Reference Calculation Output

Design of Box Culvert

Ground Level

X
hs
A B
H

hw
hw h
Y
l

D hs
C

Figure 01
Dimentional Properties
h = 1.2 m
l = 1.5 m
Soil Cover , H = 7.2 m
Safe Bearing Pressure = 150 kN/m2
Section Thickness = 0.2 m ( hw , h = span/(10 ~15))
Main R/F = 12 mm
Cover to R/F = 45 mm
Grade of Concrete = 25 N/mm2
Properties of Soil
γc = 24 kN/m3
γs = 20 kN/m3
γw = 9.81 kN/m3
o
Φ' = 25
1 - Permanent Loads
1.1 Dead Loads
The nominal dead doad consist of the weight of the materials and the
part of the structure
Structural Unit Weight of Concrete shall be taken as 24 kN/m3
Engineering Becouse of the arching of soil, check whether the depth above culvert is
Design in > 3 x width of culvert ( in which case limit depth to 3 x width )
preactice
(Roger - Depth of cover (H) = 7.2 m
westbrook) 3 x width = 3 x 1.6
(page-94) = 4.8 m
3 x width < = 7.2 m So
Depth limited to = 4.8 m

Surcharge on Roof
Surcharge Presure (qr) = 4.8 x 20
qr = 96 kN/m2

Soil
Engineering Casses of conduit installation consider as Ditch Conduit
(Spangler & Ditch Conduit
Handy) A ditch conduit is defined as one which is instaled in a relatively narrow
ditch dug in passive or undisturbed soil and wich is then covered with earth
backfill.

Ceylon Electricity Board Doc. No.

C Dam Safety Designed S.M.P Date 31.05.2010
E Environmental & Checked Date
B Civil Structure Maintanance Job Code Page 1
Reference Calculation Output

Maximum load on ditch condition

Depth of cover = 7.2 m

Surcharge on Roof
Surcharge Presure (qr) ,
(qr) = Cd.γ.Bd2
1-e-2Kµ'(H/Bd)
Cd =
2.K.µ'
µ' = tan φ'

K = 1-sin φ
1+sin φ

µ' - coedicient of friction between fill material

and side of ditch
K - Active Lateral earth pressure coeficient
Bd - Horizontal width of ditch at top of conduit
γ - Unit weight (wet density) of filling material
H - Height of fill above top of conduite

Cd - Load coeficient for ditch condition

So, K = 1-sin φ Bd = 3.60 m, Consider 1m length of Roof slab

1+sin φ
= 0.406
µ' = tan φ'
= 0.466
2.K.µ'.(H/Bd) = 0.76
Cd = 1.403

(qr) = Cd.γ.Bd2
(qr) = 101.0 kN/m2

Structural 1.2 Horizontal Earth Pressure

Engineering
Design in If the backfill properties are known,
preactice If wall friction is to be ignored (δ = 0 )
(Roger -
westbrook) K0 = 1-sin Φ' = 0.58
(page-94) Ka = ( 1-sin Φ' ) / ( 1+sin Φ' ) = 0.41

q max = γ.Ka.h
= 20 x 0.41 x 9.1
= 73.9 kN/m2

qep = 20 x 0.41 x 1.9

= 15.42 kN/m2

q = qmax - qep
q = 58.44 kN/m2

Ceylon Electricity Board Doc. No.

C Dam Safety Designed S.M.P Date 31.05.2010
E Environmental & Checked Date
B Civil Structure Maintanance Job Code Page 1
Reference Calculation Output

AASHTO 2 - Vertical Live Loads

3.7.1
For Fill Depths H ≥ 8 feet (2400 mm) and Culvert Clear Span Length,
The effect of live load is neglected in design when the depth of fill is more than
8 feet

3 - Hydrostatic Pressure (Internal)

q ip = C.h
= 9.81 x 1.7
= 16.68 kN/m2

4 - Analysis
Reinforced
Concrete Constant K = h
Designers l
{ hhs } 3w
= 1.21

Manual k1 = K+1 = 2.21

(ref-5.1) k3 = K+3 = 4.21
k5 = 2K+3 = 5.43
k7 = 2K+7 = 9.43
k8 = 3K+8 = 11.64

4.1 Load Case -01 Testing Condition

4.1.1 Hydrostatic Pressure-(Internal)

2
Reinforced A B
MA = MB = qip.h .K.k7
Concrete 60.k1.k3
Designers qip
= 0.99 kN.m/m
Manual
D C
(ref-5.1) q = qip
B.M.D
MC = MD = Ma. K8
Pressures
k7
= 1.22 kN.m/m

4.1.2 Flexure due to weight of wall

Wall weight ( G ) = hw.γ.h q1 = 2.G = 10.20 kN/m2

= 8.2 kN/m l.hw

Reinforced
A B 2
Concrete MA = MB = q1.l .K
Designers 12.k1.k3
G G
Manual = 0.22 kN.m/m
(ref-5.1) D C
q1
Pressures B.M.D MC = MD = Ma. K5
K
= -0.97 kN.m/m

