Better English 8 Class Answers Book PDF

ANSWERS BOOK
Introduction
Better English is a series of six books aimed at improving literacy in primary schools. Each book includes
a 30-unit literacy programme based on a comprehensive grammar scheme, a range of exciting, thought-
provoking and imaginative texts, a detailed and challenging language programme and a structured,
weekly assessment of pupil progress.
Features include:
• Systematically developed literacy skills programme
• Extensive vocabulary to enhance and extend pupils’ language
• Thematic-based programme to facilitate multi-grade work
• Grammar scheme developed from 3rd class through to 8th class
• An extensive range of text and poetry providing challenging and enjoyable comprehension
exercises
• Structured spelling scheme as part of the assessment programme
• Topics that provide for an integrated literacy focus across the curriculum
• Weekly assessments including grammar, proofing, dictation and spelling
• Week-by-week pupil profile as a guide for pupils, parents and teachers
• Online guidelines and materials for teachers
Better English 7th Class and Better English 8th Class extend and build on the language programme
of third and fourth classes. These books include a four-page, 30-unit pattern of work as follows:
• Page 1 Grammar: exercises supporting accurate and confident use of language
• Page 2 Comprehension: range of literary genres prompting creative, reflective responses
• Page 3 Word Study: focus on vocabulary and structured guidelines for essays and debates
• Page 4 Check-up: structured, weekly assessments aimed at informing and motivating
Editor : Ciara McNee

Design and layout : Philip Ryan Graphic Design
Illustrations : Tim Hutchinson
Cover illustration : Sue King
© 2013 Educate.ie, Castleisland, County Kerry, Ireland
ISBN: 978-1-62142-186-3
© Copyright for all over India by Vikram Book Links Pvt. Ltd.,
Printed in Ireland by Walsh Colour Print, Castleisland, County Kerry. Freephone 1800 613 111.
The author and publisher would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce photographs: Alamy Images;
Associated Press; Glow Images; Rehab and Robbie Reynolds/CPR; O’Brien Press; Google Earth; Lorcan O’Toole and
the Golden Eagle Trust; Wikicommons and the following contributors: David Rydevik; PaoMic; Roberto De Martino;
Jörg Hempel; Benjamint444; Andreas Trepte, www.photo-natur.de; Paneu; Sławomir Staszczuk; Nobu Tamura; Glen
Fergus; DLJAMESON; Luigi Chiesa; Nino Verde; David Monniaux; Stahlkocher.
The author and publisher would like to thank the following for permission to reproduce copyrighted material:
Random House and Henry Holt for “Stopping By Woods on a Snowy Evening” by Robert Frost; “The Lion, the
Witch and the Wardrobe” by C.S. Lewis copyright © C.S. Lewis Pte. Ltd. 1950. Extract reprinted by permission; Celia
Berrell for “Town and Country Air”; From A Series of Unfortunate Events: The Bad Beginning by Lemony Snicket.
Copyright © Lemony Snicket 1999. Published in the UK by Egmont UK Ltd London and used with permission;
O’Brien Press for an extract from The Blue Horse by Marita Conlon-McKenna; Carrie’s War copyright © Nina Bawden
1973, reproduced with permission of Curtis Brown Group Ltd; Carlton Books and Andre Deutsch for “The Tale of the
Custard Dragon” by Ogden Nash; “Oh, I Wish I’d Looked After Me Teeth” from The Works by Pam Ayres published
by Random House. © Pam Ayres 1992. Reprinted by permission of Sheil Land and Associates Ltd.
Without limiting the rights under copyright, this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade
or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in
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arrangements at the first opportunity.
1 Grammar: Comprehension: 22 Grammar:
Capital letters and full stops ...... 4 Sharu Googles home ................ 45 Plurals ....................................... 88
Comprehension: Word Study .............................. 46 Comprehension:
Conall the golden eagle ............. 5 Check-up .................................. 47 The sparkle of Arkle ................. 89
Word Study ................................ 6 12 Grammar: Word Study .............................. 90
Check-up .................................... 7 Rewind 2 ................................... 48 Check-up .................................. 91
2 Grammar: Comprehension: 23 Grammar:
Nouns 1 ...................................... 8 The Old Woman of the Roads Adverbs ..................................... 92
Comprehension: by Pádraic Colum ....................... 49 Comprehension:
Antarctica and the South Pole ... 9 Word Study .............................. 50 The world’s biggest
Word Study .............................. 10 Check-up .................................. 51 ever snake! ................................ 93
Check-up .................................. 11 13 Grammar: Word Study .............................. 94
3 How to Write: Adjectives .................................. 52 Check-up .................................. 95
A formal letter .......................... 12 Comprehension: 24 Grammar:
Comprehension: The wooden horse of Troy ....... 53 Rewind 4 ................................... 96
The Tale of Custard the Dragon Word Study .............................. 54 Comprehension:
by Ogden Nash ........................... 13 Check-up .................................. 55 The Plaint of the Camel
Word Study .............................. 14 14 Grammar: by Charles Edward ...................... 97
Check-up .................................. 15 Commas ................................... 56 Word Study .............................. 98
4 Grammar: Comprehension: Check-up .................................. 99
Quotation marks ...................... 16 Working for a better world ...... 57 25 Grammar:
Comprehension: Word Study .............................. 58 Compound words .................. 100
Koalas – not bears! ................... 17 Check-up .................................. 59 Comprehension:
Word Study .............................. 18 15 How to Write: Tsunami .................................. 101
Check-up .................................. 19 From personal experience ........ 60 Word Study ............................ 102
5 Grammar: Comprehension: Check-up ................................ 103
Sentences .................................. 20 When I Grow Up 26 Grammar:
Comprehension: by Matt Simpson ......................... 61 Prefixes and suffixes ............... 104
Bookworms .............................. 21 Word Study .............................. 62 Comprehension:
Word Study .............................. 22 Check-up .................................. 63 Hero on the Hudson .............. 105
Check-up .................................. 23 16 Grammar: Word Study ............................ 106
6 Grammar: Nouns 2 .................................... 64 Check-up ................................ 107
Rewind 1 ................................... 24 Comprehension: 27 How to Write:
Comprehension: The Bubble car .......................... 65 A serious poem ....................... 108
Oh, I Wish I’d Looked after Word Study .............................. 66 Poet-tree by Spike Milligan
Me Teeth by Pam Ayres ............. 25 Check-up .................................. 67 Little by Little Anon.
Word Study .............................. 26 17 Grammar: Comprehension:
Check-up .................................. 27 Contractions ............................. 68 The Blind Men and
7 Grammar: Comprehension: the Elephant
Ownership ................................ 28 Ayrton Senna ............................ 69 by John Godfrey Saxe ................ 109
Comprehension: Word Study .............................. 70 Word Study ............................ 110
Wooden Heart .......................... 29 Check-up .................................. 71 Check-up ................................ 111
Word Study .............................. 30 18 Grammar: 28 Grammar:
Check-up .................................. 31 Rewind 3 ................................... 72 Pronouns ................................ 112
8 Grammar: Comprehension: Comprehension:
Verbs ......................................... 32 The Wind in a Frolic Atlas holds up the world ........ 113
Comprehension: by William Howitt ...................... 73 Word Study ............................ 114
Pasta parade .............................. 33 Word Study .............................. 74 Check-up ................................ 115
Word Study .............................. 34 Check-up .................................. 75 29 Grammar:
Check-up .................................. 35 19 Grammar: Colons, semicolons
9 How to Write: Clauses and sentences .............. 76 and brackets ............................ 116
A closing paragraph ................. 36 Comprehension: Comprehension:
Comprehension: The mother with Seabirds ................................... 117
Winter poems ........................... 37 140 children ............................. 77 Word Study ............................ 118
Stopping by Woods Word Study .............................. 78 Check-up ................................ 119
on a Snowy Evening Check-up .................................. 79 30 Grammar:
by Robert Frost 20 Grammar: Rewind 5 ................................. 120
Mooses Come Walking More punctuation .................... 80 Comprehension:
by Arlo Guthrie Comprehension: The Rivers of India
Word Study .............................. 38 Bears in the sky ......................... 81 by John Irvine ........................... 121
Check-up .................................. 39 Word Study .............................. 82 Word Study ............................ 122
10 Grammar: Check-up .................................. 83 Check-up ................................ 123
Dictionary work ....................... 40 21 How to Write:
Comprehension: A biography .............................. 84 Spell Well ............................... 124
Sharu goes missing ................... 41 Comprehension: Spelling in Context ............... 125
Word Study .............................. 42 Rats! by Robert Browning ........... 85 My Profile ............................... 126
Check-up .................................. 43 Word Study .............................. 86 Useful Phrases ....................... 128
11 Grammar: Check-up .................................. 87
Homophones ........................... 44
P.A. = PERSONAL ANSWER V.A. = VARIABLE ANSWER

Capital letters and full stops
A capital letter is used:
• to begin a sentence • for the name of a person, place, day or month
• for languages and nationalities • for the name of a special day or festival
• for titles of books or films • for the letter “I” when used on its own
A full stop (.) is used to end a sentence.
A Proofread this paragraph very carefully. Rewrite it in your copy.

next year my parents are sending me to a place called doon valley in dehradoon to study for the
year. i will go to school there and stay in a dormitory. writing is in the hindi so i am going to
improve my hindi. i don’t know anybody there yet but I am hoping to make a lot of new friends.
my cousin ganesh went last year and she loved every minute of it. we visited her on saint patrick’s
day and it seemed like a really nice place. my parents have promised to visit me at the weekend
and we will be able to go out for lunch. i am both nervous and excited about my new adventure.
Next year my parents are sending me to a place called Doop Valley in Dehradoon
___________________________________________________________________________________
to study for the year.
___________________________________________________________________________________
Capital letters are always used for names and titles of people (Dr Lakshmi Raj),
a particular place (Vijayawada), an institution (Tagore College)
or an event (the World Cup).
Seasons of the year
do not require
B Rewrite these sentences using capital letters and full stops. capital letters.
1. the president of the united states of america is a very powerful person.

2. rk narayan, the indian author of karnataka, will be interviewed next wednesday.
3. when our house flooded last winter we had to call the insurance corporation of india.
4. there is a flight from dublin to belfast every monday, wednesday and friday.
5. when i am older i hope to study in university college pilani.
6. some shops in the republic of india don’t open on sundays.
7. every january the indian republic day takes place at redfort.
8. my family and I go on holidays to tirupathi during the summer.
9. my friend from assam is teaching me assami as i will visit there next spring.
10. last night my brother and i watched an old film called the jungle book.
Capital letters and full stops are often used to shorten long phrases. You will often see
These are called abbreviations. Example: United States of America U.S.A. these abbreviations
without
the full stops:
C Abbreviate the following. both ways are correct.
1. Health Service Executive H.S.E. 6. National Cadet Corp. N.C.C.

2. United Kingdom U.K. 7. Digital Video Disc D.V.D.
Continuous Comprehensive
3. World Health Organisation W.H.O. 8.
Evoluation
C.C.E.
4. Indian Premier League I.P.L. 9. Indian Postal Order I.P.O.
5. Unidentified Flying Object U.F.O. 10. Human Resources Departpment H.R.D.
4 Better English - 8 Answers Book
Conall the golden eagle
This is Conall, a golden eagle. He was born in Donegal in April 2009. Tír Chonaill,
meaning “the land of Conall”, is another name for Donegal. Eagles are almost
extinct in Ireland so there was great excitement when Conall was born. Conall’s
father was brought to Donegal from Scotland and his mother was brought from
England. Conall spent 76 days – until mid-July – in the nest. His parents brought
him food. Eagles are birds of prey, meaning they hunt and eat other animals.
Conall’s meals included fox and badger cubs, young hare and pheasant. An eagle’s
nest is called an eyrie.
On 18 June, 2009, Conall was fitted with a small satellite tag so that his
movements could be tracked after he left home. In early July, Conall left the
eyrie for the first time. He spent some days nearby practising flying and soaring,
and building the muscle strength in his wings.
For six months, Conall travelled through Donegal, Leitrim and Sligo. He was
getting bigger and stronger. At 2.00 p.m. on 16 February, 2010, Conall’s satellite showed that
he was no longer moving. Sadly, Conall, just nine months old, died on Truskmore Mountain in
Sligo. He ate poisoned food, which had probably been left out to poison wild animals that kill
farm animals.
Lorcan O’Toole runs the Golden Eagle Trust, a project to bring eagles back to Ireland. When
Lorcan was a young boy, he spent all his time after school out looking at birds, caring for
injured birds and reading about birds. Lorcan really loved Conall. He put the satellite on Conall
so that he could keep an eye on him. Sadly, he also had to collect Conall in the mountains
when his feathered friend died.
A Answer the questions. P.A.

1. Write three things you know about Conall. (i) _____________________________________
(ii) __________________________________ (iii) ____________________________________
2. What is a bird of prey? __________________________________________________________
3. Name three types of animal that Conall ate. (i) _____________________________________
(ii) __________________________________ (iii) ___________________________________
4. How do we know that Conall was in Donegal, Leitrim and Sligo? _____________________
5. What happened to Conall in February 2010? _______________________________________
6. Who is Lorcan O’Toole? ________________________________________________________
B True () or False ()?

Golden eagles… Conall… Donegal…
are rarely seen in Ireland  started life in Donegal  is a place in Scotland 
are eaten by lambs and travelled to other is also called Tír
chickens  counties  Chonaill 
live in an eyrie  was killed by a satellite  is where Conall died 
spend less than three was lucky to meet
months in the nest  Lorcan  is a bad place for eagles 
C Imagine… You are Lorcan O’Toole. Write a note to Conall. P.A.

Dear Conall, _______________________________________________________________________
Lots of love from your friend, Lorcan
Better English - 8 Answers Book 5
A Comprehension. Proverbs are wise old sayings. Match the proverb to its meaning.
1. Let sleeping dogs lie. (i) Your work will be better if you take your time.
2. Out of sight out of mind. (ii) Get things done while you can.
Make hay while the sun You must practise something to become good
3. (iii)
shines. at it.
4. Practise makes perfect. (iv) Leave the past alone, what’s done is done.
People are quickly forgotten when they’re
5. Slow but sure wins the race. (v)
gone.
B Vocabulary. Ring the correct word to complete each comparison.

1. Stop is to go as light is to bulb see heavy delicate
2. Give is to take as stand is to sit person tired stood
3. Helmet is to head as seat-belt is to car body law strap
4. Pillow is to bed as cushion is to sofa comfort sleep soft
5. Stone is to plum as yolk is to thing egg yellow omelette
6. Lick is to lips as blink is to quick eye cry stare
C Word Structure. Add a second syllable to make a word. V.A.

1. ea/ger 5. mus/ ic 9. prac/ tice
2. fa/ vour 6. in/ vest 10. luck/ y
3. trav/ el 7. feath/ er 11. rare/ ly
4. par/ ty 8. moun/ tain 12. pro/ duce
D Think, plan, write… Write a summary of “Conall the Golden Eagle”. Map out the main
points first. P.A.
Opening fact Fact 2 Fact 3 Fact 4 Fact 5 Closing fact
Born in
Donegal
E Teaser Time
1. Use the alphabet to answer the questions.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
(i) What is the 13th letter of the alphabet? M
______________
(ii) What is the fourth letter after Q? U
______________
(iii) Which five letters with curves come together? O, P, Q, R, S
______________
(iv) If F = T and H = V and so on, what does L = ? Z
______________
(v) Which letter comes halfway between E and Y? O
______________
2. Spot the error. Underline one wrong word in each sentence.
(i) The farmer picked the potatoes from the tree.
(ii) She put the tub of ice-cream back into the oven.
(iii) After supper, he opened the curtain to let some daylight in.

* Score each exercise out of 10.
A Vocabulary. Match the related words. Use each word only once.
den paddock sty eyrie burrow cave loft web coop hive
1. chicken coop 6. bear cave
2. eagle eyrie 7. spider web
3. pigeon loft 8. pig sty
4. fox den 9. rabbit burrow
5. horse paddock 10. bees hive Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “Conall: the golden eagle”, are these
sentences true () or false ()?
1. Conall was a golden eagle.  6. Conall was tracked using binoculars. 
2. Conall was born in Sligo.  7. An eagle lives in an eyrie. 
3. Irish eagles are almost extinct.  8. Conall died because he was starving. 
4. Eagles hunt for sheep.  9. Conall died aged nine months. 
5. Conall’s mother is from England.  10. He died in Sligo. 
Score
C Grammar. Rewrite the sentences using capital letters and full stops.
1. I hope that the World Cup is on TV.
i hope that the world Cup is on TV. _______________________________________________
2. The President of UCD spoke.
The president of UCD spoke _____________________________________________________
3. We are meeting Dr Smarts.
We are meeting dr Smarts _______________________________________________________
4. I sat on a boat in Courtown Harbour.
i sat on a boat in courtown Harbour. ______________________________________________
5. Baghdad is the capital of Iraq.
baghdad is the capital of Iraq ____________________________________________________
Score
D Proofing. Underline the ten errors and write the correction above the error.
Identical County
Identicit twins Leona and Lisa Maguire are from county Cavan and were born in 1994. The
As won
twins are very talented golfers. as teenagers, they one most of the big golf competitions for
women Portuguese
woman, including the French and portuguese Opens. They were also European Champions.
Great
When they were just 15, they became the youngest ever players to represent Ireland and great
Britain in the Curtis Cup – one of the most important golf competitions for women. Leona and
Lisa amateur
lisa are Amateur golfers. Score
E Spelling. Ten words will be read aloud. Listen and write them correctly.
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Nouns 1
Nouns are divided into two main groups: proper nouns and common nouns.
A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing.
Examples : Subhash Bose, Mysore, India
A common noun is a name shared with everything of the same kind.
Examples : girl, boy, car, cat
A Divide the following nouns into common nouns and proper nouns.
1. Rome 3. boat 5. leather 7. boy 9. Savanth
2. Jabalpur 4. box 6. Satpura 8. ocean 10. Qutubminar
Common
nouns boat box leather boy ocean
Proper
nouns Rome Jabalpur Satpura Qutubminar Savanth
Nouns can be concrete, abstract or collective.

Concrete noun is the name given to a material object (something you can touch).
Examples: phone, book
Abstract noun is the name given to a feeling or quality (something you can’t
touch). Examples: sadness, bravery
Collective noun is the name given to a group of people or things.
Examples: crowd (of people), flock (of sheep)
Note: Words such as he, she and I are not concrete, abstract or collective nouns.
B Write COL beside each collective noun, CON beside each concrete noun and A beside
each abstract noun.
CON is a farmer (____)
Tom (____) A of the year (____)
CON and works 365 days (____) A because animals
CON COL
(____) always have to be taken care of. He keeps a herd of cattle (____) that he raises for beef
CON as well as a flock of sheep (____).
(____), COL He also has a couple of hens (____),
COL which he keeps
A in the products (____)
CON He takes great pride (____)
for eggs (____). CON that are produced on his farm
CON Every morning (____)
(____). A he rises early, and puts on an old pair of wellies (____)
COL and his
CON A A
overalls (____) before he starts work (____). Although the work (____) is difficult, he gets a lot
A One of his favourite parts of the job (____)
of satisfaction from it (____). A is the excitement that
CON at the mart (____).
comes with the sale of his animals (____) CON Farming is a skill that Tom (____)
CON
CON and mother (____).
learned from his father (____) CON
C Match each of the following to the correct collective noun in the box.
herd crew team swarm flock choir
orchestra shoal pair gaggle litter fleet
1. a team of athletes 5. a herd of cattle 9. a swarm of bees
2. a choir of singers 6. a flock of sheep 10. a shoal of fish
3. a litter of kittens 7. a gaggle of geese 11. a crew of sailors
4. a pair of shoes 8. an orchestraof musicians 12. a fleet of ships

Antarctica and the South Pole
Antarctica is a huge continent at the bottom of planet earth.
The continent and surrounding Southern Ocean are also known
as the Antarctic. Antarctica is bigger than Europe but not quite
as big as North America. It has no native people, no native
language and no money! Ninety-eight per cent of Antarctica is
covered in an ice-cap that is on average at least 1.6 kilometres
thick! Not surprisingly, it is the coldest, driest, windiest place on
earth. Going to Antarctica is a bit like going into a deep freeze.
The South Pole is in the very middle of Antarctica. There are two seasons in the South Pole
– winter and summer. During winter (March to September), it is dark all the time because the
South Pole is facing away from the sun. The other six months are summer (still freezing!) when
it is bright 24 hours a day.
Who wants to live in the coldest, windiest, driest place on earth? Penguins, seals, whales, a
few types of birds and fish, of course. The Antarctic is teeming with wildlife that has adapted to
living in freezing conditions. Penguins huddle together for warmth and whales and seals have
plenty of blubber (fatty tissue) to help prevent them getting cold.
ANTARCTIC AIRPORTS
South
Believe it or not, there are quite a few airports in the Antarctic. The America
Atl
an
tic
most recently opened airport is Wilkins Runway, which is
Oc
ea
n
40 kilometres from the coast. Work began on the ice runway in South
Africa
O c e an
2005 but was carried out during summer months only because even Antarctica
fic
during the “hot” season the temperature can be as low as –35 °C. South
Paci
Pole
I nd
The ice runway is 4 kilometres long. Before the use of planes and Wilkins
i an
Runway ea
Oc
n
helicopters, it took scientists five weeks to travel from Australia by
boat to Antarctica. They can now get there in less than five hours.

1. Where is Antarctica? ____________________________________________________________
2. How much of Antarctica is covered in ice? ______%
3. Where is the South Pole? ________________________________________________________
4. Name three animals found in the Antarctic. (i) __________ (ii) _________ (iii) __________
5. How do penguins stay warm? ____________________________________________________
Antarctica… In the Antarctic… Wilkins Runway…

blubber keeps seals
is the North Pole region  warm  is made of ice 
has only two seasons  June is in mid-winter  opened in 2005 
it is bright all through is 50 kilometres from
is dark all winter  December  the coast 
C Imagine… You are going to Antarctica. List six things you would need to bring
with you. P.A.

A Comprehension. Similes make interesting comparisons. What do these similes mean?
1. She sings like an angel. She has a lovely singing voice.
2. It fits like a glove. It fits perfectly.
3. This is like watching grass grow. This is really boring.
4. He babbles like a brook. He talks too much.
5. He was out like a light. He fell asleep straight away.
B Vocabulary. Choose the two words or phrases that mean the same as those in the table.
lots of layers bursting with stop cash searcher currency
gather together adventurer don’t allow full of chunky bunch up
cash bunch up
1. money 4. huddle
currency gather together
lots of layers adventurer
2. thick 5. explorer
chunky searcher
bursting with stop
3. teeming 6. prevent
full of don’t allow
C Word Structure. Write the letter string that fits all the words in each row.
1. e __
l__ a __v __s
e e __
h__ a __
v __
en e __
b__ a __v __
er e __
w__ a __
v __
e e __
__ a __v __sdrop
e e __
cl__ a __v __
e
2. a __
p__ t __
h a __
f__ t __er
h a __t __room
b__ h a __
bre__ t __e
h a __
g__ t __er
h a __
__ t __lete
h
e __
3. ch__ e __ful
r e __e __r
st__ e __e __r
d__ e __
engin__ e __
r e __
p__ e __
r e __
j__ e __
r
D Think, plan, write… Write a short poem on the theme of “Freezing moments”. P.A.
• Step 1: Think of a title, for example, “Nice Ice!”, “Polar Bear”, “My Day Away”.
• Step 2: Select key words and complete the rhyming table.
• Step 3: Plan one, two or three short verses. Write the poem.
• Step 4: Draw a sketch of your poem. Sign your name. Well done!
Key words cold
Rhyming word 1 bold
Rhyming word 2 told
E Teaser Time V.A.
1. Add one letter to make a word. The letter can be placed anywhere in the word.
(i) plu plug (iv) chet cheat (vii) tne tone
(ii) het heat (v) ries cries (viii) baer baker
(iii) sot soot (vi) srt sort (ix) suce sauce
2. What am I? Use the clues and rearrange the letters to find the answers.
(i) The more you take from me the bigger I get. (ohel) hole
___________________
(ii) It’s yours, yet others use it more. (mena) name
___________________
(iii) I rise and fall without moving. (retmepueatr) temperature
___________________

A Vocabulary. Write the words that match the descriptions.

Words beginning with “cr” Words ending with “age”
1. stomach pain cramp 6. a platform for actors stage
2. hard/end piece of bread crust 7. one of many in a book page
3. fold in paper or cloth crease 8. bravery courage
4. it rises to the top of milk cream 9. place to store a car garage
5. make something new create 10. anger rage
Score
B Comprehension. Complete each sentence with two facts from “Antarctica and the
South Pole”.
lasts 6 months is in Antarctica 40 km from the coast 4 km long covered in ice
has 2 seasons a huge continent is always dark currency native people
1. Antarctica has no (i) currency (ii) native people
2. The South Pole (i) is in Antarctica (ii) has 2 seasons
3. A South Pole winter (i) lasts 6 months (ii) is always dark
4. Wilkins Runway is (i) 4 km long (ii) 40 km from the coast
5. Antarctica is (i) a huge continent (ii) covered in ice
Score
C Grammar. Are these nouns collective (COL), abstract (A) or concrete (CON)?
1. Sikkim CON 6. bravery A

2. chair CON 7. choir COL
3. flock COL 8. Mark CON
4. television CON 9. team COL
5. happiness A 10. curiosity A Score
D Dictation. A passage will be read aloud. Write the text accurately.

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

A formal letter
Sometimes we write to an organisation or a person that we do not know well. This is
called a formal letter or a formal email. A formal letter requires an addressed envelope.
When writing a formal letter, write your own address and the date in the top right-
hand corner. The name and address of the person or organisation that you are writing
to goes on the left-hand side.
A Write a letter telling the curator (the manager or person who oversees) how much you
enjoyed your recent class visit to the museum. Tell him/her what you liked
(or disliked). P.A.
Your own address

and the date.
Include the
person’s full
name or title and
business address. Head Curator,
Salar Jung Museum,
Afzal Gunj,
If you don’t know
a person’s name
HYDERABAD-12.
address
them like this.
Dear Sir/Madam,
Close a formal
letter with “Yours
sincerely” if you
know the name of
the person you
are writing to and
“Yours faithfully”
if you do not know
the name of the
person. Yours faithfully,
Signature
B Write a letter to the Director of Children’s Programmes in RTÉ, asking to appear on

their new quiz show. Include information about yourself (age, school, interests) and
why you believe you are suitable for the show. P.A.
Writing an email is just like writing a letter. You do not need to add your address
and the date as these are included automatically in the email.
C Imagine… You bought a stale bag of popcorn in a shop. Write a formal email to the
manager of the shop explaining what happened, when it happened and why you are
not pleased. P.A.

