GAS LAW PROPONEN STATEMENT MATHEMATICAL VARIABLES GRAPH EQUATION DERIVED REAL-LIFE

T EXPRESSION AND THEIR EQUATION APPLICATION

RELATIONSHIP

BIKE PUMP- When the

PV handle is pushed down, the
V 1= 2 2 pressure increases
P1
momentarily as the gas
Pressure is inside compresses. And the
P2 V 2
indirectly 1 Volume & P 1= pressurized gas is pushed
BOYLE’S LAW Robert Boyle proportional to
V∝ Pressure are P1 V 1=P2 V 2 V1
P inside a tire.
Volume, at At constant T & n Indirectly AIR BUBBLES- The air
constant Proportional P1 V 1 bubbles expand as they
Temperature V 2= ascend in water. As bubbles
P2
rise, the pressure also
decreases. And according to
P1 V 1
P 2= Boyle's law, the air bubbles
V2 expand.
HOT AIR BALLOON- As the
temperature of the air
increases, the volume of the
air also increases and
consequently, the density
V 2T 1 decreases. This makes the
V 1= envelope lighter than the
T2
atmospheric air surrounding
Volume is it. The buoyant force
V 1T 2
directly Volume & V1 V2 V 2= pushes the lighter envelope
CHARLES’ LAW Jacques proportional to V ∝T Temperature are = T1 up in the air, and it flies.
T 1 T2
Charles Absolute At constant P Directly HELIUM BALLOON-
Temperature, at Proportional V1T2 experience expansion and
constant T 1= contraction with change in
V2
Pressure surrounding temperature. If
V 2T 1 you take a balloon out in a
T 2= snowy day, it crumbles.
V1 When the same balloon is
brought back to a warm
room, it regains its original
shape.
GUN BULLET- When the
bullet from a gun is ignited,
 the chemical energy stored
PT in the shell of the bullet is
P 1= 2 1 converted into heat by
T2
chemical reactions. This
Pressure is heat increases the
P1 T 2
directly Pressure & P 1 P2 P 2= temperature which as per
GAY-LUSSAC’S Joseph Louis proportional to P ∝T Temperature are = T1 Gay-Lussac's law increases
T1 T 2
LAW Gay-Lussac Absolute At constant V Directly the pressure. Because of
Temperature, at Proportional P1 T 2 the high pressure, the bullet
constant Volume T 1= is fired from the gun.
P2 PRESSURE COOKER- When a
pressure cooker is kept on a
P2 T 1 heating source (stove). As
T 2=
P1 per Gay-Lussac's law, the
pressure of the fluid in the
cooker increases with the
rising of the temperature.
COMBINED Pressure & kT Volume, REFRIGERATOR- They apply
GAS LAW Volume are
V∝ P2 V 2 T 1 P1the
V 1 Tcombined
P P 1= P2 =
2 gas law when
directly P1V 1 P2V 2 T2 V 1 Tthey
V
1 2 remove heat from
proportional to Or
= their systems. The process
T1 T2
Absolute PV T P ofV refrigeration
T2 starts when
Temperature, PV V 1= 2 2 1 V 2= 1the1 compressed gas stored
k∝ T 2 P1 T1 P2
but indirectly T in refrigerator coils
proportional to P1 V 1 T 2 P2 expands.
V 2 T 1 This in turn lowers
each other T 1= T 2= the temperature of the gas
P2 V 2 P1 V 1
and transfers heat energy
from the coil material to the
gas. As gas is pumped
through the coils, its
pressure compresses the
heat energy. This raises the
temperature of the gas.
Heat is released through
the coils into the outside
air, which in turn allows the
refrigerator to stay cool.
The cycle repeats when
compressed gas is pumped
through the system again.
IDEAL GAS LAW Volume is Volume is nRT
directly
P=
V
proportional to PV =nRT PV =nRT nRT
Absolute V=
P
Temperature &
PV PV
Number of T= n=
Moles, but nR RT
indirectly
proportional to
Pressure
AVOGADRO’S Lorenzo Volume is V ∝n Volume &
LAW Romano directly At constant T & P Number of Moles V1 V2 V 2 n1 V n
Amedeo proportional to are Directly = V 1= V 2= 1 2
n1 n2 n2 n1
Carlo Number of Proportional
Avogadro Moles, V 1 n2 V n
At constant n1 = n2 = 2 1
Temperature &
V2 V1
Pressure