WINDING

CONTENT
• What is Armature winding?
• Terms related to armature winding.
• Single layer and double layer windings.
• Comparison between closed and open windings.
• Types of DC armature winding.
• Types of AC armature winding.
 What is armature winding?
• Armature winding: Armature winding may be
defined as an arrangement of conductors to produce
emf by relative motion in a hetropolar magnetic
field.
 Terms related to armature winding
1) Conductor.
2) Overhang.
3) Turn.
4) Coil.
5) Coil side.
6) Coil span or coil pitch.
7) Pole pitch.
8) Back pitch .
9) Front pitch.
10) Winding pitch.
11) Commutator pitch.
12) Numbering scheme.
Single layer and double layer windings.
• Depending upon the physical arrangement of
conductors or coil sides in a slot,
• The armature windings can be classified as:
a) Single layer winding.
b) Double layer winding.
Single layer winding
Double layer winding
 Comparison between closed and open
windings.
Closed winding
1. In this winding, there is a
closed path around the
armature periphery.
2. These winding are always
double layer type.
3. Closed winding are used in
D.C. machine.
4. Design is not flexible.
Open winding
1. In this, winding is not closed
instead the armature may be
left open at one or more
points forming several
sections.
2. These winding can be either
single layer or double layer
types.
3. Open winding are used in a.c.
Machines, induction and
synchronous machines.
4. Flexible design.
 Types of DC armature winding

• According to the way of connecting the conductors, D.C

armature winding are classified as:-
1) Lap winding.
2) Wave winding.
 Lap winding :- The way of connecting armature coil sides to
the commutator, there are two types of lap winding:
 Progressive lap winding .
 Retrogressive lap winding.
Lap winding.
a) Progressive lap winding
b) Retrogressive lap winding.
 AC armature winding
• In ac machine ,the stator ac armature winding
in which the alternating emf is inclued. The
winding armature if a dc machines is closed
and the closed windings are always double
layer type. The winding used for armature of
ac machines is open. The open winding can be
either single layer or double later type.
 Terms related to AC armature
windings.
1) Coil span
2) Full pitched winding
3) Short pitched or chorded winding
4) Integral slot winding
5) Fractional slot winding
 Winding factors
Pitch factor or chording factor or coil span
factor.
• It is defined as the ratio of vector sum of induced emfs per coil
to the arithmetic sum of the induced emfs/coil and is denoted
by kp or kc.
• Kp = vector sum of induced emfs/coil
arithmatic sum of the induced emfs/coil E=2 ES cosα/2
It is always less then unity
ES = induced emf in each side of the coil
• If the coil is full-pitched then the total induced
emf in coil = 2Es .
• If the coil is short by an angle α, then their
resultant emf E will be the vector sum of two
voltages
• E =2 Es cos α/2
• Pitch factor kp =

=
(ii).Distribution factor or spread factor
 Commonly Used AC Windings
The following type of windings are most
commonly used for the stator of ac machine:

• (i) single layer mush windings

• This winding is used for small induction
motors.
(ii) Double layer lap windings

• These windings are commonly used for

medium and large size Ac machines like
induction motors and synchronous
machines.
• (i) Design and development of mush windings
• This is a single layer winding and is most
commonly used for mall induction motors.
 Conditions for designing a mush
windings
a) The coils should have a constant span.
b) There should be one coil side per a slot.
It means that, the number of coil sides = number
of slots
(c) There should be only one coil group per phase
per pole pair.
(d) The coil span must be odd integer.