The Tale of Custard the Dragon
Belinda lived in a little white house, At the realio, trulio, cowardly dragon.
With a little black kitten and a little grey Suddenly, suddenly they heard a nasty sound,
mouse, And Mustard growled, and they all looked
And a little yellow dog and a little red wagon, around.
And a realio, trulio, little pet dragon. Meowch! cried Ink, and Ooh! cried Belinda,
For there was a pirate, climbing in the winda.
Now the name of the little black kitten was
Ink, Pistol in his left hand, pistol in his right,
And the little grey mouse, she called her Blink, And he held in his teeth a cutlass bright,
And the little yellow dog was sharp as His beard was black, one leg was wood;
Mustard, It was clear that the pirate meant no good.
But the dragon was a coward, and she called
Belinda paled, and she cried, Help! Help!
him Custard.
But Mustard fled with a terrified yelp,
Custard the dragon had big sharp teeth, Ink trickled down to the bottom of the
And spikes on top of him and scales household,
underneath, And little mouse Blink was strategically
Mouth like a fireplace, chimney for a nose, mouseholed.
And realio, trulio, daggers on his toes.
But up jumped Custard, snorting like an
Belinda was as brave as a barrel full of bears, engine,
And Ink and Blink chased lions down the Clashed his tail like irons in a dungeon,
stairs, With a clatter and a clank and a jangling
Mustard was as brave as a tiger in a rage, squirm
But Custard cried for a nice safe cage. He went at the pirate like a robin at a worm.
Belinda tickled him, she tickled him The pirate gaped at Belinda’s dragon,
unmerciful, And gulped some grog from his pocket flagon,
Ink, Blink and Mustard, they rudely called him He fired two bullets but they didn’t hit,
Percival, And Custard gobbled him, every bit.
They all sat laughing in the little red wagon

1. What pets did Belinda have? _____________________________________________________
2. What was unusual about the dragon? _____________________________________________
3. Describe the pirate. _____________________________________________________________
4. How did Custard show his courage? ______________________________________________
5. Do you like this poem? Yes  No  Why? _______________________________________
6. Which of Belinda’s pets would you like to be? ______ Why? __________________________
B Pet Profile. Choose one word from the list to describe each of Belinda’s pets.P.A.
jealous pitiful dangerous unusual ordinary cosy quick-footed loyal
mouse ___________ kitten ___________ dog _____________ dragon __________
C Imagine… P.A.
1. Belinda and Custard are having a conversation. Write the conversation.
2. Two of the pets are whispering about Custard. What are they saying?

A Comprehension. Idioms are interesting descriptions. Match the idiom to its meaning.
1. out of the blue (i) a win or some luck
2. a windfall (ii) unexpected
3. in the nick of time (iii) at the last minute
4. teach an old dog new tricks (iv) person of unknown ability
5. a dark horse (v) change an older person’s ways
B Vocabulary. Rewrite the lines from the poem “The Tale of Custard the Dragon” in
another way. P.A.
1.
And gulped some grog from his pocket He swallowed back a drink from a
flagon bottle in his pocket
And little mouse Blink was strategically
2.
mouseholed
3. But the dragon was a coward
4. He went at the pirate like a robin at a worm
5. But Mustard fled with a terrified yelp
C Word Structure. Ring the correct spelling of each word.

1. amny many meny 6. woolen woollen wollen
2. visitor visiter vistor 7. favorite favourite faverit
3. whyte white wite 8. oters others otheres
4. alow allow allou 9. sucsess success sucess
5. said siad sed 10. compeetion compatision competition
D Think, plan, write… Use the plan and the vocabulary to write an essay on the topic
“My amazing pet”. Try to use lots of adjectives. P.A.
embarrassing surprise unexpected appetite grounded finally
awkward unfortunate apologised delightful school discovered
1. What pet? 2. Where/How did it arrive?
Paragraph 1
3. Features/Descriptions… 4. Unusual information…
1. An embarrassing event/day… 2. What happened?
Paragraph 2
3. How did the pet behave? 4. How did you manage?
1. People’s reactions… 2. Feelings…
Paragraph 3
3. How has your pet changed? 4. Life to come with your pet…
E Teaser Time
1. Solve the riddle.
A father and son are in a car accident. The father dies instantly and the son is taken to the
hospital for an operation. One of the surgeons says, “I can’t operate on him because he’s
His mother
my son.” Who is the surgeon? ___________________________________________________
2. Each letter represents a word in this important sequence. What is the missing letter?
S O N D September
J F M A M J J A ____


Words beginning with “dr” Words ending with “ard”
1. lets fall drop 6. sent when on holidays postcard
2. good for thirst drink 7. goes well with apple pie custard
3. terrible, awful dreadful 8. goes well with ham mustard
4. happens in your sleep dream 9. difficult hard
5. dull dreary 10. prize, given for good work reward
Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “The Tale of Custard the Dragon”, are
these sentences true () or false ()?
1. Custard was a dragon.  6. Belinda lived in a little black house. 
2. He had daggers on his fingers.  7. The pirate climbed in the window. 
3. Ink and Blink chased lions.  8. He fired 10 bullets at Custard. 
4. Mustard was a brown dog.  9. The pirate had two wooden legs. 
5. Belinda was afraid of the pirate.  10. Custard ate the pirate. 
Score
C Grammar: Cloze Procedure. Write words to complete the story. V.A.
see them standing waiting in _________
Jenny could _________ the distance. She hoped that the bell
would ring before she reached the gate. That way they would already have _________
_________ gone into
listen to her teacher giving out about being late than face the
the school. She would rather _________
bullies They were making her _________
_________. life a misery. They called her names and said cruel
things Sometimes they pulled her hat _________
_________. off her head, passing it to one _________.
another
Score
For Indian ordinary Kanpur
for many years, the indian Market has served the ordinery people of kanpur. In the past, most
were with
shoppers was looking for simple food such as meat, fish and vegetables. People haggled wit
Nowadays
the stall owners in the hope of getting a better deal. Nowdays people like exotic fruits and
chocolates, organic meats and vegetables, traditional butchers and fishmongers. The Indian
much
Market provides all of these and munch more! It is a wonderful place to visit. Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Quotation marks
Quotation marks (“ ”) are used to show exactly what someone has said.
This is called direct speech.
Quotation marks are also used for the title of a song or poem.
Full stops and question marks usually appear within the quotation marks.
Examples: “I will make this woman disappear,” declared the magician.
“White Christmas” is one of the most famous songs of all time.
A Rewrite these sentences inserting quotation marks in the correct places.

1. “I think that my dog is ill,” cried the owner.“I think that my dog is ill,” cried the owner.
2. “Could I have that sandwich to take away?” asked the teenager.
3. Last week we read a long poem in school called “The Highwayman”.
4. “Please set the table for dinner,” said Dad.
5. “Feed the World” was a famous charity song in the 1980s.
6. “I will pay you to wash my car,” promised my uncle.
7. “I knitted this hat and scarf for you,” said Grandma.
8. “It’s only five days to my birthday,” declared the excited child.
9. “I left my lunchbox in the car,” said the hungry pupil.
10. The Cop shouted, “Move out of the way,” at the scene of the crime.
Indirect speech is reporting what was said.

Direct speech example: “I am not afraid of you,” said the mouse to the elephant.
Indirect speech example: The mouse said that it was not afraid of the elephant.
B Change the following from direct speech to indirect speech.

1. “It will cost Rs.10,” said the shopkeeper.The shopkeeper said that it will cost Rs.10.
2. “I missed the bus,” said the girl.
3. “Has she ever been abroad?” Lily enquired.
4. “That woman stole my purse,” screamed the lady.
5. “Would you like beans with your fry?” asked the waiter.
6. “I go home every weekend,” said the student.
7. “I’m afraid of flying,” said the man to the pilot.
8. “I haven’t seen you for a long time,” said my cousin.
9. “I won the dancing competition,” boasted Jaanu.
10. “I heard you the first time,” shouted my sister.
C Does each of the following contain direct speech (DIR) or indirect speech (INDIR)?
1. “I can’t wait for my summer holidays,” said Jim. DIR
__________________
2. David asked us if we would like to come to his party. INDIR
__________________
3. “Can you please pass the potatoes, Peter,” requested Mum. DIR
__________________
4. Grandad said, “You should be in school today.” DIR
__________________
5. The coach told us to be at training early on Saturday morning. INDIR
__________________
6. The hairdresser asked me how I would like my hair styled. INDIR
__________________

Koalas – not bears!
People often think that koalas are bears but, although they look a bit like a teddy bear, they
belong to the kangaroo family. Koalas and kangaroos are marsupials. Marsupials are animals
that give birth to their babies when the babies are not fully developed. Koalas have their babies
growing inside for only about 40 days.
Koalas have pouches. A baby koala is called a joey and is about the size of a jelly bean when
it is born. It is bright pink and has no hair and no ears and is blind, but it is already a great little
climber. The newborn joey climbs through its mother’s fur until it gets to her pouch and there
it stays for over five months. While in the pouch, the joey drinks its mother’s milk. When it is
strong enough, it starts to peep out of the pouch. It then moves from pouch to piggy back! The
baby koala drinks its mother’s milk until it is about a year old but it also has something new on
the menu – eucalyptus leaves!
FANTASTIC FACTS ABOUT THE FURRY FUZZBALLS

 There are about 100,000 koalas in Australia.
 Koalas have thick grey fur that protects them from heat. They
have large furry ears and leathery noses. The fur on their bottoms
is extra thick so that they can rest comfortably in trees.
 Koalas spend up to 18 hours a day napping.
 Koalas can live for about 10 to 12 years.
 People used to think that koalas smelt like cough drops because
they eat eucalyptus leaves but it isn’t true.
 Koalas are in danger because so many eucalyptus trees are being
cut down for wood.

1. Name two features of koalas. ____________________________________________________
2. What type of animal are koalas? __________________________________________________
3. What type of leaf do koalas eat? __________________________________________________
4. What are joeys? ________________________________________________________________
5. What do koalas do for most of the day? ___________________________________________
6. Why are koalas in danger? _______________________________________________________
Marsupials… Koalas… Joeys…

give birth to very developed can see when they are
babies  have thick grey fur  born 
are tiny when they are
have pouches for babies  are marsupials  born 
are animals like kangaroos  eat eucalyptus leaves  are bad climbers 
include bears  live for about five years  eat cough drops 
C Imagine… Draw what you think a koala looks like at the following ages: P.A.
1. six-month-old joey 2. two-year-old koala 3. eight-year-old koala

A Comprehension. Read the text carefully and then answer the questions.
Dear Ashok, Wednesday 19th April
I met your sister Ramya yesterday. She had arrived from Chennai the day before. She spent
a week there having left Delhi for a holiday. I’m really looking forward to my holiday in
three days’ time. I’ll be in Bangalore for a fortnight. Would you mind collecting me from
the train station at 14:30 when I return?
Krishna
1. On what date did Krishna meet Ashok’s sister? 18th April
2. On what date had Ramya returned from Chennai? 17th April
3. From where had Ramya travelled to Chennai? Delhi
4. On what date had Ashok’s sister gone to Chennai? 11th April
5. On what date was Krishna going on holiday? 22nd April
6. Would Krishna like to be collected in the morning or afternoon? Afternoon
B Vocabulary. Tick the sentences in which the following words are used correctly.
He intended to hit me with He intended the meeting last
1. intended
the ball.  night.
She is the most population We have a small population
2. population
girl in school. in this country. 
The boarder divided the two The boarder paid his rent to
3. boarder
countries. the landlady. 
He was all precious because The medal was very precious
4. precious
he lost. to my mum. 
That woman is a very She made a successful of
5. successful
successful actress.  everything she did.
We overwhelmed the bridge She was overwhelmed by
6. overwhelmed
by car. the applause. 
1. tedd/y 5. new/ est 9. freez/ er

2. moth/ er 6. full/ er 10. cart/ on
3. dan/ ger 7. set/ tle 11. count/ er
4. jump/ er 8. out/ side 12. lem/ on
D Think, plan, write… A motion is a proposal on a topic. Plan a debate for and
against the motion “Children should not have to wear uniforms”. Write three points
supporting the motion and three points against the motion. Use some of these words:
freedom of expression designer labels individual taste make-up laundry
dress code competition tradition uncomfortable practical P.A.
E Teaser Time. Crack the code. Each letter from the second half of the alphabet (N to Z)
corresponds to a letter from the first half of the alphabet (A to M). For example, Z = A,
Y = B. Can you work out the missing words?
URT YVW SROO QZN WVZW SRTS XORNY UVVW
FIG BED HILL JAM DEAD HIGH CLIMB FEED

roar hiss hoot gobble growl trumpet cackle neigh grunt croak
1. snake hiss 6. owl hoot
2. lion roar 7. frog croak
3. bear growl 8. elephant trumpet
4. goose cackle 9. pig grunt
5. horse neigh 10. turkey gobble Score
B Comprehension. Complete each sentence with two facts from “Koalas – not bears!”.
milk as small as a jellybean thick grey fur eucalyptus leaves have a pouch
in danger not bears called joeys are marsupials leathery noses
1. Koalas are (i) not bears (ii) in danger
2. Kangaroos (i) have a pouch (ii) are marsupials
3. Baby koalas are (i) as small as a jellybean (ii) called joeys
4. Koalas have (i) thick grey fur (ii) leathery noses
5. Koalas live on (i) milk (ii) eucalyptus leaves
Score
C Grammar. Is the speech direct (DIR) or indirect (INDIR)?
1. My mum shouted, “I am really annoyed with you!” DIR

2. Elizabeth said that she would meet us outside the theatre. INDIR
3. “Take the bread out of the oven please,” reminded the baker. DIR Give yourself 2 marks
4. Tom asked, “Is it Mekhala’s birthday today?” DIR for each correct answer.
5. I told my dad that I had forgotten the sun cream. INDIR Score

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Sentences
We use a question mark (?) instead of a full stop when we ask a question.
A Punctuate each sentence using a question mark or a full stop or both.

1. .
I’ll carry the shopping bags to the car for you __
2. At what time will you be home __ ?
3. How will I recognise the house __ ?
4. Did it rain much here last summer __ ?
5. Is he spending Christmas with his family __ ?
6. What do you think of my idea __ ?
7. “Have you cleaned your room yet __” ? asked Mum __ .
8. That’s our picnic basket over there __ .
9. She tidied the house and made all the beds __ .
10. Does it take long to get to Pune __ ?
11. I think that they are the same colour __ .
12. They will be ready in ten minutes __ .
13. ?
“Why are you walking so fast __” called Sravani __ .
14. Did Renu take the dog for a walk __ ?
15. We have given ourselves enough time for the trip __ .
16. Please get the dog a bowl of water __ .
A sentence can be:

• A question: asking for information or help.
• A statement: stating a fact or a piece of information.
• An order: telling somebody what to do.
• A wish: saying what you hope or wish for.
B Punctuate the sentences. Are they questions (Q), statements (S), orders (O) or
wishes (W)?
1. Have you finished eating your dinner yet __? Q
______
2. May the road rise to meet you __ . W
______
3. .
We live in a detached house in a street __ S
______
4. Stop fighting with one another __ . O
______
5. Make up your mind quickly __ . O
______
6. Do you remember me from our last meeting __ ? Q
______
7. I hope you have a great time __. W
______
8. We get no homework on Friday evenings __ . S
______
9. .
Be careful with those glasses __ O
______
10. Are you able to make brown bread __ ? Q
______
C You have been asked to babysit your two young cousins for the evening. Write: P.A.
1. three questions you might ask them 3. three orders you might give them
2. three statements you might say to them 4. two wishes you might say to them

Bookworms
Reading is fun! It is a leisure activity that people of all ages enjoy. Babies love picture books.
Children enjoy having a story read to them at bedtime. Once you’ve learned to read, it is nice
to settle up to read a book at school, at home, in a car or bus, or in bed at night. There are
books about everything – nature books, factual books, fairy tales, fables, fiction, detective and
adventure books and many more. Some authors write especially for children.
Libraries are full of all kinds of books. Librarians give advice on books and help us to find
a book. Bookworm is a term used to describe a person who enjoys reading so much that they
always have their head stuck in a book. Are you a bookworm?
Marita Conlon-McKenna is a successful Irish author. In 1990, she
published Under the Hawthorn Tree, her first book for children. This book
is about the Great Famine in Ireland. More than 250,000 copies of Under
the Hawthorn Tree were sold in Ireland. Marita wrote two more books for
children about Famine times in Ireland. Many of her stories are sad and
painful but they describe real life in Ireland long ago. They tell more than a
story – they also teach about Irish history.
BOOKS MARITA CONLON-MCKENNA HAS WRITTEN FOR CHILDREN

Under the Hawthorn
Tree (1990) Peggy is Wildflower Girl (1991) The Blue Horse (1993)
seven but with her Peggy is now 13 years Katie and her Traveller
brother, Michael, and old. After the Famine, family are torn between
sister, Eily, she makes she returns to America staying on the road and
a journey to Ireland for a better life. settling in one place.
during the Famine.
No Goodbye (1995)
Safe Harbour (1994) Fields of Home (1999)
Greg, Lucy, Grace
Sophie and Hugh are Michael, Eily and Peggy
and Conor are trying
evacuated from London have grown up but their
to cope when their
to Ireland during World memory of the Famine
mother leaves home
War II. is still strong.
unexpectedly.

1. What is a bookworm? __________________________________________________________
2. Place in order (1 = favourite, 6 = least favourite) the type of books you enjoy most.
factual ____ nature ____ poetry ____ fairy tales ____ detective ____ fiction ____
3. Which book written by Marita Conlon-McKenna is about:
(i) leaving during a war? _______________ (ii) a Traveller family? __________________
(iii) a mother leaving home? ____________
4. A trilogy is a “group of three” connected books. Which of Marita’s books form a trilogy?
(i) ______________________ (ii) ______________________ (iii) ______________________
5. What is the common theme of the trilogy? _________________________________________
B Select a character from one of the books. Name the character and describe a day in his
or her life. Draw a picture of the character. P.A.
C Imagine… You have written a bestseller! P.A.

Give your book a title, name the three main characters and explain what the story is about.

1. This is as interesting as watching paint dry. This is really boring.
2. He is built like a tank. He is really big and strong.
3. This cuts like butter. This is easy to cut.
4. She swims like a fish. She’s a great swimmer.
5. She chatters like a monkey. She talks a lot.
use temporarily particularly take on loan novelist lately problems
primarily inexpensive not long ago struggles writer affordable
particularly inexpensive
1. especially 4. cheap
primarily affordable
novelist lately
2. author 5. recently
writer not long ago
take on loan problems
3. borrow 6. difficulties
use temporarily struggles
1. e __
l__ a __n
r e __
h__ a __d
r e __
__ a __ly
r e __
__ a __th
r e __
__ a __ache
r e __
__ a __n
r
2. m a __ager
__ __ n m __
wo__ a __n m a __y
__ __ n m a __tel
__ __ n m __a __n gentle__
chair__ m __
a __
n
a __
3. st__ r __
v __
e h__
a __
r __
v __st
e a __r __
c__ v __
e a __
m__ r __
v __l
e a __
dw__ r __
v __s
e sc__
a __
r __
v __s
e
D Think, plan, write… Write a short poem on the theme of “Books”. P.A.
• Step 1: Think of a title, for example, “A Good Read”, “Boring!”, “The Librarian”.
Key words pages
Rhyming word 1 ages
Rhyming word 2 stages
E Teaser Time
1. Add two letters to make a word. The letters can be placed anywhere in the word.
(Hint: weather)
(i) clu cloud (iv) ind windy (vii) huicane hurricane
(ii) huder thunder (vi overst overcast (viii) nny sunny
(iii) foeast forecast (vi) feeing freezing (ix) atwave heatwave
(i) I run but never walk, have a mouth but never talk. (vreir) river
___________________
(ii) I have lots of keys but I can’t open anything. (opnai) piano
___________________
(iii) I do not live but can die. (yttaber) battery
___________________

fields books plays buildings court aeroplanes meat bread animals patients
1. librarian books 6. vet animals

2. architect buildings 7. pilot aeroplanes
3. farmer fields 8. judge court
4. butcher meat 9. doctor patients
5. baker bread 10. actor plays Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “Bookworms”, are these sentences

true () or false ()?
1. All books are about adventures.  6. Marita Conlon-McKenna is a poet. 

2. Bookworms love reading.  7. Many of her books are historical. 
Safe Harbour is set during World
8. She wrote a trilogy about the
3.
War I.  Famine. 
4. Marita is Irish.  9. Marita is a children’s writer. 
5. The Blue Horse was her first book.  10. Librarians sell books to people. 
Score
C Grammar. Punctuate the sentences. Are they questions (Q), statements (S), orders (O)
or wishes (W)?
1. I hope that you have a nice trip. W
_____________
2. Don’t speak to me like that. O
_____________
3. Would you like some orange juice? Q
_____________
4. Did you hang out the clothes? Q
_____________
5. Dinner is nearly ready. S
_____________ Score
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Rewind 1
Let’s look back at nouns, sentences and punctuation.

1. What is an order?
2. When do we use a capital letter?
3. What is the difference between direct speech and indirect speech?
4. What are concrete, abstract and collective nouns?
A Rewrite each sentence with the correct punctuation and capital letters.
1. the announcer said, “the mumbai train is ready to depart.”
2. the librarian asked shankar and me to be silent in the library.
3. the shopkeeper asked the customer, “do you need any help?”
4. “is paul staying for dinner?” asked my father.
5. have they got enough money for the bus?
6. can i plug in my computer before the battery dies?
7. have you flown across the atlantic ocean before?
8. may day on the first of may is celebrated differently in many countries.
9. he asked the mayor to lead the parade on christmas day.
10. “we are going to france on holidays,” announced our aunt.
B Is each underlined noun concrete (CON), abstract (A) or collective (COL)?

1. The government will meet next week. COL
________
2. The hungry wolf chased a flock of sheep. CON
________
3. We measured the length of the room with a measuring tape. A
________
4. Bravery is important if you want to be a soldier. A
________
5. We are reading a really interesting book in class. CON
________
6. We climbed a mountain to raise money for charity. CON
________
7. Ten teams entered the competition. COL
________
8. Srija is very good at embroidery and makes lovely napkins. CON
________
9. The audience clapped and cheered after the performance. COL
________
10. There was a lot of gossip about the movie star. A
________
C Change the orders and statements into questions.

1. Take out the bins in the morning. Are you going to take out the bins in the morning?
________________________________________________
2. Are you going to finish your homework quickly?
Finish your homework quickly. __________________________________________________
3. Does she have three cats and two dogs?
She has three cats and two dogs. _________________________________________________
4. Does the elderly lady’s son live with her?
The elderly lady’s son lives with her. ______________________________________________
5. Are they reading a novel together in class?
They are reading a novel together in class. _________________________________________
6. Did you put your dirty laundry in the basket?
Put your dirty laundry in the basket. ______________________________________________
7. Does your grandma make lovely flapjacks?
Your grandma makes lovely flapjacks. _____________________________________________
8. Are you listening carefully to what I am saying?
Listen carefully to what I am saying. ______________________________________________
9. Are you feeding the animals in the zoo?
Don’t feed the animals in the zoo. ________________________________________________
10. Will you take your feet off the bus seat?
Take your feet off the bus seat. ___________________________________________________

Oh, I Wish I’d Looked after Me Teeth
Oh, I wish I’d looked after me teeth, Oh, I showed them the toothpaste all right,
And spotted the perils beneath, I flashed it about late at night,
All the toffees I chewed, But up-and-down brushin’
And the sweet, sticky food, And pokin’ and fussin’,
Oh, I wish I’d looked after me teeth. Didn’t seem worth the time... I could bite!
I wish I’d been that much more willin’ If I’d known I was paving the way,
When I had more tooth there than fillin’ To cavities, caps and decay,
To pass up gobstoppers, The murder of fiIlin’s,
From respect to me choppers, Injections and drillin’s,
And to buy something else with me shillin’. I’d have thrown all me sherbet away.
When I think of the lollies I licked, So I lie in the old dentist’s chair,
And the liquorice allsorts I picked, And I gaze up his nose in despair,
Sherbet dabs, big and little, And his drill it do whine,
All that hard peanut brittle, In these molars of mine,
My conscience gets horribly pricked. “Two amalgam,” he’ll say, “for in there.”
My mother, she told me no end, How I laughed at my mother’s false teeth,
“If you got a tooth, you got a friend.” As they foamed in the waters beneath,
I was young then, and careless, But now comes the reckonin’,
My toothbrush was hairless, It’s me they are beckonin’,
I never had much time to spend. Oh, I wish I’d looked after me teeth.
TEETH – THE FACTS!

 Children have 20 “baby” or “milk” teeth,
which fall out at about six years. They are
replaced by 32 “adult” teeth.
 Canines are sharp for tearing food.
 Molars are tough and good for grinding.
A Answer the questions on the poem. P.A.

