Have you

done it?
CHAPTER II – PERFECT TENSES
PAST PERFECT TENSE
(Completed actions in the past)

Time signals:
for..., since..., by the time..., before, when,
after, until, as soon as
 The situation was
Subject + had + past
completed by the time participle (V3)
another past event
occured.
Subject + had not (hadn’t) +
past participle (V3)
When a sentence
describes two past
events, the past perfect Had + subject + past
tense indicates what participle (V3) + ?
happened first.

Completed Actions in te Past

(Past Perfect Tense)
 FUNCTION: 01
*TO DESCRIBE A PAST ACTION HAPPENED BEFORE ANOTHER PAST ACTION.
*TO DESCRIBE AN ACTION HAPPENED BEFORE A STATED TIME IN THE PAST.
*TO DESCRIBE AN EVENT THAT WAS ONLY A SHORT TIME EARLIER THAN BEFORE NOW.

[ Menyatakan suatu kegiatan/kejadian yang terjadi (telah selesai) sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi (di waktu lampau). ]
[ Biasanya ada dua kegiatan (bisa juga lebih dari 2 kegiatan) yang beriringan. Kegiatan yang menyusul biasanya
dinyatakan dalam Simple Past)

EXAMPLES:

1. (+) When I arrived at school, the gate had closed. 3. (+) The train had just left when I arrived at the station.
(-) When I arrived at school, the gate hadn’t closed. (-) The train had not left when I arrived at the station.
(?) Had the gate closed when you arrived at school? (?) Had the train just left when I arrived at the station?

2. (+) Susan had studied Thai before she moved to Thailand.
(-) Susan hadn’t studied Thai before she moved to
Thailand.
(?) Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to
Thailand?
4. (+) Ratu had gone to the store before she went home.
(-) Ratu hadn’t gone to the store before she went home.
(?) Had Ratu gone to the store before she went home?
 FUNCTION: 02
TO DESCRIBE THE RESULT AT A MOMENT IN THE PAST OF SOMETHING THAT TOOK PLACE BEFORE
THAT MOMENT.

EXAMPLES:

1. (+) I had lost my keys, so I couldn’t get into the house.

(-) I had not lost my keys, so I could get into the house.
(?) Had you found your keys?

2. (+) My brother came when I had swept the floor. NOT BELONG TO
(-) My brother came when I had not swept the floor. THIS FUNCTION
(?) Had you swept the floor when your brother came? (There’s no result)

3. (+) She had received bad news, so she stayed up all night.
(-) She had not received bad news, so she could sleep earlier.
(?) Had she received bad news?
Yes, she had. That’s why she stayed up all night.
 SPECIAL
had + been CONDITION! had + had
(Kalimat nominal)

S + had + been + (complement) S + had + (V3 of Have) + (complement)

 Ronald ___ (be) the forest ranger for 20 years before he  Before Prabu went to campus, he ___(have) her
passed away. breakfast.
Ronald had been the forest ranger 20 years before he Before Prabu went to campus, he had had her breakfast.
passed away. Subject = He
Subject = Ronald Past perfect = had
Past perfect = had V3 of have = had
V3 of be = been Complement = her breakfast
Complement = the forest ranger 20 years before he passed away.
 I ___ (have) a holiday to England before I came here.
 Mom ___ (be) with Dad since she was still 15 years old. I had had a holiday to England before I came here.
Mom had been with Dad since she was still 15 years old. Subject = I
Subject = Mom Past perfect = had
Past perfect = had V3 of have = had
V3 of be = been Complement = a holiday to England before I came here
Complement = with Dad since she was still 15 years old.
Past Perfect Tense

Vina had just finished her big dinner when Jordy came in, bringing her
favourite cakes.
A) Vina had cakes for dinner.
B) Vina and Jordy had dinner together.
C) Vina must not have finished her dinner.
D) Jordy didn’t see Vina having her big dinner.
E) Jordy would have dinner after eating his favourite cakes

What can we conclude from those sentences?

Which action that happened first?
 THANKS
Does anyone have any
questions?