Name Zain Ali Roll No 2018-EE-311

Experiment#7
To study the operation of Direct Coupled two stage amplifier.

APPARATUS:
 Breadboard
 Oscilloscope
 Regulated DC power supply
 Required components
 Connecting leads
DIRECT COUPLED AMPLIFIER

Introduction:
A direct-coupled amplifier or DC amplifier is a type of amplifier in which the output of
one stage of the amplifier is coupled to the input of the next stage in such a way as to permit
signals with zero frequency, also referred to as direct current, to pass from input to output.

Advantages:
There are several advantages of using this type of amplifier, including:

 Simple circuit arrangement as there are minimum number of components

 For above reason, also quite inexpensive
 Can be used to amplify zero and low frequency signals
 The circuit arrangement is simple because of minimum use of resistors.

Disadvantages:

In addition to the advantages, there are also several known disadvantages. These include:

In dc amplifier DRIFT is observed, which is an unwanted change in output voltage

without change in input voltage.
 The output changes with the age or time and change in supply voltage.
 Transistor parameter like vbe and β changes with temperature. this causes change in
collector current and voltage. Therefore, the output voltage changes
 Any noise or stray pickup appearing at the input of the amplifier increases at the
output, due to the high gain.
PROTEUS WORK:
 Connect the given circuit on Proteus as shown blow:
  The voltage across each node is:

Nodes VB1 VC1 VE1 VC2 VE2

Values 1.01 5.34 0.30 8.80 4.62
(V)

 Connect the signal generator at the input and oscilloscope at the output of stage 1 and
stage 2 as shown below:

 The Voltage Gains are:

Avo1= 5.2
Avo2 = 1.7
AvT = Avo1 x Avo2 = 8.8
CONCLUSION:
In this experiment, we observed that at very low frequency the frequency response of a
direct coupled amplifier is better then that of an RC or a transformer coupled amplifier.
In direct coupled amplifier, the total voltage gain of the amplifier is the product of
voltage gain of both stages.