1. What does the poet regret? ______________________________________________________
2. What foods did she say harmed her teeth? _________________________________________
3. Find another word for “teeth” in the poem. ________________________________________
4. Which three words best describe the poem?
educational  self-pitying  regretful  humorous  factual  ridiculous

5. Why did the poet laugh at her mother? ____________________________________________
P.A.
B Answer the questions on teeth.
1. How many teeth should adults have? _____________________________________________
2. What are (i) milk teeth? _______________________ (ii) molars? _______________________
3. When did you last visit the dentist? _____________ What happened? __________________
C Imagine… Design a poster about caring for teeth that dentists might hang up in their
waiting-rooms. P.A.
1. to be the black sheep (i) unreal
2. a thorn in the side (ii) to be different
3. like nothing on earth (iii) heavy rain
4. having an off day (iv) forever
5. raining cats and dogs (v) continuing annoyance
6. until the cows come home (vi) having a bad day
B Vocabulary. Rewrite the lines from the poem “Oh, I Wish I’d Looked after Me Teeth” in
another way. P.A.
1. Oh, I showed them the toothpaste all right I used some toothpaste on them
2. My conscience gets horribly pricked
3. It’s me they are beckonin’
4. To pass up gobstoppers
5. The murder of fillin’s

1. wacht watch wotch 6. yousd used uset
2. train traen trayn 7. women wimmen wimen
3. skool school schul 8. alright alwrite alrite
4. fether faether feather 9. different diffrent differant
5. weird wierd weirt 10. exspect espect expect
“A visit to the dentist”. Try to use lots of adjectives. P.A.
appointment nervous incredible waiting-room discovered injection
traumatic refused drilling uncomfortable numb extraordinary
1. Why the visit? 2. How were you feeling?
Paragraph 1
3. The waiting-room… 4. Who else is there?
1. In the dentist’s chair… 2. What is he/she like?
Paragraph 2
3. What he/she discovers… 4. The plan…
1. Feelings – scared, brave? 2. What happens next?
Paragraph 3
3. On the way home… 4. Promises about your teeth…
E Teaser Time
A man ran 30 km in a white tracksuit and it took him 200 minutes. Then he ran 30 km in
a black tracksuit and it took him 3 hours and 20 minutes. Which colour should he wear
for his next run? It doesn’t matter, 200 minutes = 3 hours 20 minutes
_______________________________________________________________
S
M T W T F S ____


Words ending with “ay” Words ending with “ape”
1. written composition or story essay 6. fruit, comes in bunches grape
2. time away relaxing holiday 7. stare, gawk gape
3. connected with trains railway 8. circle, square or oval shape
4. wander off stray 9. get away from escape
5. two days before tomorrow! yesterday 10. type of animal that includes
gorillas ape
Score
B Comprehension. Ring the words that are closest in meaning to the words from
“Oh, I Wish I’d Looked after Me Teeth”.
1. shilling cold money 6. despair left over worry
2. choppers teeth knives 7. beckoning calling shouting
3. murder death pain 8. canines dogs sharp teeth
4. paving laying footpath 9. milk teeth baby teeth white teeth
5. false fake untrue 10. whine cry horrible noise
Score
C Grammar. Underline two errors in each sentence and write the correction.
1. The lady asked, “Would you like to see the gardens ?”
2. The titanic stopped in cobh, Co. Cork.
3. The guide asked if it was our first time visiting singapore .
4. there is a great story behind the devil’s Bit mountain.
5. My sister and i hope that we go to spain this summer. Score
Christopher America
Most people believe that christopher Columbus was the first European to land in america.
Genoa years
Columbus was born in genoa, Italy in 1451. He became a sailor when he was 15 year old. Later
discover
he became a sea captain and wanted to descover new lands. The King and Queen of Spain gave
three Santa October
Columbus tree ships – the Nina, the Pinta and the santa Maria – and 90 sailors. On 12 october,
1492, they reached what is now called the Bahamas, part of the Americas. Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Ownership
We use an apostrophe before s (’s) to show that something belongs to a noun.
Example: The uniform belongs to the nurse.  The nurse’s uniform
We use the apostrophe after s (s’) to show that something belongs to a plural noun.
Example: The staffroom belongs to the teachers.  The teachers’ staffroom
A Rewrite the sentences, adding an apostrophe in the correct place to show ownership.
1. The boy’s hat was stripy and colourful. ____________________________________________
2. The new girls’ names are Julee, Tara and Priya. _____________________________________
3. All of the members are welcome in the golfers’ clubhouse. ___________________________
4. Both companies’ managers met to discuss the work. _________________________________
5. The donkey’s cart is often used to carry firewood. ___________________________________
6. The babies’ screams woke the whole house. ________________________________________
7. A calf’s mother feeds it for the first few weeks. ______________________________________
8. Wolves’ prey include pigs, sheep and goats. ________________________________________
9. The copies’ covers were all torn and tattered. _______________________________________
10. The cities’ populations were all growing rapidly. ____________________________________
Words that are irregular in the plural use the apostrophe before s.
Example: The gentlemen’s toilet
B Rewrite each phrase using an apostrophe and an s to show ownership.
1. the coats belonging to the children the children’s coats

2. the keys belonging to the women the women’s keys
3. the food belonging to the geese the geese’s food
4. the hooves of the sheep (plural) the sheep’s hooves
5. the telephones belonging to the men the men’s telephones
6. the choice of the people the people’s choice
C Are the apostrophes used correctly () or incorrectly ()?

1. The chefs own the knives. They are the chef’s knives.  

2. The lifeguard uses that whistle. It is the lifeguard’s whistle.  

3. The boy made an important decision. It was the boys’ decision.  

4. The men own the boots. They are the mens’ boots.  

5. The jockey owns the horse. It is the jockey’s horse.  

6. The woman has long hair. The woman’s hair is long.  

7. The kettle has a plug. It is the kettles’ plug.  

8. The ship has a horn. It is the ship’s horn.  

9. The elephant has a trunk. It is the elephant’s trunk.  

10. The winner gets the trophy. It is the winners’ trophy.  


Wooden Heart
This is an extract from Marita Conlon McKenna’s book The Blue Horse,
which tells about Katie, a Traveller girl, who is being bullied at school.
“Wooden Heart” is the title of a chapter in the book, and also the title of
a song about heartbreak. The Blue Horse won the Bisto Book of the Year
Award.
Monday was the worst day of the week. Putting on the navy school sweater
and the shoulder straps of her bag across her back was almost like putting on
armour and getting ready for battle. She would take a few deep breaths and hold her spine
straight to control her inner panic. She got on well with some of her classmates and they would
chat to her, and they raised no objections to her sitting beside them. There was another group
who avoided looking her in the eye or talking to her, but who did nothing bad to her.
But there were five in the class who never let up taunting her. “Knacker”, “tinker”, they
whispered and jeered at her. She hated each and every one of them. Often she felt sure they must
be aware of her heart pounding and of the crazy throbs of her pulse if they approached her. But
she decided she would not cry even if her heart felt like a wooden heart. She often thought of the
words of the song now, and she understood them! Would her heart fall apart, crack and split in
two? But once she kept her eyes steady and put a dampener on her temper, things passed off.
Natalie jeered and taunted her as often as she could. She made sure that everyone in the
school knew that Katie was a Traveller and tried to shame her at every opportunity. “What’s the
point of the likes of you coming here?” she demanded to know.
Katie did her best to ignore her. At lunchtime one Wednesday when Katie went to get her
sandwich, her locker had been broken open. It was the third time in a week, and this time her
drink had been spilt down over her books and soaked her turquoise jacket, which was covered
with stains and flung on the floor. It was the only jacket she had. Her sandwich had been stood
on, so now she had no lunch either. But the worst thing was that her new history book and
Irish book the Principal had given her were destroyed.

1. Why was Monday the worst day of the week for Katie? _______________________________
2. How did the group of five girls bully Katie? ________________________________________
3. Choose four words that best describe how Katie felt on her way home from school.
ashamed  lonely  terrified  confused  hungry  weary  amused 
4. Do you think Katie told the teacher? Yes  No  Why? ___________________________
5. What do you think the Principal should have done about Natalie? ____________________
B Bullying at school… P.A.

1. What should you do when you see someone being bullied? __________________________
2. Why do people sometimes not tell about bullying? _________________________________
3. Choose four words that describe how a bully might feel.
aggressive  spiteful  jealous  terrified  angry  controlling  thrilled 
4. Place in order (1 = most often) where you think bullying happens most often.
in the classroom ___ in the playground ___ going home from school ___
by text after school ___
C Imagine… You are Natalie and you regret your behaviour. Write an apology note
to Katie. P.A.

1. All’s well that ends well. (i) Don’t assume something until it happens.
2. Strike while the iron is hot. (ii) As long as everything turns out fine in the end.
3. A stitch in time saves nine. (iii) Health is the most important thing to have.
4. Your health is your wealth. (iv) Take your chance as soon as it appears.
Don’t count your chickens
5. (v) Fix problems as soon as you can.
before they hatch.
1. Blue is to navy as violet is to flower purple green rainbow

2. Love is to hate as brave is to fearful fearless courage warrior
3. Under is to above as right is to hand pen real left
4. Frog is to pond as seal is to ocean fish water otter
5. Single is to one as double is to trouble both twice two

1. ex/it 5. ob/ ject 9. de/ light
2. bull/ ock 6. brok/ en 10. sal/ low
3. lock/ et 7. con/ nect 11. in/ ject
4. read/ er 8. whis/ per 12. set/ tle
D Think, plan, write… Write a summary of “Wooden Heart”. Map out the main
points first. V.A.
Getting ready
for school
E Teaser Time
(i) What is the eighth last letter of the alphabet? S
______
(ii) How many letters come between J and R? 7
______
(iii) What letter comes before the second letter after N? O
______
(iv) What is the fifth consonant after H? N
______
(i) The three girls sang a beautiful duet at the concert.
(ii) Mrs Murphy has been a widower for the last ten years.
(iii) The freight train stopped at the station to let the passengers off.

harassed congratulated insults embraced included
isolated bullied encouraged compliments embarrassed
1. left out of things isolated 6. teased, hurt bullied
annoyed
2.
regularly harassed 7. celebrated congratulated
brought
3. negative remarks insults 8.
into things included
supported, positive
4.
reassured encouraged 9.
remarks compliments
5. humiliated embarrassed 10. hugged embraced Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “Wooden Heart”, are these
1. Katie was a Traveller.  6. Natalie tried to be her friend. 
Monday was the worst day of the
2.
week.  7. Her locker had been broken open. 
3. Some of her classmates spat at her.  8. Her jacket was maroon. 
4. The cruel classmates jeered her.  9. Her lunch was a pie. 
When Katie got upset her heart She got her books from her
5.
pounded.  10.
Principal. 
Score
C Grammar. Rewrite each phrase using ‘s or s’ to show ownership.
1. The dog’s collar.
the collar belonging to the dog ___________________________________________________
2. The ladies’ coats.
the coats belonging to the ladies __________________________________________________
3. The customer’s order.
the order of customer ___________________________________________________________
4. The children’s toys.
the toys belonging to the children_________________________________________________
5. The beds’ sheets.
the sheets for the beds___________________________________________________________
Give yourself 2 marks for each correct answer.
Score
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score
Verbs
A verb is an action or a doing word that we use in different tenses. The tense tells us
when the action occurred. A verb can be used in the past, present or future tenses.
Other tenses include the past participle and the present participle.
The past participle is used to tell us that the action was completed.
Example: I have spoken.
The present participle is used to tell us that the action is still happening.
Example: I am speaking.
A Complete the following table.
Past tense Present tense Future tense Present participle Past participle
I smiled I smile I will smile I am smiling I have smiled
I wrote I write I will write I am writing I have written
I cut I cut I will cut I am cutting I have cut
I chose I choose I will choose I am choosing I have chosen
I saw I see I will see I am seeing I have seen
I came I come I will come I am coming I have come
I kept I keep I will keep I am keeping I have kept
I made I make I will make I am making I have made
I bought I buy I will buy I am buying I have bought
I fought I fight I will fight I am fighting I have fought
I taught I teach I will teach I am teaching I have taught
I sent I send I will send I am sending I have sent
I slept I sleep I will sleep I am sleeping I have slept
B Underline the verb(s) in each sentence. Write down the tense used in each case.
1. You dropped your wallet on the ground. past
_____________________
2. I am baking a lovely chocolate cake for your birthday. present participle
_____________________
3. The soldiers marched through the town after their victory. past
_____________________
4. Arun hugs his mum every day before he leaves the house. present
_____________________
5. I visit my grandma every evening on the way home from school. present
_____________________
6. I am knitting a hat and scarf for my new baby sister. present participle
_____________________
7. I have left some money on the kitchen table for your bus fare. past participle
_____________________
8. I will rinse the shampoo out of my hair. future
_____________________
9. The robber has escaped from the prison. past participle
_____________________
10. I will count to ten and then I will chase you. future
_____________________
C Write sentences using each of the verbs in the present participle from the table in
exercise A. P.A.

Pasta parade
Cannelloni Conchiglie Farfalle Fusilli Lasagne
Macaroni Penne Ravioli Spaghetti Tortellini
PASTA PROMPTS PASTA CARBONARA

1. Pasta has three ingredients Ingredients (serves 4)
– flour, eggs and salt. 300 g of any pasta 3 tablespoons of 6 mushrooms sliced
2. Pasta comes in many 3 rashers chopped cream Salt and pepper
different shapes. 1 onion chopped 1 teaspoon olive oil
3. Thick sauces stick better to Method

spirals (fusilli) and curls 1. Boil pasta in Pot 1 for 10 minutes.
(macaroni). 2. Heat olive oil in Pot 2.
3. Add onion and rashers to Pot 2.
4. Pasta sauces should be
4. Cook on medium heat for 4 minutes.
simple – five ingredients at
5. Add mushrooms and keep cooking.
most.
6. Cook on medium heat for another 5 minutes.
5. You will need to use two 7. Drain the water out of Pot 1.
pots: one for the pasta and 8. Add pasta in Pot 1 to sauce in Pot 2.
one for the sauce. 9. Add cream, season with salt and pepper, serve and enjoy!

1. What three ingredients are used to make pasta? (i) _________ (ii) _________ (iii) _________
2. Name two pasta shapes that are good for thick sauces. (i) ____________ (ii) ____________
3. Name two pasta dishes (meals) that you have eaten. (i) ____________ (ii) ____________
4. About how long does it take to cook pasta? 2 minutes  10 minutes  30 minutes 
5. Do you like pasta? Yes  No  What is your favourite pasta dinner? ________________
B Which pasta? Look, think and pick one type of pasta to match each description.
1. like seashells conchiglie 5. like big sheets lasagne

2. like small stuffed pillows ravioli 6. like bows or butterflies farfalle
3. long and thin spaghetti 7. spiral shaped fusilli
4. like small pointy tubes penne 8. like big tubes cannelloni
C Imagine… Look at the pasta shapes above. P.A.
1. Draw your favourite pasta dish. 2. Draw your face after eating spaghetti.

1. He stood out like a sore thumb. He looked like he didn’t belong there.
2. She has eyes like a hawk. She sees everything.
3. He eats like a horse. He eats a lot.
4. Her hair is like silk. Her hair is smooth and shiny.
5. He cried like a baby. He cried a lot.
piled high dish out curls not too fussy cut up corkscrew shape
best liked present basic stacked up diced most preferred
curls dish out
1. spirals 4. serve
corkscrew shape present
basic best liked
2. simple 5. favourite
not too fussy most preferred
cut up piled high
3. chopped 6. heaped
diced stacked up
1. o __
sh__ u __
t o __
ab__ u __
t o __
__ u __side
t o __
s__ u __h
t o __
r__ u __e
t o __
__ u __fi
t t
2. a __
aw__ r __
d a __
rew__ r __
d a __
y__ r __
d a __
p__ r __on
d a __
be__ r __
d a __r __d
abo__
3. a __
w__ t __
c h__ a __
c__ t __
c h__ a __
m__ t __
c h__es sn__
a __
t __
c __
h a __
scr__ t __
c h__ a t__ __
h__ c h__ed
D Think, plan, write… Write a short poem on the theme of “Food”. P.A.
• Step 1: Think of a title, for example, “Pasta Pieces”, “Saucy”, “The Great Bake”, “Spuds”.
Key words lunch
Rhyming word 1 munch
Rhyming word 2 crunch
E Teaser Time
(Hint: fruit)
(i) ale apple (iv) pch peach (vii) beies berries
(ii) anaa banana (v) pr pear (viii) satma satsuma
(iii) ange orange (vi) toat tomato (ix) apes grapes
(i) I go up, I go down but I never move. (srtias) stairs
______________
(ii) I have a tongue but can’t speak, and eyes but can’t see. (hseo) shoe
______________

pasta pizza peach parsley Parmesan poach parsnip pastry pancake poultry
1. vegetable parsnip 6. green herb parsley
2. Italian cheese parmesan 7. Italian shapes pasta
3. chicken, duck poultry 8. fruit peach
4. dough for pies 9. method of
and tarts pastry cooking poach
5. flat, Italian meal pizza 10. flat cake pancake Score
B Comprehension. Complete each sentence with two facts from “Pasta parade”.
pillow shaped good for thick sauces long spiral shaped
of Italian origin stuffed flour simple eggs thin
1. Pasta is made from (i) flour (ii) eggs
2. Pasta sauces are (i) simple (ii) of Italian origin
3. Spaghetti is (i) long (ii) thin
4. Ravioli is (i) pillow shaped (ii) stuffed
5. Fusilli is (i) spiral shaped (ii) good for thick sauces
Score
C Grammar. Complete the table with the present and past participles.
Present Present participle Past participle
1. he takes He is taking He has taken
2. I write I am writing I have written
3. we buy We are buying We have bought
4. she makes She is making She has made
5. I wake up I am waking I have woken Score
because
Very tall buildings are called skyscrapers becuse they look like they are scraping the sky. The
tallest United Arab Emirates
tallist building in the world is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai in the united arab emirates. It opened
kilometre
in 2010. The building has 160 floors and is 830 metres tall (almost a kilometer into the sky).
There a The
They’re are apartments, offices and an hotel. the building has elevators that can travel to the top
in two minutes. Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

A closing paragraph
The ending of a story is just as important as its opening. It ties up all the loose ends
and often solves a problem that arose during the story. The ending often hints that
there might be a follow-up…
A Read these endings from two different books. Then answer the questions. P.A.
The Baudelaire orphans piled into the backseat, And the Professor, who was a very remarkable
and peered out the back window at Justice man, didn’t tell them not to be silly or not to
Strauss, who was crying and waving to them. tell lies, but believed the whole story. “No,” he
Ahead of them were the darkened streets, where said, “I don’t think it will be any good trying to
Count Olaf had escaped to plan more treachery. go back through the wardrobe door to get the
Behind them was the kind judge, who had taken coats. You won’t get into Narnia again by that
such an interest in the three children. To Violet, route. Nor would the coats be much use now if
Klaus and Sunny, it seemed that Mr Poe and you did! Eh? What’s that? Yes, of course you’ll
the law had made the incorrect decision to take get back to Narnia again someday. Once a King
them away from the possibility of a happy life in Narnia, always a King in Narnia. But don’t
with Justice Strauss and toward an unknown go trying to use the same route twice. Indeed,
fate with some unknown relative. They didn’t don’t try to get there at all. It’ll happen when
understand it, but like so many unfortunate you’re not looking for it. And don’t talk too
events in life, just because you don’t understand much about it even amongst yourselves. And
it doesn’t mean it isn’t so. The Baudelaires don’t mention it to anyone else unless you find
bunched up together against the cold night air, that they’ve had adventures of the same sort
and kept waving out the back window. The themselves. What’s that? How will you know?
car drove farther and farther away until Justice Oh you’ll know alright. Odd things they say –
Strauss was merely a speck in the darkness, and even their looks – will let the secret out. Keep
it seemed to the children that they were moving your eyes open. Bless me, what do they teach
in an aberrant – the word “aberrant” here means them at these schools?”
“very, very wrong, and causing much grief” – And that is the very end of the adventure of
direction. the wardrobe. But if the Professor was right it
was only the beginning of the adventures of
From A Series of Unfortunate Events: The Bad Narnia.
Beginning by Lemony Snicket
From The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the
Witch and the Wardrobe by C.S. Lewis
1. Which story has a better ending? __________________________________________________
2. What words would you use to describe that ending? _________________________________
3. Do you think there may be a sequel (follow-up) to either story? Why? __________________
B Choose one of these endings. Plan and write a short story based on it. P.A.
Ending 1: They quickly crouched down
Ending 2: The fairy told Marie to shut her eyes
behind the heavy table that they had laid on
tightly. As she did so, she heard a sweet tune in
its side. The huge explosion blew the door
the distance. Suddenly a strong wind blew and
to smithereens. They bolted through it and
she felt as if she might be blown away by it.
didn’t stop running until they reached their
When she opened her eyes the music and wind
village. When their parents saw them, they
had stopped. She was standing outside her
hugged them tightly. Joe and Rose breathlessly
house and the fairy was nowhere to be seen.
explained what had happened.
C What was the last book that you read? Write a new closing paragraph for it. P.A.
Winter poems
(1) Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (2) Mooses Come Walking

Whose woods these are I think I know. Mooses come walking up over the hill.
His house is in the village though; Mooses come walking. They rarely stand still.
He will not see me stopping here When mooses come walking, they walk where
To watch his woods fill up with snow. they will.
And mooses come walking up over the hill.
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake. Mooses look into your window at night.
The only other sound’s the sweep They look to the left and they look to the right.
Of easy wind and downy flake. The mooses are smiling; they think it’s a zoo.
That’s why the mooses like looking at you.
My little horse must think it queer
To stop without a farmhouse near So, if you see mooses while lying in bed,
Between the woods and frozen lake It’s best to just stay there, pretending you’re
The darkest evening of the year. dead.
The mooses will leave, and you’ll get the thrill
The woods are lovely, dark and deep.
Of seeing the mooses go over the hill.
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep, The moose and the European elk are the world’s largest deer.
And miles to go before I sleep. They are found in the colder parts of North America, Europe and Asia.

1. Which poem do you like better? __________________________________________________
2. Why do you like that poem? _____________________________________________________
3. Write “1” or “2” beside these words to show if you think they suit Poem 1 or Poem 2.
amusing ___ lonely ___ reflective ___ scary ___ happy ___ weary ___ chilly ___
4. Write down two things you think the horse in “Stopping by Woods” is feeling.
(i) ___________________________________ (ii) __________________________________
5. The poet of Poem 1 said he had promises to keep. Suggest two promises that he might
have made. (i) _______________________________ (ii) ______________________________
B Your opinion… Do you agree () or disagree () with the following? P.A.
1. Poem 1 is probably true. 4. It was too cold for the horse.
2. Poem 2 is probably true. 5. Moose have an easy life.
3. The horse was overworked. 6. Moose can be dangerous.
C Imagine… You are a horse or a moose. P.A.

1. Which one are you? __________________ What is your name? _______________________
2. Describe a typical day in your life. Draw a picture of yourself as that animal.

1. to be tickled pick (i) no idea
2. make somebody’s day (ii) very amused
3. spread like wildfire (iii) take blame for what others did
4. not the foggiest (iv) spread quickly
5. the last straw (v) make a person happy
6. to be a scapegoat (vi) the final annoyance that stretches your patience
B Vocabulary. Rewrite the lines from the winter poems in another way. P.A.
1. He gives his harness bells a shake He rings the bells on his straps
2. Whose woods these are I think I know
3. You’ll get the thrill
4. They rarely stand still
5. They walk where they will

1. put puut pute 6. slowely slowly slowley
2. mak mayk make 7. against aginst agenst
3. streat street stret 8. misstake mistake mistache
4. people poeple peeple 9. sensative sensitive sensetive
5. bruder brother bruther 10. Wedinsday Wednesday Wedensday
“Snowed in at school”. Try to use lots of adjectives. P.A.
fortunately blizzard snowplough principal adventure missing
attempts chuckled reaction eventually accidentally dramatic
1. Just before lunch – snow! 2. Fun at lunchtime…
Paragraph 1
3. After lunch – snowstorm! 4. Shocking announcement…
1. Children’s reactions… 2. How does the teacher cope?
Paragraph 2
3. Passing the time… 4. Food shortage…
1. A night at school – wow! 2. The great escape…
Paragraph 3
3. Noise overhead – rescue? 4. Recovering at home…
E Teaser Time
Two mothers and two daughters go into a coffee shop. They order three cups of coffee but
they all get their own cup of coffee. How is this possible?
Mother, daughter, grand daughter
_____________________________________________________________________________
S SENT
O T T F F ____ Six


Words beginning with “sat” Words ending with “een”
1. please, make happy satisfy 6. in the middle of two things between
2. small type of orange fruit satsuma 7. two less than twenty eighteen
3. goes around a planet satellite 8. glass at the front of a car windscreen
4. wet through saturated 9. usually found with a king queen
5. old name for schoolbag satchel 10. eager keen
Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from the winter poems, are these sentences
Stopping by the Woods Mooses Come Walking
1. In the poem it is raining.  6. Moose walk wherever they like. 
2. The horse is wearing bells.  7. They come into your house at night. 
3. The lake is frozen.  8. A moose is a large deer. 
4. It is the longest day of the year.  9. Moose prefer warm weather. 
5. The woods are dark and deep.  10. They are found in parts of Europe. 
Score
C Grammar: Cloze Procedure. Write words to complete the story.
boy
Chaman was a ___________ his
with a secret. He went to school and did ___________ homework.
have an ordinary
television He appeared to ___________
He played with his friends and watched ___________.
Chaman was a werewolf and transformed
life, but when the moon was full, things changed. ___________
teeth
into a beast with sharp ___________, ran
claws and a furry coat. He howled and ___________
fours hunting for prey. Just before dawn, he would
through the forest on all ___________
fall
___________ himself again.
asleep and wake up in the morning as ___________
Score
Greek Dinosaurs Earth
Dinosaur is a greek word that means “terrible lizard”. dinosaurs lived on earth until about 65
of
million years ago. There were over 1000 different species off dinosaur. Although many were
enormous
enormus, they all began as eggs in a nest and were hatched – just like birds. Fossils of dinosaur
discovered
eggs are still being discoverd. Some dinosaurs did not eat meat: they were herbivores – plant
vegetarians Another brains
eaters, or vegatarians. An other amazing thing about dinosaurs is that they had very small brians.
Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Dictionary work
The dictionary gives us lots of information about a word, including how to pronounce
it and what part of speech the word is. Parts of speech include the following:
noun (n) pronoun (pron.) adjective (adj.)
verb (v) preposition (prep.) adverb (adv.)
A Use your dictionary to find out what part of speech each of these words is.
1. committee n 6. foreign adj. 11. nocturnal adj.
2. effervescent adj. 7. embrace v 12. sheikh n
3. increasingly adv. 8. nobody pron. 13. punish v
4. without prep. 9. queasy adj. 14. where adv./pron.
5. nightingale n 10. flatter v 15. at prep.
B Use your dictionary to help you pick and ring the correct answer.
1. If something is effervescent, it is lumpy fizzy smelly
2. A flamingo is a type of dance bird sweet
3. If I have laryngitis where do I have an infection? eye ear throat
4. What would you do with a paella? wear it brush it eat it
5. Vermicelli is a type of worm pasta music
6. A doctor of paediatrics takes care of children hearts adults
7. Where in a book would you find a prologue? beginning middle end
8. How is the disease rabies passed on? sneezing biting by hand
9. What might you find in a quiver? water arrows spiders
10. What would you do with a glockenspiel? play it walk it wear it
C Use your dictionary to help you to match each word to its two different meanings.
fleece sash waffle bishop earth niche mole refuse
1. silly, nonsense talk waffle 9. a planet in the solar system Earth

2. coat on a sheep fleece 10. small dark spot on skin mole
3. small hollow in a wall niche 11. flat cake made from batter waffle
cheat somebody of their
4. soil earth 12. money fleece
say you will not do
5. a member of the clergy bishop 13. something refuse
comfortable, suitable
6. small furry mammal mole 14. position niche
window frame that slides
7. rubbish or waste refuse 15. on a rope sash
piece of cloth worn
8. over shoulder sash 16. chess piece bishop

Sharu goes missing
This is an amazing story about a boy called Sharu. Sharu was born
in 1981 in a small place called Ganesh near Khandwa city in India.
He was one of four brothers – Shalim, Guddu, Sharu and Shakila.
His family was poor. Guddu had a job cleaning the railway station.
He gave what little money he earned to his mother, Fatima. Sharu
loved Guddu and spent all his time following him around the railway
station. Although Guddu was busy, he tried to keep an eye on Sharu.
Sometimes Sharu got so tired that he would fall asleep at the station. One day, Guddu was
sweeping around the station. Sharu wandered on to a train and fell asleep on a seat. The doors
closed and Sharu did not wake up until the train opened its doors 14 hours later in Kolkata. In
Kolkata, many children live on the streets. Lost and lonely, Sharu wandered the streets of Kolkata
for a month. He almost drowned in the river Ganges, and a man tried to sell him as a slave.
Guddu searched everywhere but had no idea how Sharu had disappeared. The family was
heartbroken. Sharu was placed in an orphanage. The Brierley family, who lived almost 10,000
kilometres away in Tasmania, saw Sharu’s photo and adopted him. His new name became
Saroo Brierley. The Brierleys looked after him well and he had a happy life in Tasmania. When
he grew up, Saroo was a good businessman and became a millionaire. He had everything that
money could buy but he wished for one more thing: to find Guddu and his mother again.
A TASTE OF INDIA
 India is about 40 times the size of Ireland.
 India has a population of more than 1.2 billion people.
 More than 20 official languages are spoken in India.
 India is a very hot country.
 Its name comes from the River Indus.
 New Delhi is the capital city of India.
 In India spices are very popular in most foods.
 Some parts of India are very poor.
A Answer the questions about Sharu. P.A.