4.1.3 Flexure due to weight of Roof

q = hs.γc = 4.8 kN/m2

Doc. No.
C Dam Safety Designed S.M.P Date 31.05.2010
E Environmental & Checked Date
B Civil Structure Maintanance Job Code Page 2
Reference Calculation Output

A B

MA = MB = MC = MD

2
q = q1
D C = q.l
Pressures B.M.D
12.k1
= -0.35 kN.m/m
Addition of moment for Load case 01
Hydrost- uls- Walls + uls- Total
Position γf Walls Roof γf
atic Mb Roof Mb uls

A and B 0.99 1.4 1.38 0.22 -0.35 -0.14 1.4 -0.19 1.19

C and D 1.22 1.4 1.70 -0.97 -0.35 -1.32 1.4 -1.85 -0.15

Roof mid- **
Span
0.99 1.4 1.38 0.22 1.04 1.4 1.45 2.83
0.82
Base mid- ** **
Span
1.22 1.4 1.70 2.35 1.4 3.29 5.00
1.53 0.82
Walls *
middle
1.4 -2.88 -0.38 -0.35 -0.73 1.4 -1.02 -3.90
-2.06
Table - 01
Fixed end mement of the wall for Hydrostatic load

MA = W.L MC = W.L
15 10
= 1.61 kN.m/m = 2.41 kN.m/m

Maximum (-ve) moment = W.L

(Where x is 0.45L from C) 23.3
= -1.0 kN.m/m

* Calculation of moment at mid span of walls done by aproximatly by adding

moment transferred to mid span from FEM to the Maximum negative meoment
occurred at 0.45L after moment distribution

** Moment at mid span of the wall is calculated by considering full bending

Calculation of midspan moment due to wall load

Niutral axis depth from A = 0.26 m

4.2 Load Case -02 Culvert empty and trench filled

Lateral soil pressurees giving rise to flexture in the structure
"q"is the rectanguler pressure and "qep" is the triangular pressure

4.2.1 Trianguler Pressure,qep

Reinforced
2
Concrete A B MA = MB = qep.h .K.k7
Designers 60.k1.k3
Manual = -0.91 kN.m/m
(ref-5.1)
qep qep D C

Pressures B.M.D
MC = MD = MA. K8
k7
= -1.13 kN.m/m

Doc. No.
C Dam Safety Designed S.M.P Date 31.05.2010
E Environmental & Checked Date
B Civil Structure Maintanance Job Code Page 3
Reference Calculation Output

4.2.2 Surcharge on walls,q A B

MA = MB = MC = MD
2
Reinforced = q.h .K
Concrete 12.k1
D C
Designers = -7.72 kN.m/m Pressures B.M.D

Manual 4.2.3 Surcharge on Roof ,qr A B

(ref-5.1) MA = MB = MC = MD
2
= q.l
12.k1
D C
= -7.45 kN.m/m Pressures B.M.D

Addition of moment for Load Case 2

Walls & Surcharg - Total Total
Posotion qep q γf
Roof(LC-1) e (Roof) (Survice) U.L.S.

A and B -0.91 -7.72 -0.14 -7.45 -16.22 1.4 -22.70

C and D -1.13 -7.72 -1.32 -7.45 -17.62 1.4 -24.66

Roof mid-
-0.91 -7.72 1.04 17.29 9.70 1.4 13.58
Span

Base mid-
-1.13 -7.72 2.35 17.29 10.80 1.4 15.12
Span

* **
Walls middle -0.73 -7.45 6.65 1.4 9.31
1.43 13.39

Fixed end mement of the wall due to qep

MA = W.L MC = W.L
15 10
= 1.49 kN.m/m = 2.23 kN.m/m

Maximum (-ve) moment = W.L

(Where x is 0.45L from C) 23.3
= -1.0 kN.m/m

4.2 Load Case -03

4.2.1 This is load case 02 + Hydrostatic load from Load case 01

L.C.02 Hydrost. Total L.C.02 Hydrost.

Posotion Total (U.L.S.)
(Service) (Service) (Service) (U.L.S.) (U.L.S.)

A and B -16.22 0.99 -15.23 -22.70 1.38 -21.32

C and D -17.62 1.22 -16.40 -24.66 1.70 -22.96

Roof mid-
9.70 0.99 10.69 13.58 1.38 14.96
Span

Base mid-
10.80 1.22 12.02 15.12 1.70 16.83
Span

Walls middle 6.65 -2.06 4.59 9.31 -2.88 6.43

Doc. No.
C Dam Safety Designed S.M.P Date 31.05.2010
E Environmental & Checked Date
B Civil Structure Maintanance Job Code Page 4
Reference Calculation Output

5 - Check on ground safe bearing pressure

5.1 Load Case -01

Hydrostatic Pressure = 16.68 kN/m2

Weight of walls = 10.20 kN/m2
Weight of Roof + Floor = 9.60 kN/m2
Total Pressure = 36.48 kN/m2
Total Pressure < 150 kN/m2 hence ok

