Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
ABHISHEK G
DIVYASHREE M Y
KRISHNAKANTH M
PRANEETH ASHWINAY
SANJANA N
SHARANYA H B
SRUJANA G R
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION - WHAT IS A VAULT ?
HISTORY OF VAULTS
ELEMENTS OF VAULT
TYPES OF VAULT
MATERIALS
ADVANTAGES & DIS-ADVANTAGES OF VAULT
EXAMPLES OF VAULT : TRADITIONAL AND MODERN
ANALYSIS OF STUDY
TREATMENT OF JOINTS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VAULTS
DURABILITY
CASE STUDY: OSTYER BAY
VAULT
An arched structure , usually of masonry , used as ceiling or canopy or
as a support for the roof.
Masonry walls are composed of wedge shaped pieces called voussiors ,
which are held in place by the pressure of the neighbouring pieces.
A temporary supporting structure must be erected within the vaulted
area during the construction
HISTORY OF VAULTS
• In ancient Egypt vaulting was used, chiefly for drains
• The Chaldaeans and Assyrians used vaults for the same purpose
• Roman and Romanesque styles of vaulting started in the first century.
• Casting concrete in one solid mass, the romans created vaults of perfect
rigidity, devoid of external thrust and no butresses
• Roman vaults were the basis on which complex and varied forms were
developed in the middle ages
• Greeks made no use of vaults.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DOMES AND VAULTS
DOMES VAULTS
A DOME IS AN ELEMENT OF ARCHITECTURE THAT A VAULT IS A CEILING OF BRICK , CONCRETE, STONE ,
RESMBLES THE HOLLOW UPPER PART OF A SPHERE. TIMBER ,ETC BUILT IN PRINCIPLE OF ARCH
AN ARCH ROTATED AROUND ITS CENTRAL AXIS.
A MASONRY DOME PRODUCES AN THRUST
DOWNWARD AND OUTWARD .
DOMES CAN BE SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS OR PIERS. IT CANNOT BE LIGHTED EXCEPT AT THE ENDS
WITHOUT BEING STRUCTURALLY WEAKENED
MUST BE BUTTRESSED ALONG ITS ENTIRE LENGTH BY
HEAVY WALLS .
TYPES OF VAULTS
• Barrel vault
• Groin vault
• Rib vault
• Cloister vault
• Fan vault
• Net vault
• Annular vault
• Rampant vault
• Catalan vault
BARREL VAULT
BARREL VAULT
• IMPOST
Top course of a pillar or a wall
that supports the arch or vault.
• INTRADOS
Inner curve of an a arch or vault.
• VOUSSIOR
A wedge shaped or tapered stone
used to construct an arch or a vault .
BARREL VAULTS
• THE BAREL VAULT IS THE MOST STRAIGHT
FORWARD SINGLE CURVATURE SHELL
CONSTRUCTION.
• ANY NUMBER OF CONTINIUOUS SPANS ARE
POSSIBLE BUT SUFFICIENT GAPS SHOULD BE
GIVEN .
• TWO TYPES OF BARREL VAULTS :
1. LONG SPAN BARREL VAULTS
2. SHORT SPAN BARREL VAULTS
LONG SPAN BARREL VAULTS SHORT SPAN BARREL VAULTS
Step 2:Bricks are arranged using mortar Step 3:The bricks with mortar are arranged from
the edge of the vault until it reach at the thrust
of the vault
Timber vault
Brick vault
Durable and fire-proof
• Cohesive construction made buildings durable & fire-proof.
• Example: The Santa Maria del Mar in Barcelona,
• Material: Built of stone.
Which burned for 11 days during the Spanish Civil War, without collapsing or too
much damage.
• The magnificent baroque altar and all the images and historical archive were all
destroyed.
• Only the walls, columns and a few of the stained glass windows on the upper
level were spared
The Santa Maria del Mar
COMPARISON OF TRADITIONAL AND
MODERN VAULTS
TRADITIONAL VAULT
• VAULT IS ARCH SHAPED STRUCTURE , ITS USUALLY A MASONRY USED FOR CEILING AND
OTHER ENCLOSED SPACE
• MASONARY VALTS ARE USUALLY COMPOSED OF WEDGE-SHAPED PIECES CALLED VOUSSOIRS
• WHICH ARE HELD IN PLACE LIKE THE STONES OF AN ARCH BY THE PRESSURE OF THE
NEIGHBOURING PIELES
• BECAUSE OF THE COMBINED PRESSURE OF ITS COMPONENTS AN ARC EXERTS AN OUTWARD
PRESSURE AT ITS BASE
MODERN VAULTS
• 20TH CENTURY FOUND GREAT ADVANCES IN REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN .THE ADVENT OF
THE CONSTRUCTION AND BETTER MATHEMATICAL UNDERSTANDING OF HYPERBOLIC
PARABOLOIDS ALLOWED VERY THIN STRONG VAULTS TO BE CONSTRUCTED WITH PREVIOUSLY
UNSEEN SHAPE
• VAULT- THE VAULT IS OF LOCALLY- MADE CLAY FUSE OVER THE CONCRETE SLAB , WHICH
PROVIDES A NON- CONDITIONAL LAYER. WATER CASCADES ALSO PROVIDE INTERESTING
VISUAL EXPERIENCES
• VAULTED ROOF FORM – THE VENTILATING WINDOW AT UPPER VOLUME RELEASES THE
ACCUMULATED HOT AIR THROUGH PRESSURE DIFFERENCES
• THE STRUCTURE IS CLOSELY INTEGRATED WITH THE OUTDOOR SPACE
TRADITIONAL MODERN
MOSTLY BARREL, SOME GROIN GROIN – VAULTED CATHEDRALS
• ARCH TYPE
ROUNDED SRCHES POINTED ARCHES
• ELEVATION
HORIZONTAL , MODEST HEIGHT VERTICAL , SOARING
• EXTERIOR
PLAN LITTLE DECORATION , SOLID MORE REALISTIC PROPORTIONS AND
INDIVIDUALIZED FEATURES
• MOOD
DARK , GLOOMY
TALL , LIGHT-FILLED
• EXAMPLES
ST SERNIN , TOULOUSE, FRANCE
CHARTRES CATHEDRAL , FRANCE. NOTRE DAME,
PARIS, FRANCE
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• Gives more volume at a lower costs than • Increased cooling or heating costs .
adding floor area .
• It looks good over other forms of • Good labour and supervision necessary.
construction .
• Dead load can be reduced by
economizing foundation and supporting • Raise of roofs may be a disadvantage .
system.
• The curved shapes often used for
concrete are naturally strong structures. • Shuttering problem .
• Using RCC as a building material reduces
both material cost and the construction • Since concrete is porous material,
cost. concrete vaults or domes often have
• As concrete is relatively inexpensive and issues with sealing. If not treated, rain
easily cast into compound curves water can seep through the roof and leak
into the interior of the building.
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