1. How many brothers had Sharu? ___ Name them. ___________________________________
2. Why did Sharu spend so much time at the railway station? ___________________________
3. Describe the type of brother Guddu was to Sharu. __________________________________
4. How did Sharu end up in Kolkata? _______________________________________________
5. How did Sharu end up in Tasmania? ______________________________________________
B Answer the questions about India. P.A.

1. Name three differences between India and Ireland. (i) _______________________________
(ii) _____________________________ (iii) ____________________________________
2. How did India get its name? _____________________________________________________
3. What is unusual about languages in India? _________________________________________
4. Would you like to visit India? Yes  No  Why? _________________________________
C Imagine… Sharu could send a text when he was lost. To whom would he send the
message? What would he say? P.A.

The day after previous Sunday I went to Madhura to visit my aunt. At the train station, a
taxi driver was waiting to meet me with my name, Gopichand, written on a piece of card.
On the journey, the driver asked me how long I planned to stay. “Four days,” I replied.
She asked me if I would need a lift back to the station.
1. On what day did Gopi go to visit his aunt? Monday
How did Gopi know that the taxi driver was
2.
waiting for him? His name was on the card
3. Was the taxi driver male or female? female
4. On what day did Gopi plan to go home? Thursday
5. How did Gopi get to his aunt’s house? Train and taxi
6. Where does Gopichand’s aunt live? Madhura
My parents both work in an The result was made official
1. official
official. after the game. 
He had no approve that I was Dad does not approve of my
2. approve
the thief. clothes. 
I wandered around the I wandered if anybody could
3. wandered
schoolyard.  hear me.
I write about my day in my We went on a long journey last
4. journey
journey. summer. 
His manager called him into We manager to get there on
5. manager
her office.  time today.

1. chil/dren 4. stat/ ion 7. broth/ er
2. wan/ der 5. riv/ er 8. rail/ way
3. mon/ day 6. bus/ tle 9. stor/ age
D Think, plan, write… A motion is a proposal on a topic. Plan a debate for and against
the motion “Children should be allowed on social networking sites”. Write three points
parental supervision learning tool modern times private trust P.A.
long-distance friendships schoolyard communication waste of time gossip
E Teaser Time. The vowels “i” and “e” are missing from this passage. Can you still
answer the questions?
Vgtabls ar an mportant part of a halthy dt. W gt lots of vtamns from thm. Dark grn vgtabls
ar full of ron. Popl should at at last two or thr portons of vgtabls vry day.
1. What are important in a healthy diet? vegetables
________________________
2. What do we get from vegetables? vitamins
________________________
3. Which type of vegetables give us iron? dark green
________________________
4. How many portions of vegetables should we eat each day? 2-3 portions
________________________

ship garden hotel/office hospital church
classroom news station construction site brush railway
1. station master railway 6. priest church
2. doctor hospital 7. receptionist hotel / office
3. sailor ship 8. teacher classroom
4. builder construction site 9. painter brush
5. reporter news station 10. horticulturalist garden
Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “Sharu goes missing”, are these sentences
1. Sharu was born in Ganesh.  6. Sharu lived on the street in Kolkata. 

2. Sharu had three sisters.  7. Sharu was adopted in Ireland. 
India’s population is about
3. Guddu worked as a station cleaner.  8.
1.2 billion. 
4. Sharu loved to fight with Guddu.  9. The capital of India is Kolkata. 
5. Sharu slept on the train for 1 hour.  10. Sharu became a businessman. 
Score
C Grammar. Use your dictionary to find out what part of speech each of these words is.
1. puppet noun 6. foreign adjective

2. wither verb 7. cooker noun
3. within preposition/adverb 8. ironically adjective
4. thug noun 9. dangle verb
5. together adverb 10. analyse verb Score

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Homophones
Homophones are words that sound the same but are spelt differently and have
different meanings. There are many examples.
blue/blew: The sky is blue. I blew up the balloon.
allowed/aloud: Are you allowed to go out? He spoke aloud.
break/brake: Did you break it? Take a break. I forgot to brake and crashed.
flour/flower: I put flour on the rolling pin. I picked a flower.
A Underline the correct homophone(s) in each of the following sentences.

1. The French flag is red, white and blew/blue.
2. My mother was taught by a very kind none/nun when she was in primary school.
3. I am not allowed/aloud to go to the birthday party because I misbehaved last week/weak.
4. I pulled my bicycle break/brake but it was to/too sudden and I flew through/threw the air.
5. Brake/Break an egg into a bowl with flour/flower, butter and milk.
6. Please shout aloud/allowed because I can’t here/hear you over the noise in here/hear.
7. The bad guy blew/blue up an entire building but none/nun of the police could catch him.
8. He tried to buy a flour/flower on my Birth Day but the florist had nun/none left.
9. The deer/dear ran out in front of the car and I slammed on the brakes/breaks.
10. Please right/write your name here/hear on the dotted line.
B Are the underlined homophones used correctly () or incorrectly ()?

1. “There are eight days in a week,” declared the confused gentleman. 

2. The whale washed up onto the beach during the night. 

3. It would be great if you could help me with this because it’s taking a long time. 

4. The ladies in the information office advised the tourist on which root to travel. 

5. “We must get threw the next 48 hours,” said the anxious surgeon. 

6. The souls of my shoes were worn from walking on the rough ground. 

7. Apples are groan on trees in a place called an orchard. 

8. The farmer took a bale of hay to the animals in the shed. 

9. A lot of furniture is made out of wood by a carpenter. 

10. There was a heard of cows in the middle of the field. 

C Use each homophone in a sentence to show its meaning. P.A.
1. by buy
2. bear bare
3. hole whole
4. see sea
5. dear deer
6. one won
7. write right
8. steel steal
9. seem seam
10. sale sail

Sharu Googles home
Sharu Brierley never forgot his family, and
began his search for his hometown once he
had graduated from college. Google Earth is
a mapping service developed in 2005. It can
show a close-up image of any place in the Khandwa Railway Station
world – just what Sharu needed!
For two years, Sharu spent hours on the
internet tracing all railway routes. Finally
he spotted the train station near Khandwa.
He joined a Facebook group for the town of
Ganesh and, by email, began to piece together the rest of the details.
After 25 years, Sharu was about to surprise Fatima and Guddu!
Sharu boarded a plane to India. When he arrived home, Fatima
was overjoyed to see him. They hugged and smiled but Fatima could
not speak English, and Sharu had forgotten Hindustani, the language
he spoke as a boy in India. Sharu then met two of his three brothers
– Shalim and Shakila. But where was his favourite brother, Guddu?
Sadly, Sharu learned that around the same time he disappeared Guddu
had been hit by a train and died.
A TASTE OF TASMANIA
 Tasmania is an island south of Australia and is part of Australia. Asia
Pacific
 It is about the same size as Ireland but has fewer people. India Ocean
 Hobart is the capital and English is the main language.

Indian Ocean
 The weather is quite similar to Irish weather. Australia
 Fish is a popular food because Tasmania is a small island. Tasmania
 It is also called Apple Isle because so many apples grow there.

 Tasmania is about 10,000 km from where Sharu lived in India.
A Answer the questions about Sharu. P.A.

1. How did Sharu use Google Earth to find his village in India? _________________________
2. What language had Sharu forgotten how to speak? __________________________________
3. What had happened to his brother Guddu? ________________________________________
B Answer the questions about Tasmania. P.A.

1. In what ways are Tasmania and Ireland similar? ____________________________________
2. Why is Tasmania sometimes called Apple Isle? _____________________________________
3. Why is fish popular in Tasmania? ________________________________________________
4. Would you like to visit Tasmania? Yes  No  Why? _____________________________
C Imagine… Write three things Sharu might have liked to say to his mother when he met
her again. P.A.
1. _____________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________

A Comprehension. What do these similes mean?
1. It was a shot in the dark. There was a small chance.
2. She sang like there was no tomorrow. She gave it her everything.
3. He has a memory like a goldfish. He has a short memory.
4. They are like two peas in a pod. They are very close.
5. It was like watching paint dry. It was very boring.
B Vocabulary. One word makes sense in each pair of sentences. What is the word?
1. We paid the __ after our meal. The bird’s __ was a bright yellow. bill
2. We sat in the third __ at the show. If you __ the boat it will move. row
3. The boy arrived home safe and __. I love the __ of the birds singing. sound
4. The waiter __ the beans for coffee. I kept my two feet firmly on the __. ground
5. I needed a new battery for my __. We can __ the film on television. watch
1. p __
__ e __son
r p __e __haps
__ r p __
pep__ e __
r p __
o__ e __ate
r p __
bum__ e __
r p __
__ e __fect
r
2. p __
__ a __don
r p __
de__ a __t
r p __
__ a __tner
r p __
__ a __ent
r p __
__ a __k
r p __
s__ a __k
r
3. a __
p__ s __
t __e a __
w__ s __
t __d
e a __
f__ s __
t __n
e a __
pl__ s t__ __r
e a __
dis__ s __
t __r
e a __
t__ s __
t __d
e
D Think, plan, write… Write a short poem on the theme of “Missing”. P.A.
• Step 1: Think of a title, for example, “The Runaway Cat”, “Lost in the Zoo”.
Key words
Rhyming word 1
Rhyming word 2
E Teaser Time
(Hint: school)
(i) rd yard (v) pnci pencil (ix) ppls pupils
(ii) cybook copybook (vi) bek break (x hitebard whiteboard
(iii) eache teacher (vii) oice office (xi) ista vistas
(iv) aembly assembly (viii) hoeork homework (xii) air chair
(i) You poke your fingers in my eyes and I open up my jaws. I cut
through paper, plastic and cloth. I will eat them all. (rsscioss) scissors
____________
(ii) I get wetter as I dry. (wlteo) towel
____________
clock
(iii) I have a face and arms but no nose, ears, mouth, eyes or body. (kcolc) ____________


Words ending with “ime” Words ending with “ise”
1. what a clock provides time 6. holiday on a boat cruise
2. committed by burglars crime 7. sensible wise
3. soft ring from bell/clock chime 8. we hear it noise
4. hobby pastime 9. reptile with a shell tortoise
5. silent theatre performance mime 10. get up arise
Score
B Comprehension. Complete each sentence with two facts from “Sharu Googles home”.
Sharu’s brother never forgot his family around the same size as Ireland in Ganesh
forgot Hindustani apples killed by a train part of Australia after 25 years fish
1. Sharu (i) forgot Hindustani (ii) never forgot his family
Sharu’s family were
2.
reunited
(i) in Ganesh (ii) after 25 years
3. Tasmania is (i) part of Australia (ii) around the same size as Ireland
4. Guddu was (i) Sharu’s brother (ii) killed by a train
5. Tasmania produces (i) apples (ii) fish
Score
C Grammar. Choose the correct homophones to complete the sentences.
steel sail whole right see steal sale hole write sea
1. see
I can ____________ whole stage from here.
the ____________
2. sail
The cruise ship set ____________ sea
on the ____________.
3. right
It is not ____________ steal things.
to ____________
4. hole
There was a big ____________ steel container.
in the ____________
5. write “For ____________”
Can you please ____________ sale on the sign? Score
its voyage Deans their Ettie
On it’s first voyege, the Titanic hit an iceberg. That night, the deans were in there cabin. ettie,
Millvina’s mother, was feeding her little baby. Millvina said the family would have all drowned
He heard
except for her father’s quick reaction. he herd the crunch when the ship hit the iceberg and went
to investigate. He quickly returned and they all went up on deck. Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Rewind 2
Let’s look back at parts of speech, verbs, ownership and homophones.
1. Name six parts of speech.
2. What is the past participle?
3. When do we use s’ to show ownership?
4. What is a homophone?
A Which part of speech is each of the underlined words? Use your dictionary to help you.
adjective farmer had just finished sowing his wheat. He (__________)
A busy (__________) pronoun had built
a scarecrow in the middle of the field to frighten the crows but he knew how smart they
pronoun could be. He spotted a crow (__________)
(__________) noun hidden and keeping watch from the
adjective adverb woods. He quietly (__________)
top of a tall (__________) tree in the nearby (__________) adverb
preposition the woods with his gun. He fired his gun into the air and a flock
crept towards (__________)
col. noun of crows rose from the trees, cawing wildly (__________).
(__________) adverb They wouldn’t return in
a hurry. The farmer was smart too.
B Underline the verbs. Is each sentence written in the present participle or the
past participle?
1. The farmer is wearing overalls to protect his clothes. present participle
_________________________
2. I have made a promise to my mother. past participle
_________________________
3. My brother has filled the big box with toys. past participle
_________________________
4. It is taking us a long time to get to the city. present participle
_________________________
5. I have brought two apples with me as our snack. past participle
_________________________
6. We are tidying up the cluttered garage. present participle
_________________________
7. They have forgotten to meet us again. past participle
_________________________
8. She has chosen not to go to the party. past participle
_________________________
C Underline the correct homophone in each sentence. Use your dictionary to help you.
1. The ring/wring was on the wrong finger.
2. We tied/tide the shoes together as a trick.
3. The hare/hair ran in front of the speeding car.
4. The swing went higher/hire each time.
5. We acted in a very difficult scene/seen in the play.
6. There was a creak/creek in the kitchen door.
7. The footballer was a roll/role model for all the children.
8. John wanted to wrap/rap the gift himself.
D Are the apostrophes used correctly () or incorrectly ()?

1. That is the girl’s jumper that she lost at the fair. 

2. They are the childrens’ copybooks on the shelf. 

3. My friends’ names are Nisha, Spandana and Seethala. 

4. Faye’s winter coat keeps her warm during cold weather. 

5. My uncles’ car is in the garage as he needs to get it serviced. 

6. The men’s ties must match their shirts for work. 

7. The bats’ habitat was discovered by the wildlife worker. 

8. The book’s covers were decorated with colourful pictures. 

The Old Woman of the Roads
O, to have a little house! Och! but I’m weary of mist and dark,
To own the hearth and stool and all! And roads where there’s never a house nor
The heaped-up sods against the fire, bush,
The pile of turf against the wall! And tired I am of bog and road,
To have a clock with weights and chains And the crying wind and the lonesome hush!
And pendulum swinging up and down! And I am praying to God on high,
A dresser filled with shining delph, And I am praying to Him night and day,
Speckled and white and blue and brown! For a little house – a house of my own
Out of the wind’s and the rain’s way.
I could be busy all the day
Clearing and sweeping hearth and floor,
And fixing on their shelf again
My white and blue and speckled store!
I could be quiet there at night
Beside the fire and by myself,
Sure of a bed and loath to leave
The ticking clock and the shining delph!

1. How do you think the old woman is feeling? _______________________________________
2. Name three things that she probably does not have. (i) ______________________________
(ii) _____________________________ (iii) ____________________________________
3. Pick the three words that best describe the old woman.
lonely  religious  selfish  poor  self-pitying  brave  wealthy

4. If you could do one thing to help the old woman what would that be? ________________
5. What two things would you not like about being old?
(i) ______________________________ (ii) _____________________________________
B Match the words from the poem to their meanings below. Use your dictionary to help you.
brushing three-legged seat swaying weeping dotted cupboard
place turf is cut fog/dew fireplace tired reluctant polished
1. speckled dotted 5. hearth fireplace 9. crying weeping
2. stool three-legged seat 6. sweeping brushing 10. mist fog/dew
3. weary tired 7. bog place turf is cut 11. loath reluctant
4. shining polished 8. swinging swaying 12. dresser cupboard
C Write three sentences about the old woman, using some words from the poem. P.A.
1. _____________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________
D Imagine… Choose one set of lines from the poem and draw a picture of it. P.A.
1. A dresser filled with shining delp Speckled and white and blue and brown
2. I could be quiet there at night Beside the fire and by myself

A Comprehension. Match the idiom to its meaning.
1. playing with fire (i) become afraid
2. a golden opportunity (ii) total silence
3. daylight robbery (iii) taking a risk
4. get the shivers (iv) a wonderful chance
5. you could hear the grass grow (v) being overcharged
6. pig-headed (vi) stubborn
B Vocabulary. Rewrite the lines from the “The Old Woman of the Roads” in another way.
P.A.
1. To own the hearth and stool and all
2. To have a clock with weights and chains
3. A dresser filled with shining delph
4. Sure of a bed and loath to leave
5. Och! but I’m weary of mist and dark

1. wot waht what 6. moste moast most
2. shud should shood 7. becus because becose
3. talk tawk talke 8. separate seperate separete
4. histry history histery 9. against aginst agenst
5. brougth brought brawt 10. delicous delicsus delicious
“An old woman I know”. Try to use lots of adjectives. P.A.
gentle/rough forgetful spectacles bicycle inquisitive weary
occasionally unwell courageous delightful nervous friend
1. Who is this woman? 2. How do you know her?
Paragraph 1
3. Age/Physical description… 4. Her home/around her home…
1. Is she kind/grumpy/forgetful? 2. Happy times in her life…
Paragraph 2
3. Difficulties/sadness in her life… 4. How she spends her time…
1. Why do you like/dislike her? 2. Why/When do you visit her?
Paragraph 3
3. A special day with her… 4. Why do you worry about her?
E Teaser Time
Twenty people are standing in an empty square room. Without moving their heads or
bodies each person has full sight of the room and everybody in it. Where can you place an
apple in the room so that all but one person can see it?
On their head
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Mirror, Mirror. If you look at a (non-digital) clock in the mirror it reads ten past five. What
Ten to seven
is the correct time? _____________________________________________________________

Words ending with “rch” Words ending with “ton”

1. where a bird sits perch 6. used to close a coat button
2. area at front door porch 7. container for milk carton
3. house of prayer church 8. body without flesh skeleton
4. tree like beech, elm, oak birch 9. greedy about food glutton
game with racket and
5. how an army walks march 10.
shuttlecock badminton
Score
“The Old Woman of the Roads”.
1. hearth fireplace rug 6. weary afraid tired
2. sods lumps turf 7. Him that man God
3. pendulum necklace clock part 8. bush hedge quiet
4. loath unwilling hate 9. crying wind upset wind noisy wind
5. delph crockery mirror 10. dresser wardrobe cupboard
Score
C Grammar. Underline the verbs and name the tense.
1. I am practising my handwriting. present participle
_________________________
2. I wrote a shopping list on paper. past
_________________________
3. I have seen this film before. past participle
_________________________
4. I left the key under the doormat. past
_________________________
5. I will bring it with me next time. future
_________________________ Score
world
The Oscars are one of the most famous awards in the World. Oscars are awards presented
involved Shortlists
for films, actors, directors and others involvd in film making. shortlists in each category are
excited Oscar
announced. People then get very exited and begin to prepare for oscar night. On that night,
Hollywood
crowds gather in hollywood to watch the style and glamour as famous people arrive. Each
one
shortlist is reduced to won person – the real Oscar winner. Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Adjectives
An adjective is a word that describes a noun.
Positive adjectives are the simple form.
Comparative adjectives compare two people or things.
Superlative adjectives compare more than two people or things.
Here are some general rules to create the degrees of comparison:
• Comparative: for most words add r or er, but if the word ends in y, change the y to ier.
• Superlative: for most words add st or est, but if the word ends in y, change the y to iest.
A Underline the adjectives. Is the positive [P], comparative [C] or superlative [S] used?
1. My brother was younger than me when he went to school. C
__________________________
2. My best friend is the happiest person that I know. S
__________________________
3. My teeth are whiter when I brush them regularly. C
__________________________
4. On my father’s birthday I stayed up later than usual. C
__________________________
5. This is the longest journey I have ever been on. S
__________________________
6. She was the prettiest bride that I had ever seen. S
__________________________
7. Our grandad is the wisest person that we know. S
__________________________
8. I think my aunt is funnier than any comedian. C
__________________________
9. Walking to school is slower than cycling. C
__________________________
10. We had a very dry summer last year. P
__________________________
B Complete the table of irregular adjectives.
Positive Comparative Superlative

1. many more most Did you notice that
some adjective
2. good better best comparisons are
irregular and don’t
3. far farther farthest follow the general
4. much more most rules?
5. bad worse worst
If an adjective is a long word, we make the comparative by using “more”

and superlative by using “most”.
Example: curious, more curious, most curious
C Write sentences using the superlative form of these adjectives. P.A.

1. thoughtful 6. important
2. beautiful 7. cheerful
3. peaceful 8. generous
4. forgetful 9. convenient
5. wonderful 10. intelligent

The wooden horse of Troy
Troy was an ancient city located across the sea
from the Greek city of Sparta. At that time,
people built walls around their cities to protect
them. Some walls were only 1 metre high and
others were more than 6 metres. During times
of war, gates in the walls could be closed and
locked to stop intruders getting inside.
From the top of the walls and through holes
in the walls, soldiers could shoot arrows down
at their enemy.
The walls around the city of Troy were
particularly strong. According to legend, the
Greeks spent about 10 years trying to break into the city. Year
after year they fought, and year after year neither side won.
One Greek general, Odysseus, had an idea: “Let’s pretend
to sail away. We’ll leave a gift for Troy to announce the end
of the war – a wooden horse with 30 men hidden inside. At
night, these men can slip out and open the gates of Troy!”
The Greeks built a magnificent wooden horse and left it
as close to Troy’s city gates as possible. They then pretended
to sail away. Thinking the Greeks had given up, the Trojans
dragged the horse inside their city and closed the gates.
The Trojans spent the evening celebrating and went to sleep exhausted. That night, the 30
Greek men hidden inside the wooden horse climbed out. They opened the gates of Troy and let
the Greek army inside. Troy was destroyed.
Beware of Greeks bearing gifts is an old saying that comes from this story. It means you
should be wary of anybody who is not your friend, and then appears to be very generous.

1. What two groups were fighting with each other? (i) _______________ (ii) _______________
2. How was the city of Troy protected? ______________________________________________
3. How long were the Greeks trying to get into Troy? __________ Were they successful? _____
4. Do you think Odysseus was intelligent? Yes  No  Why? _________________________
5. What was unusual about the wooden horse? _______________________________________
B Your opinion… Think, discuss and give your opinion. P.A.

1. Do you think this story is true? Yes  No  Why do you think so? __________________
2. Give three words to describe Odysseus. (i) ___________ (ii) ___________ (iii) ___________
3. Do you think the Greek’s trick was fair? Yes  No  Why? _________________________
4. What do you think the Greeks who pretended to leave did next? ______________________
5. If you were in this war, would you prefer to be a Trojan or a Greek? _____ Why? ________
C Imagine… You are one of the ancient Greeks. Create your own piece of art as a gift for
the Trojans. P.A.

1. Every cloud has a silver lining. (i) Similar people stay together.
It’s better to do something than
2. Actions speak louder than words. (ii)
to talk about doing it.
3. Birds of a feather flock together. (iii) Do things in the correct order.
Don’t put the cart before the
4. (iv) There’s no place like home.
horse.
5. There’s no fireside like your own. (v) There is always a bright side.