5.2 Load Case -02

Weight of walls = 10.20 kN/m2

Weight of Roof + Floor = 9.60 kN/m2
Surcharge on Roof = 96.00
kN/m2
Total Pressure = 115.80 kN/m2
Total Pressure < 150 kN/m2 hence ok

5.3 Load Case -03

Weight of walls = 10.20 kN/m2

Weight of Roof + Floor = 9.60 kN/m2
Surcharge on Roof = 96.00 kN/m2
Hydrostatic Pressure = 16.68
kN/m2
Total Pressure = 122.28 kN/m2
Total Pressure < 150 kN/m2 hence ok

6 - U.L.S. of Flexture
Maximum Moments kN.m/m
Member Hogging Sagging
Roof -22.70 (L.C-01) 14.96 (L.C-03)
Walls -24.66 (L.C-02) 9.31 (L.C-02)
Base -24.66 (L.C-02) 16.83 (L.C-03)

i - Slabs
Maximum Moment = 24.15 kN.m/m

Doc. No.
C Dam Safety Designed S.M.P Date 31.05.2010
E Environmental & Checked Date
B Civil Structure Maintanance Job Code Page 5
Reference Calculation Output

6- Design Calculation for Box Culvert

6.1 U.L.S. of Flexture

Analysis was carried out for several load cases of various loading
arrangements to find out the maximum effect on the Box culvert

Diameter of main reinforcement = mm

12
Diameter of secondary reinforcement = mm
12
Section Thickness = 200 mm

Maximum Bending Moment = 24.15 kN.m/m

Assume severe environment condition, for driving rain

Cover = 45 mm

Effective depth, d = 200 - 45 - 6 d = 149 mm

= 149 mm
2
k = M / (bd fcu) 2
= (24.15x106 /(1000x1492x25)
= 0.044 < 0.156
Hence no compression r/f is required

M = (0.87fy)Asz equation 1
z = (1 - 1.1fyAs/ fcubd) d equation 5 from these two equations

z = d (0.5+(0.25-k/0.9)1/2
1/2
z = d [0.5+(0.25-0.044/0.9)
= 141.41 < 0.950 d

Take Z as 0.95d
Z = 0.95 d
= 0.95 x 149 = 142 mm

6.1.1 Design of main reinforcement

As = M / 0.87fyz
= 24.15 x106 / 0.87x460x142 As req =
= 426 mm2/m 426 mm2/m
= 2 As pro =
Use T 12 @ 250 ( As 452 mm /m
452 mm2/m
Minimum area of main rainforcement for slabs
100As / bad = 100x452/(1000x149) = 0.30 ## 0.13 Main r/f
T 12 @ 250
Hence o.k

6.2 Design for Shear Reinforcement

Check shear in U.L.S. on roof and floor slabs

Take Load case 02
Shear across support = ( 115.80 - Wt of Base x γf )
= 109.08 kN/m2

Therefore shear in the support = 109.08 x 1.2 /2

= 65.45 kN/m

Doc. No.
C Dam Safety Designed S.M.P Date 31.05.2010
E Environmental & Checked Date
B Civil Structure Maintanance Job Code Page 6
Reference Calculation Output

Design shear force, V design = 65.45 kN/m

Effective depth, d =
149 mm
Tension steel across shear plane = Y12 -250 c/c

100 As/bd = 100 x 452

1000x149
= 0.30

BS 8110 Effective depth = 149 mm

1/3. 1/4
Part 01 vc = 0.79x{(100As/bd) (400/d) /1.25
table 3.1 = 0.54

Design shear stress v = V/bd

= (65.45x103)/(1000x149)
= 0.44 N/mm2
v < vc Hence o.k

6.3 Check in U.L.S. on the ability of the wall to trasmit the axial loads

Bs 8110 Treat as a column with bending at right angle to wall

3.9.3.6.2 Check h/hw = 1.7 / 0.2
3.4.4.1 = 8.5 < 12
hence column is short
BS 8110 indicates that the effect of the axial load may be ignored if this force does
not exceed 0.1.fcu.(c.s.a.)
hence 0.1.fcu.(C.S.A) = 0.1 x 30 x 200
= 600 kN/m
Ultimate Load /m/Wall = 1/2( 96.0 x 1.7 x 1.4
+ 0.2 x 1.7 x 24x1.4 )
= 120 kN/m < 600 kN/m
hence o.k.
The above calculation assumes that the wall is cosidered as reignfoced and not
mass concrete
vertical R/F provided = Y 12 @ 200 2 Layers
so Area = 1131.0 mm2

Percentage of Concrete area = 1131.0 x 100

1000 x 149
= 0.76 % > 0.4 %
This is > Minimum of 0.4% hence o.k.

Doc. No.
C Dam Safety Designed S.M.P Date 31.05.2010
E Environmental & Checked Date
B Civil Structure Maintanance Job Code Page 7
Reference Calculation Output

Doc. No.
C Dam Safety Designed S.M.P Date 31.05.2010
E Environmental & Checked Date
B Civil Structure Maintanance Job Code Page 8