
Steam tracing: for piping 5.15
vessel bottom 5.17
Steam transmission line 3.468 5.18
without steam traps 5.18
Steam transmission piping 3.468
accumulator selection and sizing 3.478
desuperheater analysis 3.477 3.482
Steam trap selection 3.413
bucket-trap capacity 3.417
coefficient of heat transfer for 3.415
condensate formed 3.412 3.416 3.417
factors in 3.404
impulse-trap capacities 3.418
specific heats for 3.414
unit-heater correction factors for 3.417
Steam turbine-gas turbine cycle analysis 3.247
Steel beams and plate girders 1.4
design of, continuous beam 1.11
cover-plated beam 1.8
with reduced allowable stress 1.6
most economic section 1.5
riveted plate girder, analysis of 1.13
shearing stress in, exact method 1.12
approximate method 1.12
welded plate girder, moment capacity of 1.13
design of 1.15

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Steel columns and tension members 1.18

axial-member design 1.23
beam column 1.24
beam-column factors, application of 1.25
built-up column, capacity of 1.19
double-angle star stud capacity of 1.19
double-angle tension member design 1.26
lacing of built-up column 1.22
net section of tension member 1.25
section selection 1.20
selection of 1.23
stress in 1.21
Steel structures, plastic design of 1.27
Storage tank costs 5.23
Storage vessel:
energy savings from 5.24
time to empty 5.49 5.58
Storm sewer:
design of 6.25
inlet size for 6.24
Storm-water runoff rate 6.12
Storm-water systems 5.25
Strain, axial 1.21
Stress(es):
allowable, in design 1.6 3.114
bending moment 1.119
bond 1.112
for plastic gears 3.125
shearing, in exact method 1.12
in steel columns and tension members 1.21

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Sulfur dioxide 3.192 5.26 5.33 7.8 7.11

7.14 7.18
Superheater, boiler 3.281
Swimming pool, sizing of 2.58
T beam reinforced-concrete 1.123
Tapers, dimensions of 3.149
Tapping time 3.156
Temperature difference in heat exchangers 3.490
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) 7.13
Tension member, steel 1.18
Ternary liquid system 5.3
Thermal pollution, estimating 7.47
Threading time 3.156 3.157
Three moments, theorem of 1.169 1.170
Throttling processes, steam and water 3.226
Thunderstorms, incidence of 4.87
Time: to bore 3.154
for broaching 3.163
to countersink 3.154
to drill 3.154
to empty dished-end vessel 5.58
to empty storage vessel 5.49
to face 3.155
for grinding 3.162
for bobbing 3.163
for oxyacetylene cutting 3.165
to plate metals 3.169
to ream 3.154

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Time: to bore (Cont.)

for sawing 3.164
for serrating 3.163
for splining 3.163
to tap 3.156
to thread 3.156
for thread milling 3.182
for tool change 3.153
to turn 3.153
Timing belts:
center distances of 3.54
horsepower (kW) ratings of 3.54
number of sprocket teeth for 3.53
pitch of 3.53
selection of 3.52
service factors for 3.52
Tool-change time 3.155
Torsion of shaft 3.10 3.11
Torsion-bar springs 3.88
Torsion springs 3.83
Total costs, cogeneration alternatives 7.13
Total element time 3.151
Total head on a pump 3.364
Total operation time 3.150
Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA) 5.11
Tracing, steam:
for piping 5.15
tank bottom 5.17

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Transformed section 1.118

Transformers, electric 4.20
characteristics of 4.20ff
coolant characteristics of 4.22
load-center units 4.22
selection of 4.21
Treatment, sewage 6.26
True unit time 3.153
Turbines:
gas 3.209 3.301
hydraulic 3.546 7.35
mechanical-drive 3.239
steam rates 7.16
steam turbine-gas turbine cycle analysis 3.247
Turning, time for 3.156
Turret lathe:
power constant 3.160
power input 3.159
Two-way slab 1.115

Ultimate load 1.98 1.99

Ultimate-strength method 1.130
Underground storage tank (UST) laws 5.21
Uninsulated pipes, costs of heat loss 3.530
Unit heaters:
blow distances of 2.33
capacity of 2.29
correction factors 3.417

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Unit heaters: (Cont.)

conversion factors for 2.32
diameter of pipes for 2.34
outlet velocities of 2.33
vertical types 2.31 2.34
Unit-load method 1.96
Universal joints 3.46 3.47

V belts 3.21
arc of contact factor for 3.23
correction factors for 3.22 3.24
horsepower (kW) ratings of 3.22ff
length correction factors 3.24
minimum pulley diameters for 3.20
multiple 3.23
service factors for 3.21
sheave dimensions for 3.21
small-diameter factors 3.24
Vacuum systems 3.338
pipe size for 3.344
pump-down time of 3.338
pump selection for 3.338
rating, checking 5.60
system factors for 3.343
Valves, safety 3.275
Variable-speed drive 3.56
Vector algebra 4.8

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Vent, explosion, sizing of 7.42

Vent system, engine 3.315
Ventilation, building 7.44
Ventilators, roof 2.83
Venturi scrubbers 5.37
Vertical shear (see Shear)
pressure, minimum-cost 5.66
prismatic, designing 5.63ff
vacuum rating, checking 5.60
Vessel(s):
with dished ends 5.58
without dished ends 5.49
pressure, minimum-cost 5.66
prismatic, designing 5.63
saving energy loss from 5.24
steam tracing of 5.17
storage 5.17ff
time to empty 5.49 5.58
vacuum rating, checking 5.60
Vibration of bent 2.37
Vibration isolators 2.87
Virtual displacements, theorem of 1.43
Viscosity of liquid 3.425
liquid, effect of, on pump 3.391
Viscous liquid, selecting pump for 3.387
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) 5.43
Voltage drop, tables of 4.24 4.28 4.34
Voltage ratings for power equipment 4.35
Voltage regulation of cables 4.28

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Wall thickness of pipe 3.406ff

Warm-up condensate load, piping 3.412
Waste-heat boiler 3.561
Waste-heat loss reduction 5.36
Water and waste-water engineering 6.2
Water meters, sizing of 3.432
Water pressure, loss in 2.12 3.257
Water-hammer effects in pipes 3.435
Water-supply piping 2.9
Water-supply systems 6.2
flow rates in 6.2
Hardy Cross method for 6.2 6.5
Hazen-Williams equation for 6.3 6.6
industrial water requirements 6.10
pipe sizes for 6.2
pressure losses in 6.2 6.9
selection of 6.5
treatment methods for 6.10
typical municipal sources for 6.7
Wear life of rolling surfaces 3.113
Web reinforcement:
of prestressed-concrete beam 1.150 155
of reinforced-concrete beam 1.104
for welded beams 1.53 1.111 1.112
Welding:
electric-arc 3.165
oxyacetylene 3.165

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Wind-energy systems 3.519

capital costs of 3.524
electric power output 3.520
kites in 3.523ff
machine performance curves 3.523
machine selection 3.509
types of machines 3.511
Wind-shear analysis 1.92
portal method analysis 1.92
cantilever method analysis 1.94
slope-deflection method analysis 1.96
wind drift in a building 1.98
diagonal bracing to reduce wind drift 1.100
Wire length for springs 3.79
Wire-rope drives 3.25
Wire size, choice of 4.27
Wood, combustion of 3.201
Working-stress method 1.117 1.132

Yield-line theory 1.115

Yield moment 2.28

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