1. Milk is to cow as honey is to monkey sweet bee cereal
2. Pork is to sausage as beef is to meat burger bull cow
3. True is to false as black is to colour white dark brown
4. Tea is to cup as water is to drink wash mug glass
5. Money is to bank as food is to eat buy shop cook
6. Nose is to person as snout is to horse baby pig ostrich

1. pro/duct 5. spo/ ken 9. bott/ le
2. sol/ emn 6. wood/ en 10. de/ light
3. an/ swer 7. arm/ y 11. trai/ tor
4. pre/ pare 8. app/ le 12. mag/ net
D Think, plan, write… Write a summary of “The wooden horse of Troy”. Map out the
main points first. P.A.
Ancient city
E Teaser Time
(i) Which letter is as far from U as it is from K? P
______
(ii) Which word has more vowels: TOGETHER or APART? ______
TOGETHER
(iii) Which letter is as far from the beginning of the alphabet as V is
from the end of the alphabet? E
______
(iv) Use the last vowel and the second last consonant in KERNEL with
the first and second consonants in STATION to make a new word. NEST
______
(i) The dead man signed his will in the presence of his solicitor.
(ii) Mr Short picked up the scissors and went out to cut his lawn.
(iii) Sharon needed 100 millilitres of flour to bake the sponge cake.

bank stream pebble rock bridge stile bed current shore ripple
1. small stone pebble 6. bottom of river bed
2. small river stream 7. edge of sea shore
crossing over strong water
3.
field stile 8.
movement current
crossing over gentle water
4.
river bridge 9.
movement ripple
5. edge of a river bank 10. large stone rock Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “The wooden horse of Troy”, are these
The holes in the wall were for
1. Troy was an ancient Greek city.  6.
shooting. 
2. The Greeks attacked for 10 years.  7. Odysseus was a Trojan general. 
3. The horse was made of metal.  8. The Trojans accepted the gift. 
4. The Greeks built the horse.  9. 300 Greek men hid inside the horse. 
5. The walls were all 10 m high.  10. The city of Troy was destroyed. 
Score
C Grammar. Complete the table with the comparative and superlative forms.
Adjective Comparative Superlative
1. wonderful more wonderful most wonderful
2. kind kinder kindest
3. funny funnier funniest
4. bad worse worst
5. generous more generous most generous Score

___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Commas
A listing comma (,) is used: • to separate people, places or things in a sentence
• to separate adjectives or phrases with verbs
We generally do not use a comma between the last two words in the list.
We write the words “and” or “or“ instead.
Example: I put apples, oranges and kiwis in the fruit salad.
However, for lists of adjectives, we often leave out the “and” or “or”.
Example: My mother is a happy, friendly, generous woman.
A Rewrite these sentences, inserting commas in the correct places.

1. People are not allowed to eat, run or dive in the swimming pool area.
2. My mother asked us to tidy, dust and clean our bedroom before tea.
3. We had to make a long, boring, time-consuming journey.
4. The chef washed, peeled and chopped the vegetables for the meal.
5. The melted chocolate left a sticky, gooey, brown stain on the couch.
6. The toddler kicked, screamed and bit as he threw a tantrum.
7. Most of the children walk, cycle or drive to our school each morning.
8. He opened his eyes, looked around him and jumped out of the bed.
9. I wash, dry and brush my hair in the mornings before school.
10. We ate a tasty, hot, spicy curry for our dinner last night.
Commas are also used before and after direct speech.

Example: “Your bedroom is a mess,” said Mum, “clean it up.”
B Rewrite these sentences, correcting any punctuation mistakes.

1. “My toes are freezing,” said the girl.
2. “There is a fly in my soup,” complained the customer.
3. “Why aren’t you speaking to me?” asked my friend.
4. “Can I go to the party on Saturday?” pleaded the teenager.
5. The man said, “I will pay you for the damage.”
A joining comma is used when two sentences are joined together

by one of these conjunctions: and, or, but, while, yet, so, nor.
Example: She tried to stay awake, but she was too tired.
C Rewrite these sentences using a joining comma.

1. I thought I had won the race, yet the judge decided I hadn’t.
2. You must complete your work neatly, or you will not get a star.
3. Tom is a talented musician, while James isn’t as good.
4. I didn’t find the missing key, but I’ll continue to search for it.
5. It is Revan’s birthday soon, and he’ll get lots of presents.
6. She has been learning Irish dancing for years, yet she can’t dance a jig.
7. You can cook the dinner, and I’ll set the table.
8. You can keep ringing, but he probably can’t hear the phone.

Working for a better world
Imagine two young children – a girl and a boy – born about 100 years ago. The girl was born in
Albania and her real name was Agnes, which means “holy” in Greek. The boy was born in South
Africa and his middle name was Rolihlahla, meaning “troublemaker” in Xhosa. He belonged to
the African Thembu tribe. Agnes became a nun, with the name Sister Teresa, later Mother Teresa.
Mother Teresa and Nelson Mandela were two great
humanitarians. A humanitarian is a person who fights
injustice and works for the happiness of others. Mother
Teresa fought against poverty. Nelson Mandela fought
against apartheid, a racist political system in which white
people kept all the power and wealth for themselves.
Mandela was jailed from 1962 to 1990 for his campaign.
People worldwide admire these two great heroes. Both were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for
their work for peace and justice.
MOTHER TERESA FACTS… NELSON MANDELA FACTS…

 was born on 26 August, 1910, in Albania  was born on 18 July, 1918, in South Africa
 became a lawyer and politician
 left Albania at 18 to come to Ireland
 was a boxer and a marathon runner in
 joined the Loreto nuns in Dublin college
 travelled to Kolkata in India in 1929  fought against apartheid
 joined the African National Congress
 worked as a teacher and helped the poor
(ANC) in 1944
 set up the Missionaries of Charity in 1950  was imprisoned and received one letter
 lived with the poor in Kolkata and one visitor every six months
 was elected President of South Africa at
 was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 the age of 75
 died on 5 September, 1997  was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 1993
A Which hero? Think and write “MT” for Mother Teresa or “NM” for Nelson Mandela for
each description below.
NM became President of South Africa.
1. ____ NM was a politician.
4. ____
MT trained as a religious person.
2. ____ NM suffered because of racism.
5. ____
MT met children regularly.
3. ____ MT was the older of the two.
6. ____
B Your opinion… Think, discuss and give your opinion. Remember Sharu! P.A.
1. Which injustice is greater: poverty in Kolkata or apartheid in South Africa? _____________
Why? ________________________________________________________________________
2. Which was harder: life on the streets of Kolkata or life in isolation in prison? ___________
Why? ________________________________________________________________________
3. Who was the greater hero: Mother Teresa or Nelson Mandela? ________________________
Why? ________________________________________________________________________
C Imagine… You could text Mother Teresa and Nelson Mandela. Write your messages.
1. Dear Mother Teresa, __________________
P.A.
2. Dear Nelson Mandela, ________________

1. She ran like billy-o. She ran quickly.
2. They are like chalk and cheese. They are very different.
3. He climbed it like a monkey. He climbed very quickly.
4. He’s shaking like a leaf. He is shaking a lot.
5. She leaped like a frog. She jumped really high.
1. A hand is attached to an __. They will __ the soldiers for battle. arm
We made a rubbing from the __ of
2. We listened to the dog __ all night.
the tree. bark
You must change __ as the car
3. I left my hurling _____ at home.
accelerates. gear
I watched the chickens __ out of the
4. You use a __ at the late night shop.
eggs. hatch
5. The superhero wore a red __. The tip of Africa is called a __. cape
1. e __
__ a __y
s e __
r__ a s__on e __
__ a __iest
s e __
t__ a __e
s e __
gr__ a __e
s e __
cr__ a __e
s
2. a __
f__ s __
t a __
c__ s __le
t a __
__ s t__eroid a __
v__ s __
t a __
m__ s __er
t a __
t__ s __e
t
3. o __u __
t__ g __
h o __
th__ u g__ h__tful d__o __
u __
g h__nut o __
c__ u __
g h__ o __
en__ u __
g h__ o __
b__ u __
g h__t
D Think, plan, write… Write a short poem on the theme of “Wonders and woes”. P.A.
• Step 1: Think of a title, for example, “Wonder Woman”, “Superhero”, “Helping”.
Key words
Rhyming word 1
Rhyming word 2
E Teaser Time V.A.

(i) blt belt (iv) stal stall (vii) olf wolf
(ii) bre bare (v) fild field (viii) sot shot
(iii) ood wood (vi) scn scan (ix) niht night
(i) I am always coming yet I never arrive. (wtmrrooo) tomorrow
_____________________
(ii) I start with a P, end with an E and have thousands of
letters in me. (psot iceffo) post office
_____________________
(iii) I have teeth but cannot bite. (bcmo) comb
_____________________

Words beginning with “fr” Words beginning with “gr”

1. a picture goes into it frame 6. a type of bear grizzly
2. cold storage for food fridge 7. a hot room in the garden greenhouse
3. you jump when you get it fright 8. your father’s father grandad
4. sunspots on the skin freckles 9. elegant graceful
5. part of a whole thing fraction 10. writing on a wall graffiti
Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “Working for a better world”, are the
following facts about Mother Teresa (MT) or Nelson Mandela (NM)?
1. born in South Africa in 1918 NM 6. won a Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 MT

2. worked as a teacher MT 7. became President at 75 years of age NM
3. born in Albania in 1910 MT 8. spent time in an Irish convent MT
4. spent time in prison NM 9. trained as a lawyer NM
5. lived in Kolkata in India MT 10. died in 1997 MT
Score
C Grammar. Write the missing commas where they should be in the sentences.
1. Paper, plastic and food cans are recycled. 6. “Please stop fighting ,” shouted Mum.
2. In a triathlon people run, cycle and swim. 7. I ate a ham , cheese and tomato toastie.
3. “I’ve forgotten the words,” said the singer. 8. He wanted to talk to Rosy, so he rang her.
4. I’ll hoover, while you clean the kitchen. 9. That drawer is for knives, forks and spoons
5. I saw the film , but I didn’t enjoy it. 10. We can eat here , or go somewhere else.
Score
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

From personal experience
Many authors write about something that has happened in their life.
This is called writing from personal experience.
Some authors base a story on their experiences.
This means that some of the story may be made up…
A Read this piece from Carrie’s War by Nina Bawden. Then answer the questions. Nina
was evacuated to Wales during World War II. She was 14 years old at the time. P.A.
Carrie’s children said, “No one’s been here for hundreds
of years… A hundred, thousand years. A million, billion,
trillion…” “Only about thirty,” said Carrie. She spoke as if
this was no time at all. “I was here, with Uncle Nick, thirty
years ago. During the war – when England was at war with
Germany – the Government sent the children out of the cities
so they wouldn’t be bombed. We weren’t told where we were
going. Just told to turn up at our schools with a packed lunch
and a change of clothes, then we went to the station with
our teachers. There were whole train-loads of children sent away like that…” “Without their
mummies?” the little ones said. “Without their dads?” “Oh, quite alone,” Carrie said. “I was
eleven when we first came here. And Uncle Nick was going on ten.”
1. Do you think that the author wrote this book from personal experience?
2. Why do you think that?
3. What do you think the author’s first memory of being evacuated might have been?
B Choose one of the following topics and write a personal experience about it. Use the
questions to help you to plan your piece. P.A.
(i) Something funny that happened (ii) Something sad that happened
1. When did it happen? Were you young? ____________________________________________
2. Where did it happen? Was it at home or in school or somewhere else?
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. Who else was there? Were your family or friends involved?
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. What happened? _______________________________________________________________
5. How did it all end? Did you learn anything?
_____________________________________________________________________________
C Use the questions to help you plan and write a non-fiction piece (something that
really happened) called “The Best Day of My Life”. P.A.
1. When did it happen? ___________________________________________________________
2. Where did it happen? ___________________________________________________________
3. Who else was there? ___________________________________________________________
4. What happened? ______________________________________________________________
5. How did it all end? ____________________________________________________________

When I Grow Up
When I grow up I want to be… When I grow up I want to be… When I grow up I want to be…
A systems analyst, A dress designer, Taller,
A game-show panellist, A coal miner, Thinner,
A pop star with a guitar, A good rhymer, A lottery winner!
A technologist, A charmer, But if none
A psychologist, A pig farmer, Of these can be
A herpetologist, A rock and roller, I will remain
A man who studies volcanoes, A South Pole explorer, Yours truly
An ecologist? A moonwalker, ME!
No, a seismologist! A New Yorker.
When I grow up I want to be… When I grow up I want to be…

Something in the city, Stinking rich,
Very pretty, A wicked witch,
A fortune teller, A private eye,
A good speller, An engineer,
A radar technician, A life peer,
Always out fishin’, A DJ – OK?
A clever magician, A lead singer, Look up any
A cosmetician, A right winger words you don’t
know in your
A politician. For Liverpool – Cool! dictionary.

1. Do you like this poem? Yes  No  Why? _______________________________________
2. Which three wishes do you think the poet is most unlikely to achieve?
(i) ______________________ (ii) ______________________ (iii) _______________________
3. Which three wishes in the poem would you most like to achieve?
(i) ______________________ (ii) ______________________ (iii) _______________________
4. Name two things (not mentioned in the poem) you would like to be when you are older.
(i) _________________________________ (ii) _________________________________
5. Think about other pupils in your class. Who do you think is most likely to be:
(i) a fortune teller? _________ (ii) a politician? _________ (iii) a rock and roller? _________
6. Which one of the occupations listed in the poem is probably the most:
(i) dangerous? _______ (ii) well-paid? ______ (iii) enjoyable? _______ (iv) boring? ______
_
B Find words in the poem that match the following clues.

a good private a make-up
1. bit of a poet 4. a detective 7. cosmetician
rhymer eye seller
2. space invader
moon 5.
need a rod
fishin’ 8.
Antarctic South Pole
walker and reel visitor explorer
3. oink! oink! pig farmer 6. crystal ball-er fortune teller 9. football crazy right winger
C Draw a picture to match the following: P.A.

1. a clever magician 2. a right winger for Liverpool 3. a private eye

1. vanish into thin air (i) very busy
2. let bygones be bygones (ii) forgive and forget
3. wrong end of the stick (iii) to suspect something odd
4. snowed under (iv) disappear
5. to smell a rat (v) misunderstand
6. a snake in the grass (vi) enemy
B Vocabulary. Rewrite the lines from the poem “When I Grow Up” in another way.P.A.
1. When I grow up I want to be
2. A private eye
3. A game show panellist
4. A right winger for Liverpool
5. Stinking rich

1. tink think thinke 6. biskit bisciut biscuit
2. does deos dus 7. majition magician magicin
3. moer more mor 8. sircle circel circle
4. freind friend frend 9. recieve receive reiceve
5. dere there ther 10. seceratary secretery secretary
“When I grow up”. Try to use lots of adjectives. P.A.
exciting challenging money opportunity exotic travel
children owner difficult company inventor spaceship
1. People with interesting jobs… 2. Unusual/Dangerous jobs…
Paragraph 1
3. The best job in the world… 4. The job you would really like…
1. Description of that job… 2. Exciting aspects of that job…
Paragraph 2
3. What else apart from a job? 4. Will you travel? Where?
1. Where will you live? 2. Your family/house/hobbies…
Paragraph 3
3. Worries about growing up… 4. Any other dreams?
E Teaser Time
You are 10 metres away from the door. Every move you make, you move forward half the
distance to the door. How long will it take you to reach the door?
You will never reach it.
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Mirror, Mirror. As Tom looked in the mirror he saw his sister Sheela looking over what
appeared to be his left shoulder. Was she really looking over his left shoulder?
Yes.
_____________________________________________________________________________

clown farmer fisherman beekeeper scientist pilot diver judge lifeguard chef
1. swimsuit lifeguard 6. wellingtons farmer
2. tall white hat chef 7. wig and gown judge
3. wetsuit diver 8. waders fisherman
4. peaked cap pilot 9. sealed suit, hat beekeeper
5. white coat scientist 10. wig, large shoes clown Score
B Comprehension. Match the job description to the job.
studies behaviour mines coal in the government studies nature singer
sells make-up investigates crimes studies earthquakes does tricks studies reptiles
1. pop star singer 6. ecologist studies nature
2. cosmetician sells make-up 7. coal miner mines coal
3. private eye investigates crimes 8. seismologist studies earthquakes
4. politician in the government 9. herpetologist studies reptiles

5. magician does tricks 10. psychologist studies behaviour Score
Seafood is healthy and widely available water
_________ in India because we are surrounded by _________.
caught by the hardworking fishermen who brave all kinds of _________
Fish are _________ weather to do their
will usually clean the _________
job. Once the fish is caught, a fishmonger _________ fish and remove
bones before selling it. This is _________
all of the _________ called filleting the fish. You can _________
also buy
bake it in the
whole fish to cook. Most fish is easy to cook quickly. You can fry, grill it or _________
oven with a little lemon juice. Score
was listening
Long ago, the wise old owl were teaching the birds to make nests. They were all lisening except
for Every
four one – Pica pica, the magpie. every time the owl spoke, the confident magpie would say,
magpie
“Caw, caw! I knew that before!” After a while, the other birds got fed up with the Magpie. “Well,
if you know it all, finish your nest yourself,” said the owl. The birds flew away and left the
chattering magpie alone. Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Nouns 2
The gender of nouns tells us if they are masculine or feminine.
Nouns that refer to males are masculine. Example: man
Nouns that refer to females are feminine. Example: woman
Nouns that can be male or female are common. Example: student
Nouns are neuter if they describe lifeless objects. Example: stone
A Write the feminine of these nouns and use each in a sentence.

1. prince princess 9. grandfather grandmother
2. bridegroom bride 10. boy girl
3. man woman 11. host hostess
4. king queen 12. husband wife
5. headmaster headmistress 13. bull cow
6. nephew niece 14. son daughter
7. fox vixen 15. actor actress
8. brother sister 16. uncle aunt
B Underline the nouns in these sentences. Divide them into masculine, feminine,
common and neuter.
1. My sister Mili lost her handbag last week.
2. My uncle Tom has an appointment with the doctor.
3. The headmaster called Veeru to the office.
4. My cousin lives on the farm and helps out with the cows.
5. His mother is a waitress in a local restaurant.
6. The bride was nervous on the day of the wedding.
7. The woman and her husband had a meeting with their solicitor.
8. The king’s son is a prince.
9. The girl kicked her ball into the middle of the lake.
10. The gentleman next door is called Mr Raj.
Masculine Feminine Common Neuter
uncle prince sister woman doctor handbag day
Tom gentleman Mili girl cousin week wedding
headmaster Mr Raj Veeru cows appointment ball
husband mother solicitor office lake
king waitress farm door
son bride restaurant
C Write the common noun of these masculine and feminine nouns.

Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine Common
1. boy girl child 4. ram ewe sheep
2. stallion mare horse 5. grandfather grandmother grandparent
3. stag doe deer 6. boar sow pig
The Bubble car
This is a Bubble car. When cars were first invented, they were
big, heavy and expensive. After World War II, people did not
have much money and they wanted smaller, cheaper cars
like the Bubble car. Ernst Heinkel, a German man, made
the German Bubble car. It was a three-wheel, one-door car
– some people said it was just an overgrown motorcycle!
The first Bubble car came to Ireland in 1956, and in 1958
the manufacturing of Bubble cars moved from Germany to
Dundalk in County Louth.
Because Bubble cars had three wheels, instead of four, they were taxed at the same lower
rate as a motorbike. The fastest speed at which the Bubble could travel was 45 km per hour, or
maybe 46 km going downhill! To keep the cars cheap, wing mirrors were sold as extras! Seat-
belts were not included. Almost 6,500 Bubble cars were made in Dundalk before the factory
closed in 1962. A Bubble car is on display in the County Museum in Dundalk.
FIVE FUNNY FACTS ABOUT CARS

 When cars were first invented, a person waving a red flag
had to walk in front of the car!
 The first speeding tickets were given in 1902 when cars
could not go faster than 45 km.
 Most early cars had a lever instead of a steering wheel.
 On average, drivers spend two weeks of their lives waiting
for traffic lights to change.
 One of the longest traffic jams occurred in France in 1980.
It was 170 km long and stretched from Lyon to Paris.

1. Who invented the Bubble car in Germany? ________________________________________
2. Give one reason why Bubble cars were invented. ____________________________________
3. How many Bubble cars were made in Ireland? _____________________________________
4. How many doors did the Bubble car have? ________________________________________
5. Do you like the Bubble car? Yes  No  Why? ___________________________________
1. The Bubble car had five wheels.  3. Bubble cars were cheap. 
Bubble cars were made in Ireland The longest traffic jam was from
2.
in 1996.  4.
Dublin to Paris. 
C Imagine… You are a reporter for a car magazine. Rate the Bubble car out of 10. P.A.
Question Score Question Score Question Score
How safe is it? How roomy is it? How affordable is it?
How comfortable How do you like the How easy would it be
is it? look of it? to park?
Total Score

Six cyclists rode in a race on different coloured bicycles. They were green, blue, black, red,
cream and brown. The blue and cream bicycles were big. The others were small. Two of
the small bicycles, not green or black, were speeding. Only one small bicycle, not speeding
and not black, was heading north. Only one of the big bicycles, not cream, was heading
south. The road runs straight, north to south.
1. Was the red bicycle speeding? Yes

2. What colour was the small bicycle heading north? Green
3. In what direction was the cream bicycle going? North
4. What colours were the small bicycles? Green, black, red, brown
5. Which big bicycle travelled south? blue
1. poverty It is poverty a good idea. There is a lot of poverty in India. 

The prevent takes place every The gate was locked to prevent
2. prevent
spring. entry. 
The house was small but
3. affordable
affordable.  We moved slowly affordable.
The class wrote a summary of We all used a summary in our

4. summary
the novel.  maths test.
Did they issue you with a
5. issue I need a clean issue for my nose.
receipt? 

1. driv/er 5. tick/ et 9. pur/ ple
2. in/ vest 6. down/ hill 10. car/ rot
3. cheap/ est 7. bub/ ble 11. kit/ ten
4. heav/ y 8. tea/ pot 12. sing/ er
D Think, plan, write… A motion is a proposal on a topic. Plan a debate for and against the
motion “Children should get pocket money from the government”. Write three points
child allowance responsibility fair learn to save school books P.A.
equal amount funding work at school community work clothes
E Teaser Time. Crack the code.

Here are eight words: PAN, NIP, PIG, TIP, TAP, DIG, GET, PET
They are written below in code. For example, SXY stands for NIP. Use this information
to find the correct code for each of the other words.
SXY LQY MXF YHL YQS FHL LXY YXF

NIP TAP DIG PET PAN GET TIP PIG

rapidly carelessly frequently casually occasionally
hesitatingly cautiously accidentally intently deliberately
without being
1. carefully cautiously 6.
sure hesitatingly
2. often frequently 7. not deliberately accidentally
without taking in a relaxed
3.
care carelessly 8.
fashion casually
4. with great focus intently 9. quickly rapidly
5. now and then occasionally 10. intentionally deliberately Score
B Comprehension. Complete each sentence with two facts from “The Bubble car”.
had a top speed of 45 kph manufactured 6500 Bubble cars very expensive closed in 1962
designed the Bubble car was cheap was German one door three wheels heavy
1. The first cars were (i) very expensive (ii) heavy
2. Ernest Heinkel (i) designed the Bubble car (ii) was German
3. The Bubble car had (i) three wheels (ii) one door
4. The Dundalk factory (i) manufactured 6500 Bubble cars (ii) closed in 1962
5. The Bubble car (i) was cheap (ii) had a top speed of 45 kph
Score
C Grammar. Are these nouns masculine (M) or feminine (F) or neuter (N)?
1. book N 6. table N
2. son M 7. teacher C
3. child N 8. queen F
4. uncle M 9. clock N
5. filly F 10. grandparent C Score
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Contractions
Contractions are shortened words or phrases.
An apostrophe (’) is used to take the place of a missing letter or letters.
Would is often used in a contraction.
The part of the word “woul” is replaced by an apostrophe.
Examples: I would like to go for a run.  I’d like to go for a run.
She would be very grateful.  She’d be very grateful.
Other examples include:
They are/They’re I have/I’ve Do not/Don’t It is/It’s I am/I’m She will/She’ll
A Rewrite each sentence using a contraction or contractions.

1. We’d
We would love to accept your invitation. __________________________________________
2. He’d
He would like another glass of water. _____________________________________________
3. I’d
If I were you I would tell the truth. _______________________________________________
4. They’d
They would never be finished on time. ____________________________________________
5. It’s
It is sad but true. _______________________________________________________________
6. We’d
We would be better at lifting the heavy box. ________________________________________
7. I’d
I would like three tickets for the next show, please. __________________________________
8. I’ll, she’d
I will ask her if she would like to sit down. _________________________________________
9. We’d
We would like to plant some new trees in the garden. _______________________________
10. They’d
They would like to raise money to buy new equipment. _____________________________
B Complete the following table of contractions. Use each one in a sentence.

1. they would they’d 6. you are you’re
2. he will he’ll 7. would not wouldn’t
3. do not don’t 8. he would he’d
4. I am I’m 9. it is it’s
5. did not didn’t 10. who is who’s
Should have, would have and could have can be written as
should’ve, would’ve and could’ve.
C Complete each sentence using a suitable contraction. V.A.

1. would’ve
I thought that they ________________ been here by now.
2. should’ve asked Robin for his help.
Batman ________________
3. would’ve
He ________________ forgotten that we were meeting today.
4. would’ve
They ________________ enjoyed the film if they’d seen it.
5. could’ve
He ________________ cut the grass while the weather was fine.
6. should’ve been here earlier but I got a flat tyre.
I ________________
7. could’ve
If they didn’t have to work, they ________________ stayed longer.
8. would’ve
She ________________ missed the bus if the alarm hadn’t rung.
9. should’ve taken the dog for a walk early this morning.
I ________________
10. could’ve
He ________________ helped the elderly lady to carry her shopping.

Ayrton Senna
Ayrton Senna da Silva was one of the best
racing car drivers ever. He was born in Brazil
in 1960. When he was just a few years old, he
was found to have very poor coordination.
That meant that he was not good at using
his eyes, hands and feet in the correct order,
so his dad bought him a small go-kart to
help him. Senna loved the kart and spent so
much time in it that his coordination quickly
improved. He went go-karting every weekend.
When he was 19 years old, Senna came
second in the Karting World Championship.
In 1984, Senna became a Formula 1 racing driver. Formula 1 cars can travel up to 360 kilometres
per hour – three times as fast as the speed limit on Irish motorways. Senna was Formula 1 champion
in 1988, 1990 and 1991.
Motor racing is very dangerous. In 1994, 34-year-old Ayrton crashed and died during the San
Marino Grand Prix in Italy. People all over the world were devastated. In Brazil, the government
announced three days of mourning for Senna. About 3 million people lined the streets of his
home city of São Paulo for his funeral. During his life, Senna had given lots of money to help the
poor children of São Paulo. His family have continued this good work in his memory.
FANTASTIC FORMULA 1 (F1) FACTS

 F1 cars can accelerate from 0 to 160 kph and back to 0 in four seconds.
 F1 drivers must take the wheel off the car to get into the driving seat.
 F1 tyres become lighter during a race as they become worn.
 There is no number 13 car in Formula 1 racing.

1. Who was Ayrton Senna? ________________________________________________________
2. Why did his dad give him a go-kart? ______________________________________________
3. What happened in 1984? _______________________________________________________
4. Select the three words that best describe Senna.
courageous  reckless  generous  skilled  rich  unlucky  foolish 
5. Why do tyres become lighter during F1 racing? _____________________________________
6. Why is the steering wheel taken off a Formula 1 car? ________________________________

1. Is motor racing a good sport? Yes  No  Why? __________________________________
2. Why is there no number 13 car in F1 racing? _______________________________________
3. Was it a good idea for Ayrton’s dad to buy him a go-kart? Yes  No  Why? _________
4. Name three sports that you would like to be good at. (i) _____________________________
(ii) _________________________________ (iii) _____________________________________
C Imagine… Design and draw a car that you would like to drive. P.A.

1. They fought like cats and dogs. They fought a lot.

2. It’s not my cup of tea. I’m not really interested.
3. He has a temper like a volcano. He has a bad temper.
4. The tickets were like gold dust. The tickets were scarce.
5. Her story leaked like a sieve. Her story didn’t add up.
most terrifying get faster talented sadly put back into place unfortunately
happened most frightening restore took place increase speed good at
unfortunately most frightening
1. tragically 4. scariest
sadly most terrifying
happened put back into place
2. occurred 5. replace
took place restore
get faster talented
3. accelerate 6. skilled
increase speed good at
1. o __
col__ u __
r o __
h__ u __
r o __
f__ u __th
r o __
t__ u __ist
r o __
s__ u __
r o __
j__ u __ney
r
2. a __
b__ c __
k a __c __
att__ k a __
p__ c __ed
k a __
j__ c __et
k a __c __nowledge
__ k a __
bl__ c __
k
o __
3. sh__ u __l __
d o __
c__ u __l __d o u__ __l __er
b__ d o u__ __l __
m__ d o u__ __l __
w__ d o u__ __l __er
sh__ d
D Think, plan, write… Write a short poem on the theme of “Sport”. P.A.
• Step 1: Think of a title, for example, “My Bike”, “At the Races”, “The Football Match”.
Key words
Rhyming word 1
Rhyming word 2
E Teaser Time V.A.

1. Add two letters to each word to make a new word. The letters can be placed anywhere in
the word. (Hint: sport)
(i) fotbal football (iv) hlete athlete (vii) rey relay
(ii) rket racket (v) oymic olympic (viii) fnl final
(iii) teis tennis (vi) raning training (ix) rgb rugby
(i) I have holes all over but can hold water. (psoneg) sponge
_____________________
(ii) I never fall yet I break regularly. (yad) day
_____________________

glove racket scrum oar rod club cue sliotar saddle yacht
1. sailing yacht 6. golf club
2. tennis racket 7. boxing glove
3. rugby scrum 8. rowing oar
4. snooker cue 9. hurling sliotar
5. fishing rod 10. show jumping saddle Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “Ayrton Senna”, are these sentences
1. Aryton Senna was born in Portugal.  6. Senna was 34 years old when he died. 
He got his first go-kart from his During a race F1 car tyres become
2.
dad.  7.
lighter. 
3. Senna died in Portugal.  8. Karting helped Ayrton’s coordination. 
4. Senna was F1 champion 5 times.  9. Formula 1 racing has no number 13 car. 
5. F1 cars can travel up to 500 kph.  10. Senna donated money to F1 racing. 
Score
C Grammar. Write the full meaning of each contraction.
1. I’d I would 6. they’d they would
2. would’ve would have 7. she’d she would
3. they’ve they have 8. we’d we would
4. we’ve we have 9. could’ve could have
5. should’ve should have 10. who’s who is Score
there watches know
Long ago, they’re were no clocks or watchs. People looked at the sun if thay wanted to no what
were
time it was. Sundials was also used to tell the time. The shadow on a sundial shows the position
always its After
of the sun in the sky. The sun is allways at it’s highest point in the sky at 12 noon. after clocks
official
were invented, many towns had a clock tower. The clock tower was the oficial timekeeper.
Watchmakers
watchmakers were important people because they could make and mend clocks and watches.
Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Rewind 3
Let’s look back at adjectives, contractions, commas and the gender of nouns.
1. What are the three degrees of comparison in adjectives?
2. What do we mean by the gender of a noun?
3. Where do we put the apostrophe in a contraction?
4. What is a joining comma?
A Rewrite the sentences: (i) changing the adjective to the comparative and
(ii) using contractions.
1. I would like you to be kind to the children. I’d - kinder
2. We would talk to her if she were a cheerful person. We’d - more cheerful
3. She should have chosen a peaceful place to relax. should’ve - more peaceful
4. He would like to drive a big car. He’d - bigger
5. They could have been helpful at the school fair. could’ve - more helpful
6. We should have been nice to the visitors. should’ve - nicer
7. He could have arranged a convenient meeting place. could’ve - more convenient
8. They will become forgetful as they get old. They’ll - more forgetful
9. I should have been thoughtful and tidied the room for her. should’ve - more thoughful
10. We could have stayed out late but we had to go home. could’ve - later
11. You should have been friendly. should’ve - friendlier
12. She would have won the race if she ran fast. would’ve - faster
B Are these nouns masculine (M), feminine (F), neuter (N) or common (C)?
1. child C 7. drake M 13. ram M

2. book N 8. hat N 14. teacher C
3. queen F 9. vixen F 15. tree N
4. adult C 10. roof N 16. cousin C
5. nephew M 11. parent C 17. singer C
6. horse C 12. house N 18. aunt F
C Rewrite this piece. Add any necessary commas.

We are really excited in school, because we have reached the schools’ hurling final. Our teacher
has told us to practise morning, noon and night. She has warned, “Anybody who doesn’t turn
up for training will not be playing in the match.” We have a lot to do, or we won’t stand a
chance against the other team. They are excellent. They have strong players, a great coach and
lots of skill. It will be a tough game, but we know that we have a chance. The winning team
can only keep the champions’ cup for a year but all members of the team will receive a medal.
Friends, family and teachers will all be there on the day to cheer for us. I am so excited about
the final that I can’t sleep, work or concentrate on anything. I hope that I am not too tired and I
will be able to play in the match!

The Wind in a Frolic
The wind one morning sprung up from sleep, But the wind had swept on, and had met in a
Saying, “Now for a frolic! Now for a leap! lane
Now for a mad-cap, galloping chase! With schoolchildren, who panted and
I’ll make a commotion in every place!” struggled in vain;
So it swept with a bustle right through a great For it tossed them and twirled them, then
town, passed as they stood
Creaking the signs, and scattering down With hats in a pool and shoes in the mud!
Shutters; and whisking, with merciless squalls,
Old women’s bonnets and gingerbread stalls.
Then away to the fields it went blustering and
humming,
And the cattle all wondered what monster was
coming.
It plucked by the tails the slow chewing cows,
And tossed the colts’ manes all over their
brows; THE BEAUFORT SCALE
Till, offended at such an unusual salute, Over 200 years ago an Irishman called
They all turned their backs, and stood sulky Francis Beaufort created a scale for wind
and mute. measurements. The scale goes from Force 0
So on it went, capering and playing its pranks, (no wind or calm) to Force 12 (hurricane).
Whistling through reeds on the broad Beaufort’s scale is so accurate that it is still
riverbanks. used all over the world today.

1. What happened one morning? ___________________________________________________
2. What happened to the old women? _______________________________________________
3. What animals were in the fields? _________________________________________________
4. Where were the reeds? __________________________________________________________
5. What happened to the children? _________________________________________________
_
B Find words in the poem that match the descriptions below.

1. jumped up sprung up 4. hair on a horse mane 7. tried very hard struggled
2. lots of noise commotion 5. greeting salute 8. with no success in vain
3. having no pity merciless 6. silent mute 9. twisted twirled
C Imagine… Draw a picture to match the line selected from the poem. P.A.
it swept with a bustle right through a great town
D Use the calendar below to record your view of the wind scale each day for a month.P.A.
Force 1 Force 2 Force 3 Force 4 Force 5 Force 6 Month:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
gentle moderate fresh strong
light air light breeze 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
breeze breeze breeze breeze
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Force 7 Force 8 Force 9 Force 10 Force 11 Force 12
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
violent
near gale fresh gale strong gale storm hurricane 29 30 31
storm

1. turn on the waterworks (i) only a small part of the story
2. not born yesterday (ii) in the cinema
3. tip of the iceberg (iii) not a fool
4. on the silver screen (iv) to settle somewhere
5. to put down roots (v) cry
B Vocabulary. Rewrite the lines from the poem “The Wind in a Frolic” in another way.
1. The wind one morning sprung up from sleep
2. Stood sulky and mute
3. I’ll make a commotion in every place!
4. So on it went, capering and playing its pranks

1. dun done doen 5. belowe bello below
2. nice nise niss 6. color coulor colour
3. finish finnesh finesh 7. feeled field feild
4. derty dirty durtee 8. calender calandar calendar
“Caught in a storm”. Try to use lots of adjectives. P.A.
smashed uncontrollable terrified changed dramatic hero
rescuers waded splashed carried gusts nervous
1. How did the day begin? 2. Who was with you?
Paragraph 1
3. Were you on land or at sea? 4. … or trapped at school?
1. How did the weather change? 2. What moved, shook, fell?
Paragraph 2
3. Dangerous moments… 4. Who was looking for help?
1. How did help arrive? 2. News reporter/rescue centre…
Paragraph 3
3. A great moment for you… 4. How did the day end?
E Teaser Time
1. Solve the riddles.
(i) A person had a load of wood which was neither straight nor crooked. What kind of
sawdust
wood was it? ______________________________________________________________
(ii) Yesterday always comes before today except in one place. Where? dictionary
_________________
2. Five-Minute Word Bank. In five minutes, how many words (of three or more letters) can
you make using the words TEASER TIME? P.A.
(i) MITE (iv) (vii) (x) (xiii)
(ii) (v) (viii) (xi) (xiv)
(iii) (vi) (ix) (xii) (xv)

A Vocabulary. Match the related words.

freezing crackling raging overcast showery
misty scorching roaring pleasant drenching
1. very cold freezing 6. huge storm raging
2. wind and rain showery 7. thunder roaring
3. foggy misty 8. lightning crackling
4. lots of clouds overcast 9. very hot scorching
5. sun and clouds pleasant 10. heavy rain drenching
Score
B Comprehension. Match a meaning to each of these phrases from “The Wind in a Frolic”.
young male horse play disturbance without success silent
strong gusts of wind soft hat with ribbons jumped up greeting playing pranks
1. sprung up jumped up 6. capering playing pranks
2. frolic play 7. in vain without success
3. commotion disturbance 8. mute silent
4. salute greeting 9. bonnets soft hat with ribbons
5. squalls strong gusts of wind 10. colt young male horse Score
C Grammar. Rewrite the sentences: (i) changing the adjective to the positive and
(ii) using contractions.
1. I would have chosen a more peaceful place. I’d have chosen a peaceful place.
_______________________________________
2. We have a most generous aunt in the USA. We’ve a generous aunt in the USA.
_______________________________________
3. They would have a better time at the zoo. They’d have a good time at the zoo.
_______________________________________
4. It should have been more important to her. It should’ve been important to her.
_______________________________________
5. Tony and Mary could have arrived earlier. Tony and Mary could’ve arrived ear-
_______________________________________
ly. Score
India
Cows in india are lucky because of the mixture of sunshine and rain. This means the fields are
for
full of lush grass that is perfect four grazing.Grazing on good grass helps cows to produce plenty
birth calves In years
of milk, and to give born to healthy calfs. in India, most cows live to be about 15 year old. In
areas live
poorer, warmer areos, cows lives until they are only seven or eight years old. Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Clauses and sentences
A clause can be a part of a sentence or a whole sentence.
The main clause will always have a subject and a verb.
• Subject: a noun or a word representing a noun that tells us about whom or
what we are speaking.
• Verb: the action or doing word that tells us what is being done.
Example: The girl laughed. (girl = subject, laughed = verb)
A Underline the subject in blue and the verb in red in these clauses.
1. The dog barked 3. My aunt visited 5. The horse gallops
2. The flowers bloomed 4. The boy turned purple 6. The baby crawled
A sentence is one or more clauses put together that make sense.

Sentences have two parts: a subject (just like a clause)
and a predicate, which tells us what is said about the subject.
Clauses can also have a predicate.
Example:
Jack and Jill went up the hill. (Jack and Jill = subject, went up the hill = predicate)
B Underline the subject in blue and the predicate in black in these sentences.
1. The man bought a newspaper. 4. My favourite colour is purple. Have you noticed
that the subject
2. Next door to us is a school. 5. My hands are covered in mud. does not always
3. The postman delivered a letter. 6. The gardener mowed the lawn. come first?
Sometimes we can further divide the predicate of a sentence into:

• Verb: the action or doing word that tells us what is being done.
• Object: tells us to whom or what the action is being done.
Example: Dogs chase cats. (chase = verb and cats = object.)
C Write the subject, verb and object of each sentence.

Predicate
Subject Verb Object
1. The child opened the window. The child opened window
2. The boy lost the pen. The boy lost pen
3. Shreya sang the song. Shreya sang song
4. The mother dressed the baby. The mother dressed baby
5. The dancer performed on stage. The dancer performed stage
6. The secretary typed a letter. The secretary typed letter
D Write four sentences using a subject, verb and object from each box. P.A.
Subject Verb Object
birds grandad polished milk tea sky
mother staff stirred flew soup shoes

The mother with 140 children
Rio Hogarty was a great singer and a marvellous storyteller but she is
best known for being an amazing mother. She was born in Dublin
in 1937, a couple of years before the start of World War II. The war
caused fuel and food shortages. When Rio spotted others who were
cold or hungry, she brought them home to her mother.
Rio met and married Hugh, and they had two children of their own
– a boy and a girl. Rio was very happy with her own children, but that
didn’t stop her bringing home more and more children! In fact, Rio
became a foster mother to about 140 children! In 2010, she was honoured with the Inspiring
Mum of the Year award at the People of the Year Awards, organised by Rehab, for her kindness
to children.
In the 1960s, Rio thought of an unusual way of making money to feed her huge family
– bringing butter from Northern Ireland, where it was much cheaper, and selling it in the
Republic of Ireland. Rio faced a big problem: in the Republic of Ireland at that time, only
men were allowed to have licences to drive large trucks. So Rio passed her lorry driving test
in Northern Ireland. She made plenty of money to buy food and clothes for her children.
By the time Rio got her well-deserved award, she was a mother, a grandmother and a great-
grandmother, but was still caring for seven foster children of her own. Thank you, Mammy Rio!
FOOD RATIONS LONG AGO

 Food was scarce in Ireland during World War II.
 Britain was at war so boats were not available to bring tea, sugar and
other essential foods to Ireland.
 Families had ration books to allow them to collect small amounts of
food each week.

1. What is Rio Hogarty best known for? _____________________________________________
2. How did she make money to support her children? _________________________________
3. Why did Rio get her lorry driving licence in Northern Ireland? ________________________
4. What three words do you think Rio’s foster children might use to describe her?
(i) ______________________ (ii) ______________________ (iii) _______________________
5. What do you think was the most amazing thing about Rio? __________________________

Rio Hogarty… During World War II… In my opinion…
had no children of her own  food was plentiful  Rio was wonderfully kind 
people had ration Rio fostered too many
fostered about 140 children  books  children 
taught her children to drive tea and sugar were food rationing was
lorries  scarce  difficult for people 
received a special award  Britain was at war  Rio was very brave 
C Imagine… Draw an image of the following: P.A.
1. Rio driving her truck 2. a family meal in Rio’s house

A Comprehension. Match the proverb to its correct meaning.
1. Better late than never. (i)Tackle things head on.
2. Curiosity killed the cat. (ii)Be patient and you’ll get what you want.
3. Take the bull by the horns. (iii)
Being nosy can get you into trouble.
4. Two heads are better than one. (iv)You achieve more working as a team.
Everything comes to those who It’s better to do something late than
5. (v)
wait. never at all.
1. A is to Z as first is to last letter P second

2. House is to city as tree is to plant leaves forest grow
3. Early is to late as after is to noon before over later
4. Coal is to mine as water is to pipe well tap drink
5. Race is to sprinter as match is to play light footballer game
6. Cup is to saucer as saucepan is to lid cook cover hot
7. Pilot is to sky as astronaut is to space spaceship Nasa rocket
8. January is to winter as July is to spring autumn summer holiday

1. short/en 5. hun/ ger 9. cup/ board
2. li/ ttle 6. butt/ er 10. hon/ ey
3. ra/ tion 7. lorr/ y 11. cook/ er
4. fos/ ter 8. tak/ en 12. flow/ er
D Think, plan, write… Plan a debate for and against the motion “GAA players should be
paid professionals”. Write three points supporting the motion and three points against
the motion. Use some of these words: P.A.
commitment travel emigrate sponsorship motivation
regular training honour other sports funding love of the game
E Teaser Time
1. Crack the code. Each letter from the second half of the alphabet (N to Z) corresponds to a
letter from the first half of the alphabet (A to M). For example, Z = A, Y = B. Can you work
out the missing words?
WVZU NZPV SRN YVZN TZNV XSRVU SRQZXP XORUU

DEAF MAKE HIM BEAM GAME CHIEF HIJACK CLIFF
(i) The teacher confiscated the treats that she had brought to school for the pupils.
(ii) The woman picked up her needle and thread and continued to knit a lovely scarf.
(iii) The diners peeled the skins off their mashed potatoes.

impatient gentle oppressing vengeful respectful
generous impulsive scornful conscientious ostentatious
getting back at not willing to
1.
someone vengeful 6.
wait impatient
2. show regard for respectful 7. honest, dedicated conscientious
3. over the top ostentatious 8. pressurising oppressing
4. acting abruptly impulsive 9. calm, quiet gentle
5. giving generous 10. show contempt scornful Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “The mother with 140 children”, are
these sentences true () or false ()?
1. Rio Hogarty is an amazing mother.  6. Rio became a taxi driver. 

2. She was born before World War I.  7. Rio loved to sing and tell stories. 
3. Rio had two children of her own.  8. The war caused fuel shortages. 
She passed her driving test in
4. She fostered nearly 500 children.  9.
Dublin. 
5. She won Mother of the Year in 2010.  10. Food was rationed during the war. 
Score
C Grammar. Write the verb and object of each sentence.
Sentence Verb Object
1. We walked up the hill. walked hill
2. Dan milked the cows. milked cows
3. Chris ran in the marathon. ran marathon
4. She collected money for charity. collected money
5. The chef flipped the pancakes. flipped pancakes Score
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

More punctuation
Abbreviations are a way of shortening words or phrases using capital or lower case
letters and sometimes full stops.
If capital letters are used in the long version of the term, they will also be used in the
abbreviation. If the abbreviation ends in the same letter as the word it is shortening, we
do not use a full stop. We also do not use full stops for measurements.
Organisation names: U.N.

Time: 10 a.m. Initials and titles: Dr R.R. Swamy
(United Nations)
Place-names: A.P.
Months: Sept., Dec. Measurements: cm, kg, ml
(Andhra Pradesh)
A Rewrite the sentences using an abbreviation in place of the underlined words.

1. We finish school at 3 in the afternoon. p.m
2. My uncle works for the World Health Organisation. W.H.O
3. There are 100 centimetres in 1 metre. cm - m
4. 26th of January is Republic Day. Jan.
5. My General Practitioner’s name is Doctor Maria. G.P - Dr
6. My alarm clock buzzes at seven in the morning. a.m
7. The speed limit in our area is 30 kilometres per hour. k.p.h
8. I live with my parents in Medak District. Dt.
B Match the words and phrases to the correct abbreviation.

vs O.A.P. Ave Dept B.C. Mr e.g. R.I.P. etc. mg
1. Avenue Ave 6. Department Dept
2. Rest In Peace R.I.P. 7. exempli gratia(for example) e.g.
3. Old Aged Pensioner O.A.P. 8. Mister Mr
4. Before Christ B.C. 9. et cetera (and so forth) etc.
5. versus vs 10. milligrams mg
We use an exclamation mark (!) after an interjection.
An interjection is used to express a strong feeling, thought or command.
They are not generally used in formal writing.
Example: Hurrah! We won.
C Use exclamation marks with these interjections and finish each sentence. P.A.
1. Oh dear ______________________________________________________________________
2. Hush _________________________________________________________________________
3. Hooray _______________________________________________________________________
4. Help _________________________________________________________________________
5. Hey __________________________________________________________________________
6. That’s fantastic ________________________________________________________________
7. Good gracious _________________________________________________________________
8. Aaarrgh _______________________________________________________________________

Bears in the sky
Astronomers are scientists who study objects in the sky, such as stars and
planets. Over thousands of years, astronomers have developed a map of
the sky. Groups of stars are known as constellations. There
are many constellations in the sky.
Most of the constellations were named according to
their shape – that is how we have bears prowling in the
sky at night!
The constellations Ursa Major (meaning “larger
bear”) and Ursa Minor (meaning “smaller bear”)
are in the shape of two bears. Within Ursa Major,
there are seven very well-known stars, called the
“Plough” or the “Big Dipper”, which are in the
shape of a plough. On clear nights, especially in the
countryside, it is very easy to see these seven stars. The
handle of the plough is the tail of the bear – can you see the
plough reaching from the bear’s back to his tail?
Reaching out from the big bear’s back is Ursa Minor – can you see that too? The brightest star
in the sky is Polaris or the North Star, which is at the top of the little bear’s tail.
GET YOUR BEARINGS

For centuries, Polaris has been used as a guide to finding north and getting directions from
there. This is particularly useful for sailors. When people are not sure of where they are, they
sometimes say, “I have to get my bearings”. The phrase comes from the old practice of using
the bears in the sky to find the north star!

1. What are astronomers? _________________________________________________________
2. What are constellations? ________________________________________________________
3. What are the correct names for the two bears in the sky? _____________________________
4. What is another name for the North Star? _________________________________________
5. In which of the two bears is the North Star? ________________________________________
6. What is another name for the Plough? ____________________________________________
7. What does it mean to “get your bearings”? _________________________________________
B Your opinion… Write 15 words that describe the sky, the stars and the planets. P.A.
1. 6. 11.
2. 7. 12.
3. 8. 13.
4. 9. 14.
5. 10. 15.
C Imagine… Draw a starry night and include Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. P.A.

1. This room is like a pigsty. This room is a mess.
2. They ran like the wind. They ran quickly.
3. He slept like a log. He slept well.
4. He is like a bear with a sore head. He is very moody.
5. She works like a dog. She works hard.
1. We have a __ of a problem here. The bold dog __ the child. bit
2. I will __ on the soup to cool it. The boxer received a __ to the head. blow
3. Clean the __ from the fire grate. The __ spewed from the volcano. ashes
4. Take a left at the __ in the road. We use a knife and __ to eat dinner. fork
5. My aunt is a really __ knitter. He had to __ before the operation. fast
A tsunami generally consists of a
6.
series of __.
He __ at me when I pass by. waves
1. mach__i __
n __
e i n__ e__
sh__ d__i __
n __
e i __
airl__ n __
e i __
c__ n __ma
e eng__i __
n __
e
2. e __a __
h__ d e __
r__ a __
d e __
br__ a __
d e __
alr__ a __y
d e __
inst__ a d__ e __
l__ a d__er
3. l__i __
g h__ __t br__i __
g __
h __t stra__i __
g __
h __t i __
m__ g h__ __y
t i __
f__ g h__ __t i __
we__ g h__ __
t
D Think, plan, write… Write a short poem on the theme of “The sky”. P.A.
• Step 1: Think of a title, for example, ”Stars at Night”, “Man in the Moon”, “Moon Walk”.
Key words
Rhyming word 1
Rhyming word 2
E Teaser Time P.A.

(i) sks asks (iv) sove stove (vii) ref reef
(ii) plm plum (v) coa coma (viii) smie smile
(iii) lps lips (vi) cae cake (ix) ahes ashes
(i) I have a floor and a bed but you do not sleep in me. (eas) sea
______________
(ii) I am taller than trees with roots that nobody sees. (tainmuno) mountain
______________
(iii) A poor person has it and a very rich person wants for it. (nhinotg) nothing
______________
82

Words ending with “tion” Words ending with “ough”
1. a grouping of stars constellation 6. not smooth rough
2. animal’s winter sleep hibernation 7. strong, not soft tough
3. using your mind concentration 8. you jump _____ a hoop through
4. arrangement organisation 9. tickle in throat cough
copy of something/
5.
someone repetition 10. branch of a tree bough
Score
B Comprehension. Complete each sentence with two facts from “Bears in the sky”.
named by their shape the North Star called the Plough study the stars means larger bear
helpful to sailors are scientists is a constellation groups of stars made of 7 stars
1. Astronomers (i) study stars (ii) are scientists
2. Ursa Major (i) means larger bear (ii) is a constellation
3. Constellations are (i) named by their shape (ii) groups of stars
4. The Big Dipper is (i) made of 7 stars (ii) called the Plough
5. Polaris is (i) helpful to sailors (ii) the North Star
Score
C Grammar. Write the abbreviation.
1. et cetera etc. 6. Industrial Development Bank of India I.D.B.I.
2. February Feb. 7. Jawaharlal Nehru University J.N.U.
3. kilogramme kg 8. Tax Deducted at Source T.D.
4. Before Christ B.C. 9. United Nations U.N.
5. district dt. 10. in the afternoon pm Score
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score
83
A biography
A biography tells us the story of a person’s life. When a person writes their own
life story, it is called an autobiography. Biographies are non-fiction pieces. A
biographer researches the person before writing a biography.
A Read the following biography about Anne Frank. Then answer the questions. P.A.
Anne Frank was born in Germany to parents Otto and Edith Frank. She had an
older sister called Margot. Anne’s family were Jewish and left Nazi Germany
to live in Amsterdam in 1934. Anne’s family lived a normal life there until
the Nazis invaded the Netherlands and introduced anti-Jewish laws. These
included wearing a Star of David to identify them as Jews. The Franks knew
that things were going to get bad and decided to go into hiding. Anne got a
diary for her 13th birthday in June 1942 and began to record details of her
life. A month later her family, along with five other people, went into hiding
in the “secret annex”, which was a hidden part of Otto’s business premises.
Anne recorded details in her diary of the cramped living conditions, as well
as her hopes and fears. In 1944, when Anne was only 15 years old, the secret annex was discovered.
All of the people in hiding were arrested and sent to Auschwitz, a prison camp where they were
separated. Anne and her sister were transported to another camp called Bergen-Belsen. They both
died of typhus in March 1945. A month later the camp where they died was liberated.
1. When was Anne Frank born? 4. Why did they go into hiding?
2. Who were her family? 5. Where and when did she die?
3. Why did her family leave Germany? 6. How do we know so much about her?
B Write a short biography about your favourite music or sports star. Use the plan to help
you to research them. P.A.
Born? Died?
Where did they grow up?
What are they famous for?
How did they develop their talent/skill?
What are their biggest achievements?
What are they doing now?
C Choose a family member like a parent or grandparent and write a short biography of
their life. P.A.
When were they born?
Where did they grow up?
An event that happened during their childhood
Hobbies and talents
Their family
Important events that happened during their life
What type of person are/were they?

Rats!
The Pied Piper is a legendary tale of a magical man who rid the town of Hamelin of its rats.
Hamelin is on the River Weser in Germany. In 1284, Hamelin was overrun with rats. A man
promised the townspeople a solution. He played a musical pipe to draw the rats into the Weser.
They fought the dogs, and killed the cats, Into the street the Piper stepped,
And bit the babies in the cradles, Smiling first a little smile,
And ate the cheeses out of the vats, As if he knew what magic slept
And licked the soup from the cook’s own In his quiet pipe the while;
ladles, Then, like a musical adept,
Split open the kegs of salted sprats, To blow the pipe his lips he wrinkled,
Made nests inside men’s Sunday hats, And green and blue his sharp eyes twinkled
And even spoiled the women’s chats, Like a candle flame where salt is sprinkled;
By drowning their speaking And ’ere three shrill notes the pipe uttered,
With shrieking and squeaking You heard as if an army muttered;
In fifty different sharps and flats. And the muttering grew to a grumbling;
And the grumbling grew to a mighty rumbling;
And out of the houses the rats came tumbling.
Great rats, small rats, lean rats, brawny rats,
Brown rats, black rats, grey rats, tawny rats,
Grave old plodders, gay young friskers,
Fathers, mothers, uncles, cousins,
Cocking tails and pricking whiskers,
Families by tens and dozens,
Brothers, sisters, husbands, wives—
Followed the Piper for their lives.

1. In what town and country is the poem set? ________________________________________
2. Name something (i) amusing and (ii) disgusting that the poet describes.
(i) ______________________________ (ii) _____________________________________
3. Select three words that you think best describe the poem.
revolting  far-fetched  startling  fascinating  boring exciting brilliant 
4. Which line do you like best? ____________________________________________________
Why? ________________________________________________________________________
5. Do you think this really happened? Yes  No  Why do you think so? _____________
1. soup spoons ladles 4. creased wrinkled 7. falling over tumbling

2. conversations chats 5. scattered gently sprinkled 8. heavy walkers plodders
hair near
high-pitched
3.
noises
shrieking 6. spoke unclearly muttering 9. mouth of whiskers
animal
C Imagine… Draw a picture to match one of the lines selected from the poem. P.A.
1. Made nests inside men’s Sunday hats 2. Into the street the Piper stepped

1. in hot water (i) charming
2. burn the midnight oil (ii) a tiny bit
3. silver tongue (iii) in lots of trouble
4. bark up the wrong tree (iv) raise a false alarm
5. a drop in the ocean (v) stay up late working
6. to cry wolf (vi) look for something in the wrong place
B Vocabulary. Rewrite the lines from the poem “Rats” in another way. P.A.
And licked the soup from the cook’s own
1.
ladles
2. And ’ere three shrill notes the pipe uttered
3. Split open the kegs of salted sprats
4. And the muttering grew to a grumbling

1. seein sene seen 5. night nite nihgt
2. ur your youer 6. thougt thought tought
3. wher whear where 7. traveller travellor traveler
4. pease peace paece 8. candel candle kandle
“A nightmare I had”. Try to use lots of adjectives. P.A.
terrified realised out of control trapped rescued ordered
nibbled missing in charge screamed shaking impossible
1. The day leading up to it… 2. Something that happened…
Paragraph 1
3. Was television scary? 4. Did you meet someone scary?
1. Did you sleep at home or away? 2. Heading to bed…
Paragraph 2
3. How the nightmare began… 4. Place and characters…
1. The scary bits… 2. Your reaction in bed…
Paragraph 3
3. Who helps you? 4. How does it all end?
E Teaser Time
1. Solve the riddles.
onion
(i) Take off my skin. I won’t cry but you will. What am I? __________________________
C
(ii) What letter of the alphabet has the most water in it? ____________________________
teapot
(iii) What begins with T, ends with T and has T in it? _______________________________
(iv) You are stuck in a cold, dark room and you have one match. There is a fire, an oil
the match
lamp and a small gas cooker in the room. What should you light first? ____________
U TH
(Hint: you probably sang this as a young child!) J A J W ____ Jack and Jill
promised destroyed surprised disappointed trusted
encouraged undermined angered confronted reassured
1. annoyed angered 6. ruined destroyed
2. let down disappointed 7. faced the issue confronted
3. supported encouraged 8. committed promise
4. put down undermined 9. said
fine
things were
reassured
5. had confidence in trusted 10. unexpected move surprised Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “Rats”, are these sentences true ()
or false ()?
1. The Pied Piper is a legendary tale.  6. The townspeople chased them. 
2. The town of Hamelin is in Germany.  7. They made nests in the men’s hats. 
3. The town was overrun with mice.  8. The piper had very dark eyes. 
4. The piper played a musical pipe.  9. He promised the people a solution. 
5. The cooks fed them bowls of soup.  10. This is a true story. 
Score
by many. It is often ____________
Kailashgiri is in Himalayas and is visited ______ called the hill of
lovely place to go with a picnic. The hill was formed millions of
the two lakes and is a ___________
years ago. ____________
____________ It site
is a historical place. The ____________ of an old monastery
and round tower can be seen there. An early monk, named Saint Vasista, ____________ set up a
still
monastery there hundreds of years ago. The ruins are ____________ visible today. If you are
____________ see
interested in wildlife there is plenty to ____________ too. Score
Delhi different lorries
In the past, delhi was very diffrent to today. There were no lorrys on the roads and few cars.
families
Most familys had lots of children and very little money, so the pram and the bicycle were
Pram
important for getting around. pram is the short word for perambulator – meaning “for
The four
walking”. the old-fashioned pram had for big wheels and could not be folded – but several
children
childrens could be put into it. Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score
Plurals
Plural means more than one of something. Singular means one of something.
To form most plurals, we just add s.
If a noun ends in f or fe, delete those letters and add ves to make the plural.
Example: loaf loaves
Some nouns ending in f and fe break the rule and only add s to make the plural.
Example: reef reefs safe safes
Some nouns change in the plural. Example: I have an ox.  The oxen are in the field.
A Write the plural of each singular word. Use each plural in a sentence.
Singular Plural Singular Plural
1. child children 6. woman women
2. mouse mice 7. tooth teeth
3. louse lice 8. man men
4. die (used in board games) dice 9. foot feet
5. goose geese 10. person people
B Correct these sentences, replacing the underlined singular with its plural.
1. The chef use sharp knife in their kitchen. chefs - knives - kitchens
2. There were puff of smoke rising from the chimney. puffs - chimneys
3. There are two half in a world football match, each lasting 35 minute. halves - minutes
4. There are story in the Bible about the loaf and the fish. stories - loaves - fish
5. The slate were knocked off the roof during the storm. slates - roofs - storms
6. Many person lost their life during World War II. people - lives
7. The army of ant paraded up and down the stone wall. armies - ants - walls
8. Witch on broomstick are best avoided. Witches - broomsticks
9. I wash the dish when I am finished my meal. dishes - meals
10. The donkey were abandoned but the lady saved them. donkeys - ladies
If a noun ends in o, we add s or es to make the plural.
Examples: zoo/zoos buffalo/buffaloes
C Are the plurals correct () or incorrect ()? Use your dictionary to help you.
1. Many volcanos are extinct, which means they are inactive.
2.

We use dominos to play games in math class.
3.

He earns his living by repairing radios for people.
4. 
The school of music has six different pianos.
5.  are a fruit rather than a vegetable.
Tomatoes
6. The wedding photos were scattered all over the place.
7. How many kiloes does the sack of potatos weigh?
8.
  
Those musicians play lots of solos on their cellos.
9.

We think that fire-fighters are true heros.
10.

Ratioes have changed a lot over the years.
88
The sparkle of Arkle
Arkle was a very special Irish racehorse born in 1957. He was trained
by Tom Dreaper. Pat Taaffe was his jockey and friend. Arkle raced for
only five years. He competed in 35 races and won 27 of them. He came
second twice and he came third three times. Arkle won no prize money
in just two out of his 35 races!
Arkle specialised in steeplechasing (racing with jumps). He won some
of the biggest races in Ireland and England. He won the Cheltenham
Gold Cup three times; the Hennessy Gold Cup twice; the King George
Cup and the Irish Grand National. Arkle won about Rs.125,000 in total – an incredible amount
of money 60 years ago. People at that time earned less than Rs.500 a year and it cost less than
Rs. 5,000 to buy a house. Arkle made enough money to buy at least 25 houses!
Arkle was brilliant, but he was also a gentle, lovable horse. He was so famous that his
nickname was “Himself”. Every day Arkle received letters and cards from his fans. Some of
these were posted with the address “Himself, Ireland” but they always reached Arkle. In 1966,
there was an election to select a new President of Ireland, and some people wanted Arkle to be
president! That year an English newspaper conducted a survey on England’s favourite person
and Arkle won the competition!
In December 1966, Arkle raced in the King George Chase. His leg struck the rail on a fence
and he fractured a bone in his foot. Despite this, he completed the race and finished second.
Though he made a good recovery, Arkle never ran again. He died in May 1970.
FOUR MORE FANTASTIC FACTS ABOUT ARKLE

 Arkle was an Irish horse but was owned by the Duchess of Westminster.
 Arkle won 27 big races. Pat Taaffe was the jockey for 24 of those wins.
 Arkle had a very unusual habit of crossing his front legs when jumping a fence.
 Arkle’s skeleton is on display in the Irish National Stud in Kildare.

1. Why was Arkle so special? _______________________________________________________
2. Name two people who knew Arkle well. (i) ___________________ (ii) ___________________
3. Name three races that Arkle won. (i) _____________ (ii) _____________ (iii) _____________
4. Select the three words that best describe Arkle.
unfortunate  aggressive  diligent  skilled  popular  costly  capable 

1. Name another type of animal that competes in races. ______________________________
2. Which do you think is harder: to be a racehorse or to be a workhorse? _________________
Why? ________________________________________________________________________
3. Arkle died young. Do you think he was raced too much? _____________________________
4. How do you think Pat Taaffe reacted when he heard Arkle had died? __________________
C Imagine… You are Arkle and have won a lot of money. You are shopping for
Christmas. What do you buy: P.A.
1. for your stable? 2. for Pat Taaffe? 3. as treats to eat?
89
Peter had a black puppy dog, which he gave to Binny in exchange for a computer game.
Binny had bought the game for Rs. 5.45 from his cousin, Monika. She had bought the
computer game for Rs. 2 less from her friend Maya’s father, Mahesh.
1. What has Peter now got? computer game

2. What did she have first? black puppy dog
3. How much did Binny pay for the computer game? Rs 5.45
4. How much did Binny’s cousin pay for the computer game? Rs 3.45
5. What is the name of Maya Mahesh’s dad? Mahesh
6. Name two people that you know are friends. Maya/Peter
Did you compete your We compete in the race every
1. compete
homework? year. 
2. fairly I am fairly good at basketball.  My friend saw a fairly in a field.
The farmer combined the large We combined our money to buy
3. combined
field. the computer. 
I wasn’t paying attention to the I stayed for attention after
4. attention
speech.  school on Friday.
She obliged me by swapping He was obliged under water for
5. obliged
seats.  ten minutes.
C Word Structure. Add a second syllable to make a word.V.A.
1. jock/ey 5. him/ self 9. ga/ lop

2. com/ pete 6. nick/ name 10. win/ ner
3. gen/ tle 7. big/ gest 11. dis/ play
4. frac/ ture 8. lin/ ger 12. cost/ ly
D Think, plan, write… Write a summary of “The sparkle of Arkle”. Map out the main
points first. P.A.
E Teaser Time. The vowels “i” and “e” are missing from this passage. Can you still
answer the questions?
Rkha and hr mum ar movng hous. Thy wll b lvng n a dffrnt town and Rkha wll b gong to
a nw school n Sptmbr. Sh s vry xctd. Sh wll mss hr old frnds but s lookng forward to mtng
nw popl. Thy ar vry busy packng at th momnt.
1. What are Rkha and her mum doing? Moving house
______________________________________
2. When will Rkha start in her new school? September
______________________________________
3. What is Rkha looking forward to? Meeting new people
______________________________________
4. What are they busy doing at the moment? Packing
______________________________________

dependable approachable enable commendable fashionable
enjoyable changeable credible impeccable capable
1. trendy, modern fashionable 6. perfect impeccable
2. able, competent capable 7. pleasant, fun enjoyable
3. allow, make possible enable 8. not the same changeable
4. believable credible 9. praiseworthy commendable
5. reliable dependable 10. easy to talk to approachable Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “The sparkle of Arkle”, ring the correct
ending for each sentence.
1. Arkle was a special show jumper donkey racehorse
2. Arkle was born in 1957 1987 2000
3. Pat Taaffe was a horse trainer horse jockey
4. Arkle’s nickname was Himself Speedy The Champ
5. Arkle won prize money of Rs. 1 million Rs.10,000 Rs.125,000
6. Arkle had many fans who wrote to him sang to him rode on him
7. Arkle died in 1970 in 2007 in 1966
8. Arkle was owned by Pat Taaffe a duchess Tom Dreaper
9. Arkle won a total of 72 races 7 races 27 races
10. Arkle’s skeleton was buried is on display was never found
Score
C Grammar. Write the singular of these nouns.
1. armies army 6. oxen ox
2. patios patio 7. feet foot
3. tomatoes tomato 8. chiefs chief
4. mice mouse 9. school children schoolchild
5. halves half 10. fish fish Score
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Adverbs
An adverb adds meaning to (or “modifies”) a verb, adjective or other adverb.
Adverbs are mainly used with verbs. Many adverbs end in ly or ily.
An adverb is to a verb what an adjective is to a noun.
Example: I silently tiptoed down the stairs.
Silently is the adverb that tells how (the manner in which) I tiptoed.
A Change the adjectives into adverbs and use them to complete the sentences.
wise casual extreme easy good truthful
slow strong correct cosy merry complete
1. correctly and ____________.
He answered the question ____________ well
The word good
2. cosily in its basket.
The kitten snuggled up ____________ is an adjective.
3. completely forgotten how ____________
I had ____________ slowly he drives. The adverb
4. extremely cold so we ____________
It was ____________ wisely brought our coats. associated with this
word is well.
5. casually strolled along the street.
The man ____________
6. Truthfully I did not bake the cake myself but bought it.
____________
7. easily the best book I’ve read and I ____________
It was ____________ strongly recommend it.
8. merrily as he did his work.
The man whistled ____________
Adverbs can also indicate the time and place an action happened.
They answer the questions:
• When (time)? now, then, soon, later, tomorrow, never.
• Where (place)? here, there, firstly, everywhere, under.
B Underline the adverb in each sentence. Name the verb that goes with it.
1. I will see you later. will see
_________________
2. The children behaved well at the film. behaved
_________________
3. Somebody knocked loudly on the door. knocked
_________________
4. He promised to visit again soon. visit
_________________
5. We are finishing the play tomorrow. finishing
_________________
6. There is the stolen car. stolen
_________________
7. We stood behind the pole. stood
_________________
8. She answered the question quickly. answered
_________________
C Put the adverbs into the correct group. Use each one in a sentence.
today angrily gently wherever here near
heavily early quietly immediately outside then
Manner Time Place
angrily today wherever
gently early here
heavily then near
quietly immediately outside
The world’s biggest ever snake!
Titanoboa is an extinct snake. It is the largest snake to ever
exist on this planet. The name Titanoboa comes from two
words: “titanic” (giant) and “boa” (snake). Titanoboas lived
about 60 million years ago. We know that they existed because
there are fossils – very old bones – that prove it. So far fossils
of Titanoboa have been discovered only in Colombia, in South
America. From fossils, scientists have learned that Titanoboas
were as long as a bus (about 15 metres), as heavy as a bus, and as wide as the doors on a bus. The
largest living snake today is about 9 metres long – Titanoboa could eat that snake for breakfast!
Vertebrae are linked bones that make up the backbone or spine. Humans have 33 vertebrae.
Snakes have up to 600 – more than other creature. Their vertebrae allow the snake to curl into
almost any shape.
There are many different kinds of snakes, including rattlesnakes, pythons, cobras, boa
constrictors and anacondas. Some snakes are poisonous. Others have no poison but are just
as deadly because they are constrictors. Constrictors squeeze or choke their prey to death.
Titanoboa probably hid in water to wait for dinner. Titanoboa could eat cows or crocodiles
whole, and still be hungry.
MORE SNAKE TITBITS!

 Snakes smell with their tongues.
 They are deaf but sense noise vibrations.
 They have very poor eyesight.
 Snakes do not chew but swallow things whole.
 They can eat food four times the size of their heads.

1. What is Titanoboa? _____________________________________________________________
2. What is a fossil? ____________ Where have Titanoboa fossils been found? ______________
3. Name four different kinds of snake. (i) ________ (ii) ________ (iii) ________ (iv) ________
4. Which two words best describe Titanoboa?
enormous  pitiful  terrifying  likeable  ridiculous  delightful 
5. Write two unusual facts about snakes. (i) ____________________ (ii)
___________________
1. Which do you think is more dangerous: a poisonous snake or a constrictor? ____________
Why? ________________________________________________________________________
2. How do you think Titanoboa became extinct? ______________________________________
C Imagine… You discovered another gigantic creature from long ago. P.A.
1. What animal does it most resemble? ______________________________________________
2. Give it a suitable name. ________________________________________________________
3. Draw an image of what it looked like.
1. This place is like a tip. This place is messy.

2. They are like day and night. They are very different.
3. The mattress was like rocks. The mattress was hard/lumpy.
4. I feel like I’m speaking to the wall. I feel ignored.
5. He flew off the handle. He lost his temper.
1. I think I felt a __ of rain. If you __ a plate it will smash. drop
2. He has a savings account in the __. They had a picnic on the river __. bank
3. We always get up __ in the morning. They got there __ for the train. early
4. The __ flew south for the winter. I could not __ the large tablet. swallow
5. If metal becomes cold, it will __. They were legally bound by a __. contract
I would __ your opinion on the mat-
6.
ter.
Two for the price of one is good __. value
1. e __
ch__ a __t e __
__ a __en
t e __
b__ a __t e __
rep__ a __t e __
gr__ a __
t e __
sw__ a __
t
2. am
fl__ e
__ __ a __
c__ m__e am
l__ e
__ __ am
__ e
__ __rica am
t__ e
__ __d am
c__ e
__ __ra
t __i __o __al
3. na__ n atten__
t __i __o __n sta__
t __i __o __ t __i __o __
n invita__ n ra__ t __i __o __
t __i __o __n competi__ n
D Think, plan, write… Write a short poem on the theme of “Snakes”. P.A.
• Step 1: Think of a title, for example, “Adder on a Ladder”, “Hisssss!”, “The Long Grass”.
Key words
Rhyming word 1
Rhyming word 2
E Teaser Time
(Hint: garden)
(i) rk park (iv) ho hose (vii) genhouse greenhouse
(ii) lowe flower (v) ras grass (viii) trow trowel
(iii) ees trees (vi) pln plant (ix) omost compost
gloves
(i) No flesh, no bones, yet fingers and thumbs of my own. (eglosv) ________________
(ii) I’m always flying, you are always wanting more of me. (emit) time
________________
(iii) You find me over your head but under your hat. (aihr) hair
________________


Words ending with “er” Words ending with “ever”
1. you use it to wash water 6. illness with high temperature fever
2. a girl child of parents daughter 7. intelligent clever
3. more quickly faster 8. not at any time never
4. brilliant at something clever 9. always forever
5. covers a sore or cut plaster 10. one who has faith/religion believer
Score
B Comprehension. Complete each sentence with two facts from “The world’s
biggest ever snake”.
allows them to curl up has lots of vertebrae is extinct poisonous constrictors
food bigger than their head was as big as a bus see very well without chewing hear
1. Titanoboa (i) is extinct (ii) was as big as a bus
2. A snake’s spine (i) allows them to curl up (ii) has lots of vertebrae
3. Some snakes are (i) poisonous (ii) constrictors
4. Snakes cannot (i) see very well (ii) hear
5. Snakes eat (i) food bigger than their head (ii) without chewing
Score
C Grammar. Underline the adverb and write the verb to which it relates.
1. Ali searched everywhere for it. searched
__________________
2. The girl sang beautifully. sang
__________________
3. Our car broke down yesterday. broke down
__________________
4. Why are you looking over there? looking
__________________
5. She never listens to the instructions. listens
__________________ Score
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Rewind 4
Let’s look back at clauses and sentences, exclamation marks, adverbs and plurals.
1. What do adverbs of time and place tell us?
2. What is an interjection?
3. What do singular and plural mean?
4. What are the subject and predicate of a clause or sentence?
A In each sentence, underline the subject in red and the predicate in blue.
1. The moon appears during the night. 6. The tractor is in the field over there.
2. The girl skipped happily with her rope. 7. She had not heard the story before.
3. The hunter set the trap behind the wall. 8. The children went to bed early.
4. The monkey climbed up the tree. 9. The letter was beautifully written.
5. I visited my friend yesterday. 10. Paul lives near to the park.
B Write the adverb from each of the sentences in exercise A into the correct column.
Use each one in a sentence.
Manner Time Place

happily night behind
beautifully yesterday up
before there
early near
C Rewrite the sentences, changing all of the nouns from the plural to the singular.
1. We always sit on the wooden benches in the parks. bench - park You may need to
2. Ask the men to stop shouting at the children. man - child change more than
3. The roofs of the houses leaked after the heavy rain. roof - house the noun in some
4. The people had potatoes with their meals. person - potato - meal sentences.
5. The farmers left the oxen in the fields. farmer - ox - field
6. There are no buffaloes in zoos. is - buffalo - zoo
7. The women turn their radios up to listen to the news. woman - her - radio
8. The caterpillars were crawling all over the logs. caterpillar - was - log
9. The girls left the dentists after getting fillings in their teeth. girl - dentist - filling - her - teeth
10. The babies were upset because they were hungry. baby - was - it - was
D Write six sentences using exclamation marks.

1. _____________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________________
6. _____________________________________________________________________________

The Plaint of the Camel
Canary-Birds feed on sugar and seed,
Parrots have crackers to crunch;
And, as for the poodles, they tell me the
noodles
Have chickens and cream for their lunch.
But there’s never a question
About MY digestion –
Anything does for me!
Cats, you’re aware, can repose in a chair, People would laugh if you rode a giraffe,
Chickens can roost upon rails; Or mounted the back of an ox;
Puppies are able to sleep in a stable, It’s nobody’s habit to ride on a rabbit,
And oysters can slumber in pails. Or try to bestraddle a fox.
But no one supposes But as for a Camel, he’s
A poor Camel dozes – Ridden by families –
Any place does for me! Any load does for me!
Lambs are enclosed where it’s never exposed, A snake is as round as a hole in the ground,
Coops are constructed for hens; And weasels are wavy and sleek;
Kittens are treated to houses well heated, And no alligator could ever be straighter
And pigs are protected by pens. Than lizards that live in a creek,
But a Camel comes handy But a Camel’s all lumpy
Wherever it’s sandy – And bumpy and humpy –
Anywhere does for me! Any shape does for me!

1. Do you think the camel has reason to be upset? Yes  No  Why? __________________
2. List three of the complaints that the camel has.
(i) _______________________ (ii) _______________________ (iii) _______________________
3. Select the three words that best describe how the camel is feeling.
disgruntled  proud  jealous  used  bullied  cheated  depressed 
4. In your opinion, which animal in the poem has the most (i) boring life? _____________
(ii) useful life? ___________ (iii) exciting life? ___________ (iv) pampered life? ___________
5. Write the two lines that you like most.
(i) ___________________________________________________________________________
(ii) ___________________________________________________________________________
Why do you like these lines? _____________________________________________________
_
B Suppose a camel was living on a farm in India. Write his/her introduction to the other
animals. P.A.
Hello. My name is ___________. I can be very helpful because ____________. I enjoy
___________. Every day I will ______________________. I will need ____________________
___________. As a treat I would like ____________________ . An embarrassing secret about
me is that ____________________________________________________________________ .
C Imagine… Select the verse you like best and draw a picture of it. P.A.
1. blue in the face arguing (i) whatever happens
2. air your view (ii) early in the morning
3. in the small hours (iii) say what you think
4. hide a light under a bushel (iv) sick of fighting
5. come rain or shine (v) hide a talent
B Vocabulary. Rewrite the lines from the “The Plaint of the Camel” in another way. P.A.
1. Cats, you’re aware, can repose in a chair
2. Coops are constructed for hens
3. It’s nobody’s habit to ride on a rabbit
4. Lambs are enclosed where it’s never exposed

1. that dat dhat 5. before befor bevour
2. realy reely really 6. temperature tempreture temparature
3. black blake blak 7. suppose supose supposse
4. cud could chould 8. remmembered remembered remebered
“The camel that lived on a farm”. Try to use lots of adjectives. P.A.
oversized grumpy neglected jealous escaped helpful
unpleasant amusing stubborn advantage disgraceful laughed
1. What farm? Where? 2. How did the camel get there?
Paragraph 1
3. Describe the farm. 4. The other animals’ reactions…
1. What was the camel’s role on the farm? 2. Reactions of others…
Paragraph 2
3. An unexpected incident… 4. Planning for a bit of fun…
1. Bullying on the farm… 2. What animals are involved?
Paragraph 3
3. Who bullies? Who is the victim? 4. How is the problem resolved?
E Teaser Time.
1. The code represents the word
DECREASING. Using this code, find these D E C R E A S I N G
hidden words: 5 4 3 2 4 1 6 7 8 9
5418 19178 34164 6789 615 4164 21764 9178

DEAN AGAIN CEASE SING SAD EASE RAISE GAIN
you make using the word FASCINATION? P.A.
(i) FACT (iv) (vii) (x) (xiii)

grudgingly generously warily conscientiously lethargically
humorously awkwardly abruptly gracefully purposefully
1. suddenly abruptly 6. cautiously warily
2. with great care conscientiously 7. elegantly gracefully
with
determination purposefully generously
3. 8. giving unselfishly
4. in good fun humorously 9. clumsily awkwardly

5. unwillingly grudgingly 10. with little energy lethargically Score
“The Plaint of the Camel”.
1. plaint complaint simple 6. pail white bucket
2. my digestion what I eat my idea 7. mounted get up on a lot
3. roost cook rest 8. bestraddle stand on sit on
4. slumber sleep cosy 9. sleek smooth new
5. exposed showed open or cold 10. creek stream in trouble
Score
C Grammar. Match the word to its description.
subject verb object predicate interjection
1. used with an exclamation mark to express strong feeling interjection
_____________
2. the noun representing what we are speaking about subject
_____________
3. to whom or what the action is being done object
_____________ Give yourself 2 marks
4. the stating part, what is said about a subject predicate
_____________ for each correct answer.
5. the word that tells what action is being done verb

_____________ Score
desert humps Arabian
Camels are like horses designed for the dessert. They have one or two hump. arabian camels
have only one hump. They have bushy eyebrows, thick eyelashes and triple eyelids to protect
their
there eyes from sand. They can close their nostrils to stop sand blowing into them. Even their
hooves are through bodies
Hooves our designed for long journeys thru the hot desert. It is because their bodys are so suited
to travelling long distances in the desert that camels are called “desert ships”. Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Compound words
Sometimes we use a hyphen (-) to join two words.
This is called a compound word or hyphenated word.
We use a hyphen:
• where it is needed to make the meaning clear: well-respected teacher, great-grandparent
• writing numbers with two or more words: twenty-two
• with a prefix that ends in “a” or “i” if the root word begins with the same letter:
anti-aircraft
• with words prefixed by “self” (apart from selfish and selfless): self-control
• with words prefixed by “ex” when it means previous: ex-soldier
• with a prefix in front of a proper noun: un-American
A Rewrite these sentences correctly using a hyphen.

If you are not sure
1. I brought a self-addressed envelope to school for my report. if a word should be
hyphenated, it is
2. When I broke my arm I went to the hospital for an X-ray. always best to check
3. That shop stocks only well-made furniture. your dictionary.
4. My grandmother is Anglo-Indian, which makes me part England.
5. His great-aunt is his grandfather’s sister and she visits every year.
6. There is still a photograph of the ex-manager in the hotel lobby.
7. He studied until he was twenty-four-years old.
8. The doctor prescribed an anti-inflammatory tablet for my sprained ankle.
9. We got through to the all-India final in the dancing competition.
10. She had long, dark hair and blue-green eyes.
Different parts of hyphenated nouns may be changed to make a plural.

Examples: brother-in-law  brothers-in-law spin-off  spin-offs
B Underline the hyphenated word in each sentence. Write its plural form. Use your
dictionary to help you.
1. My mother-in-law is my husband’s mother. mothers-in-law
_______________________
2. The AP Police got a tip-off about the robbery. tip-offs
_______________________
3. We pulled into the lay-by at the side of the motorway. lay-bys
_______________________
4. The commander-in-chief of the army is an important person. commanders-in-chief
_______________________
5. She won the election and will be president-elect until she
takes office. presidents-elect
_______________________
6. The passer-by stopped to see what had happened. passers-by
_______________________
7. She is a part-timer at work and she only works on Saturday. part-timers
_______________________
8. We are watching the play-off between our favourite teams. play-offs
_______________________
9. The game is suitable for a six-year-old to play. six-year-olds
_______________________
10. He acted as a go-between when the companies were arguing. go-betweens
_______________________

Tsunami
A tsunami is an enormous wave, caused by an earthquake or a volcanic
eruption under the sea. Tsunami is a Japanese word meaning “harbour
wave”. The earthquake or volcano causes a huge surface crack in the
seabed. Sea water is sucked into this crack and then released in a huge
wave. As the tsunami comes closer to the shore, it slows down but
increases in height. Areas in tsunami danger zones often have systems
to warn people to evacuate the coastline.
MORE TSUNAMI FACTS

 A tsunami can involve a series of waves called a “wave train”.
 Tsunami waves do not look like normal waves because they don’t curl or break.
 People often die after the first wave has hit because they return home too soon.
 About 80 per cent of all tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean.
 When a tsunami reaches the coast, it is usually travelling at about 35 kph.
 The best way to escape is on foot, climbing to high places as quickly as possible. It is a bad
idea to escape by car as traffic jams build quickly.
 Animals often sense when a tsunami is coming and begin moving inland.
Year Event Location Deaths

2011 Japanese earthquake and tsunami Japan 15,854
14 countries, including Indonesia,
2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean Sri Lanka, India, Maldives, Malaysia, 280,000
Somalia, Bangladesh, Thailand
1908 Messina earthquake and tsunami Messina, Italy 123,000
1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake Sanriku, Japan 22,000
1883 Krakatoa volcano and tsunami Indonesia 36,000
1868 Arica earthquake and tsunami Arica, Chile 25,000
1792 Mount Unzen volcano and tsunami Kyushu, Japan 15,000
A Answer the questions.P.A.

1. What is a tsunami? _____________________________________________________________
2. Name two things that can cause a tsunami. (i) _________________ (ii) _________________
3. Why is it not a good idea to leave by car when a tsunami is coming? ___________________
4. Where do most tsunamis take place? ______________________________________________
B Check the chart. Use the information in the chart of tsunami and earthquake disasters
to complete the following: P.A.
1. In which tsunami and in which year were most people killed? Tsunami ______ Year _____
2. Which country has had most tsunamis? ___________________________________________
3. What was the common cause of the 1792 and 1883 tsunamis? ________________________
4. Which two tsunamis happened closest in time to each other? __________ and __________
C Imagine… You see a child crying and alone after a tsunami. Create a poster to find his/
her parents. P.A.

A Comprehension. Match the proverb to its correct meaning.
1. Look before you leap. (i) It is always best to tell the truth.
Think things through before taking
2. The early bird catches the worm. (ii)
action.
3. Don’t blow your own trumpet. (iii) Don’t be boastful.
4. Honesty is the best policy. (iv) Don’t always rely on one thing.
Don’t put all your eggs in one
5. (v) Arrive early to get the best choice.
basket.

1. Small is to large as weak is to frail day strong speak
2. Cat is to fur as hedgehog is to prickles squash wolf slug
3. Peacock is to peahen as pig is to lamb oink sow ewe
4. Sun is to day as moon is to night full sky dark
5. Forget is to remember as throw is to catch push ball threw
6. Cork is to Ireland as India is to Europe country county England

1. car/bon 5. sys/ tem 9. safe/ ty
2. dan/ ger 6. in/ wards 10. sur/ face
3. sea/ side 7. com/ fort 11. neck/ lace
4. re/ mind 8. to/ day 12. berr/ y
D Think, plan, write… Write a summary of “Tsunami”. Map out the main points first. P.A.
E Teaser Time V.A.

1. The vowels “i” and “e” are missing from this passage. Can you still answer the questions?
Mural and hs famly lov to vst othr countrs on holdays. Last summr thy spnt svn days n
Mumba. Thy stayd n a small hotl. Mumba s a fantastc cty wth plnty to s and do. Thy vstd
th castl and a famous brdg. Thr wr lots of bautful tmpls. Thy travlld around by tram.
(i) What city did they visit? Mumbai
__________________________________________
(ii) How long did they spend there? 7 days
__________________________________________
(iii) Where did they stay? small hotel
__________________________________________
(iv) Name one thing they visited. temples
__________________________________________
(i) The bell rang after lunch and the children went out to play.
(ii) The butcher got up early to have the freshly baked bread ready for customers.
(iii) The plane arrived late and touched down ten minutes ahead of time.

iceberg earthquake heatwave tsunami avalanche
flood lightning volcano monsoon thunder
1. massive sea wave tsunami 6. electric flash lightning
fast movement
2. split in the earth earthquake 7.
of snow avalanche
3. hot lava erupting volcano 8. very hot weather heatwave
huge chunk of caused by very
4.
frozen water iceberg 9.
heavy rain flood
5. deluge of rain monsoon 10. deep rumble thunder Score
B Comprehension. Complete each sentence with two facts from “Tsunami”.
move to high ground earthquakes a huge wave leave seaside areas volcanic eruptions
killed almost 16,000 occurred in 2004 a harbour wave killed 280,000 occurred in Japan
1. A tsunami is (i) a huge wave (ii) a harbour wave
2. Tsunamis are caused by (i) earthquakes (ii) volcanic eruptions
3. After a tsunami warning (i) leave seaside areas (ii) move to high ground
4. The worst tsunami (i) killed 280,000 (ii) occurred in 2004
5. The 2011 tsunami (i) occurred in Japan (ii) killed almost 16,000
Score
C Grammar. Rewrite the words with hyphens if they require them.
1. spin off spin-off 6. older sister
2. self esteem self-esteem 7. mother in law mother-in-law
3. passer by passer-by 8. ten year old ten-year-old
4. ex husband ex-husband 9. forget me not forget-me-not
5. selfish 10. part time part-time Score
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Prefixes and suffixes
A root word is the simple form of the word. It is like a core that
you can build around. Root words can be nouns, verbs or adjectives.
A piece added to the beginning of a root word is called a prefix.
A piece added to the end of a root word is called a suffix.
Prefixes and suffixes change the meaning of a word.
A Choose a suitable suffix for the root word in each sentence.

1. hood
Our neighbour__________ is a quiet and friendly place.
2. ment
We did a science experi__________ in school today.
3. some
The hand__________ prince charged forward on his horse.
4. less
The man was help__________ because his hands and feet had been tied together.
5. ful
The women enjoyed a delight__________ walk on a summer’s evening.
6. ness
He showed his kind__________ by sharing what he had.
7. ful
The chef added a cup__________ of flour to the cake mixture.
8. less
People living on the streets are home__________.
9. able
The stain on the carpet was very notice__________.
10. ful
Everybody at the funeral was tear__________.
B Each of the following can be used as a suffix or a prefix. Use each one with a
pair below.
sign port urb arch struct spect
report suburb inspect

1. 3. 5.
porter urban spectacles
monarch construct resign
2. 4. 6.
archbishop structure signal
Suffixes and prefixes often come from other languages and have a meaning.
Example: The prefix “auto” comes from Greek and means ”self” (autobiography, autograph).
C Use the words to help match the prefixes and suffixes to a meaning from the list.
heat water life air sound wrong
Prefix/Suffix Words Meaning
1. aer(o) aeroplane, aerobics, aerial air
2. mis mistake, misbehave, misprint wrong
3. bio biology, biography, bionic life
4. therm thermometer, thermal, thermostat heat
5. phon phonics, telephone, homophone sound
6. hydr(o) hydrate, hydroelectric, hydrant water

Hero on the Hudson
This is Captain Chesley Vullenberger, an airline pilot. He is known
as Captain Vully. On 15 January, 2009, Captain Vully began his day’s
work as usual. He was flying US Airways Flight 1549 from New York to
Charlotte in North Carolina. There were 155 passengers and crew on
board – all of them expecting an ordinary flight as part of an ordinary
day. But they were about to experience the most extraordinary event of
their lives. They were about to discover that Captain Vully was a truly
remarkable man – a real hero!
Just after take-off, a large flock of birds hit the plane and
got sucked into the engines. Both engines immediately
failed. Captain Vully radioed a distress call and asked for
permission for an emergency landing at a nearby airport.
Unfortunately there was no time to reach the airport.
Quick-thinking Captain Vully knew there was only one place
that was wide and long enough to land his plane – New
York’s biggest river, the Hudson. Just five minutes after take-off, he radioed a message saying,
“We’re going to be in the Hudson”. He then smoothly glided his plane onto the river.
The plane landed perfectly and the passengers walked out on the wings and waited to
be collected. This was an incredibly difficult landing. Captain Vully was celebrated as a
hero. He retired soon afterwards and the famous aeroplane was also retired to a museum
in North Carolina.

1. When did this air accident occur? _________________________________________________
2. Why did the engines fail? _______________________________________________________
3. What permission did the pilot want? ______________________________________________
4. Where is the Hudson River? _____________________________________________________
5. Where is the aeroplane now? ____________________________________________________
B Your opinion… Do you agree () or disagree () with the following? P.A.
Captain Vullenberger… Birds… Planes…

was a very skilled pilot  caused this air disaster  are usually very safe 
gets nervous under are as important as are designed to land on
pressure  planes  water 
has many grateful fans  are always a nuisance  are safer than cars 
should receive a medal  build nests in planes  can be damaged by birds 
should not have retired  should be shot at airports  need good pilots 
C Imagine… You are writing a report about this story. Think of words to describe: P.A.
1. the passengers during the flight __________________________________________________
2. the passengers after the rescue ___________________________________________________
3. the birds ______________________________________________________________________
4. Captain Vully _________________________________________________________________

1. She was like a wasp all day. She was in bad form.
2. I left it in her hands. I left it up to her.
3. She runs like a deer. She runs quickly and swiftly.
4. He eats like a bird. He doesn’t eat much.
5. It was like watching paint dry. It was really boring.
1. It’s not __ that I never get to go first. My sister has blue eyes and __ hair. fair
2. Hit the ball with a __. The __ is a flying mammal. bat
3. We went to Agra on our school __. Don’t __ over the loose wires. trip
4. We __ every Saturday morning. We got the early __ to Chennai. train
My mum often __ treats in the The cow __ were dried out in the
5.
press. sun. hides
1. a __c __
l__ e a __
sp__ c __
e a __
pal__ c __
e a __
br__ c __s
e a __
pe__ c e__ a __
f__ c __
e
2. i __
cr__ e d__ i __
t__ e __
d i __
satisf__ ed __ l__i __
e __
d hurr__i __
e __
d qualif__i __
e __
d
e __i g__ __
3. w__ h e __
__ i g__ h__t e __i g__ __t
fr__ h e __
h__ i g__ h__t e __
n__ i g__ h__bour e __
sl__ i g__ h__
D Think, plan, write… Write a short poem on the theme of “Incredible events”. P.A.
• Step 1: Think of a title, for example, “Amazing Amy”, “Explosion”, “Superhero”.
Key words
Rhyming word 1
Rhyming word 2
E Teaser Time
1. Add one letter to make a word. The letter can be placed anywhere in the word. P.A.
(i) sot sort (iv) lbow elbow (vii) ech each
(ii) lre lure (v) hree three (viii) ange angel
(iii) bein being (vi) ruby rugby (ix) spek speak
(i) I am a coat that can only be put on wet. (ipnat) paint
____________
(ii) I flare up quickly, I’m made of wood but moments later I’m no good.
(tchma) match
____________
(iii) I have an eye but I cannot see. (ndleee) needle
____________


Words beginning with “in” Words ending with “ew”
1. small creature, six legs insect 6. not many few
2. put air in a balloon inflate 7. relative, like niece nephew
3. one person individual 8. team on a boat crew
4. cannot be seen invisible 9. opens wine bottles corkscrew
5. not believable at all incredible 10. type of nut cashew
Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “Hero on the Hudson”, are these
The captain wanted to land at an
1. They were flying to Los Angeles.  6.
airport. 
2. There were 500 people on board.  7. He decided to land on the River Liffey. 
3. Captain Vully is a true hero.  8. The plane crash landed into the water. 
A flock of birds nested in the
4.
engine.  9. Captain Vully retired soon afterwards. 
5. The aeroplane’s engines failed.  10. The plane is still used to fly passengers. 
Score
C Grammar. Choose a prefix or suffix to complete each word. Use each only once.
ment er less therm mis fore spect aer struct re
1. therm al 6. treat ment
2. aer obics 7. in struct
3. re place 8. re spect
4. mis print 9. port er
5. fore head 10. home less Score
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

A serious poem
Poems can have a serious message but be written in a fun way.
A Read these two poems about nature. Then answer the questions. P.A.
Little by Little
“Little by little,” an acorn said,
as it slowly sank in its mossy bed,
“I am improving every day,
hidden deep in the earth away.”
Little by little, each day it grew,
little by little, it sipped the dew;
Downward it sent a thread-like root,
Poet-tree
up in the air sprang a tiny shoot.
I remember a tree,
Day after day, and year after year,
Upon a hill.
little by little, the leaves appear;
If it stood there then,
And the slender branches spread far and wide,
Does it stand there still?
till the mighty oak is the forest’s pride.
If it doesn’t stand still,
And moves about, “Little by little,” said a thoughtful boy,
Then open the gates, “Each precious moment I’ll well employ,
And let it out. And always this rule in my mind shall dwell:
Whatever I do, I’ll do it well.”
1. Name one similarity and one difference between the poems. _________________________
2. Which poem do you prefer and why? _____________________________________________
3. Do you think either poem has a message? Yes  No  What is it? ___________________
B Read this short poem about the environment and answer the questions. P.A.
Town and Country Air
It’s both town and country air, that we ultimately share.
So polluting one, expect to get a butterfly effect.
If the key to all our health is to share in nature’s wealth,
Then we’d best invest in a plan to save our wildlife while we can.
1. Is this poem humorous or serious? _______________________________________________

2. What is the message in the poem? ________________________________________________
3. Write a serious poem about the environment. Use the planning box to help you.
What message would you like people to get from your poem?
Word bank

The Blind Men and the Elephant
It was six men of Indostan* *Indostan = The Fourth reached out his eager hand,
To learning much inclined, land of And felt about the knee.
Who went to see the Elephant Indians “What most this wondrous beast is like
(Though all of them were blind), Is mighty plain,” quoth he.
That each by observation “’Tis clear enough the Elephant
Might satisfy his mind. Is very like a tree!”
The First approached the Elephant, The Fifth, who chanced to touch the ear,
And happening to fall Said: “E’en the blindest man
Against his broad and sturdy side,, Can tell what this resembles most;
At once began to bawl: Deny the fact who can,
“God bless me, but the Elephant This marvel of an Elephant
Is very like a wall!” Is very like a fan!”
The Second, feeling of the tusk, The Sixth no sooner had begun
Cried, ”Ho! What have we here About the beast to grope,
So very round and smooth and sharp? Then, seizing on the swinging tail
To me ’tis mighty clear That fell within his scope,
This wonder of an Elephant “I see,” said he, “the Elephant
Is very like a spear!” Is very like a rope!”
The Third approached the animal, And so these men of Indostan
And happening to take Disputed loud and long,
The squirming trunk within his hands, Each in his own opinion
Thus boldly up and spake: Exceeding stiff and strong,
“I see,” said he, “the Elephant Though each was partly in the right,
Is very like a snake!” And all were in the wrong!

1. What difficulty did all six men from India have? ____________________________________
2. What is it that they were trying to understand? _____________________________________
3. Which man thought the elephant was like a: (i) spear? __________________
(ii) wall? _________________ (iii) rope? _________________ (iv) tree? __________________
4. Why was there disagreement among the men? ______________________________________
5. Which man do you think gave the best description? _________ Why? __________________
6. If you had to describe the elephant to these men, what four features would you mention?
(i) ________________ (ii) ________________ (iii) ________________ (iv) ________________
_

1. amazing wonderous 5. came up to approached 9. feel about grope
2. not rough smooth 6. looks like resembles 10. grabbing seizing
3. cry loudly bawl 7. point of view opinion 11. somewhat partly
4. keen eager 8. argued disputed 12. wonder marvel
C Imagine… P.A.
1. The blind men were describing a giraffe. How might they describe the following:
(i) the neck? ________ (ii) the tail? ________ (iii) the legs? ________ (iv) the ears? ________
2. Draw (i) the elephant, and (ii) the giraffe, as the blind men might imagine them to be.

1. give the green light (i) do/say something on a whim
2. on the spur of the moment (ii) leave for a while, defer, put on hold
3. put on ice (iii) out of danger
4. walking on air (iv) give the go-ahead
5. out of the woods (v) very happy
B Vocabulary. Rewrite the lines from the poem “The Blind Men and the Elephant” in
another way. P.A.
1. To learning much inclined
2. At once began to bawl
3. What most this wondrous beast is like
4. Who chanced to touch the ear
5. Disputed loud and long

1. gril gurl girl 6. castel castle cassil
2. they tehy thay 7. electricity electrisity eletricity
3. sircle circle circel 8. elefint elefant elephant
4. allready already alredy 9. opinion opinyun opinon
5. plese pleace please 10. arguement arguemint argument
“The night the lights went out”. Try to use lots of adjectives. P.A.
unexpected comical ridiculous awkward strange scream
confused apologised quiet immediately terrified recovered
1. Where were you? 2. Who was with you?
Paragraph 1
3. What were you doing? 4. How did you feel?
1. A walk in the dark…. 2. Eek… what was that…?
Paragraph 2
3. Description of that thing! 4. Feelings – scared, confused?
1. Causing trouble in the dark… 2. What happened next?
Paragraph 3
3. The lights come back… 4. Sorting things out…
E Teaser Time
It goes up and it goes down at the same time: up towards the sky and down towards the
ground. It is present tense and past tense at the same time. Come for a ride, just me and
see-saw
you. What is it? ________________________________________________________________
T W Humpty Dumpty
(Hint: you probably sang this as a young child!) H D S O ____

sturdy silly squeamish shameful scuffle sniffling spiteful surreal sly shivering
mean,
1.
vindictive spiteful 6. very strange surreal
2. fight scuffle 7. ridiculous silly
3. strong sturdy 8. disgraceful shameful
4. fearful of things squeamish 9. cunning sly
5. sign of a cold sniffling 10. trembling shivering Score
B Comprehension. Write sentences that include each of the two words in brackets. P.A.
1. (inclined/learning) ______________________________________________________
2. (satisfy/eager) ______________________________________________________
3. (disputed/sturdy) ______________________________________________________
4. (resembles/observation) ______________________________________________________
5. (opinion/happening) ______________________________________________________
Give yourself 2 marks for each correct sentence. Score
helps her parents to run their B&B _________
Thamanna _________ during the school holidays. The summer
time
is the busiest _________ her
of the year because lots of tourists visit _________ town. The day
breakfast at 7:30 a.m. Thamanna sets the tables and makes sure that
begins early with _______________
has what they need. Afterwards she clears the _________.
everybody _________ dishes When breakfast is
she tidies the kitchen while her dad _________
finished, _________ makes the beds. Thamanna doesn’t
mind helping and earns some money doing it.
_________
Score
travelling through Vijayawada light
A hungry tramp was traveling threw vijayawada. He saw a lite in the distance and followed
for
it until he reached an inn, where people were eating. The tramp went to the door to ask four
asked
food. The cook was unfriendly. “Please, may I sit by the fire a while?” askd the tramp. The cook
reluctantly I
reluctant agreed. After a while the tramp spoke: “I am a good cook myself. i can make the best
kind of soup and it is cheap.” Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Pronouns
A pronoun takes the place of a noun in a sentence. There are different types of pronouns.
• A personal pronoun (I, you, he, she, it, they, we) replaces a person’s name in a sentence.
Example: She is a good singer.
• A possessive pronoun (mine, yours, his, hers, theirs, ours) replaces a person’s name
but also shows ownership. They appear after a noun.
Examples: That lunchbox is mine. The car is hers.
A Underline the pronoun(s) in each sentence.

1. The toys are ours. 5. The ball isn’t his.
2. I would like curls like hers. 6. Did he come home yet?
3. She made a cup of tea. 7. I prefer mine to theirs.
4. We are going to the park. 8. Its cries were heard everywhere.
Possessive adjectives (my, your, his, her, their, our) also replace a person’s name and
show ownership. They appear before the noun.
Examples: That is my lunchbox. That is her car.
B Underline the pronoun(s) or possessive adjective(s) in each sentence.

1. I can see your house. 4. He is my brother.
2. My favourite colour is pink. 5. The water gun is hers.
3. Look at their boots. 6. You are a great help.
C Rewrite this paragraph using pronouns or possessive adjectives. V.A.

He it
When Syam was tidying the room he found his sister’s pen. Syam picked up the pen and
it her
brought the pen to his sister’s bedroom. The pen
her
It was no use to Syam’s sister because the
it It him he
pen had run out of ink. The pen was no use to Frank either. When Syam was in the shop the
he her He
following day, Syam bought a new pen for his sister. Syam also bought a new pen for himself.
he his
Both Syam and Syam’s sister were happy.
When using the pronoun “I” with another person, you always list the other person first.
Example : My friend and I like to chat.
Should you use I or me when speaking about yourself and another person?
Whichever one you would use when speaking about yourself alone is correct.
Examples :
(i) Bobby and I went shopping or (ii) Bobby and me went shopping?
We would say “I went shopping” so (i) is correct.
(i) She opened the door for Lily and I or (ii) She opened the door for Lily and me?
We would say “She opened the door for me” so (ii) is correct.
D Are these sentences correct () or incorrect ()?

1. Sheela and me go running together. 
 4. They gave money to Mahesh and me.  
2. Balu and me wrote a letter. 
 
5. The lady asked Srinu and I to be quiet. 
3. My brother and I to go to bed at 9 p.m. 
 6. Grandad and I took the dog for a walk. 
Atlas holds up the world
An atlas is a book of maps, but the word “atlas” is interesting. Atlas
was the name of a famous person in Greek mythology. Atlas belonged
to a family of giants called the Titans. The Titans ruled the earth until
they fought with the Greek gods and lost. Zeus was the leader of the
gods. He decided to punish the Titans. Atlas’s punishment was to hold
the sky up on his shoulders. He held the sky up for many years. It was
tiring work even though he was very strong.
Atlas had one opportunity to be free. A god called Hercules came to see him. Hercules
needed to find some golden apples and only Atlas knew where they grew. Atlas said, “I’ll get the
apples if you hold up the sky while I’m gone.” Soon, Atlas returned with the golden apples. He
saw Hercules with the sky on his shoulders. The weight of the sky was making Hercules sweat
and groan.
Who would want to take back a job like that? Atlas thought, “I could leave Hercules here
and walk away. Then I would be free forever.” Hercules realised what Atlas had in mind so he
decided to outsmart him. “This sky is so uncomfortable!” he said. “Hold it up for a minute
while I straighten my shoulders. Then I’ll take it back.” So Atlas took the sky from Hercules.
As soon as the weight of the sky was lifted from his shoulders, Hercules ran away. Poor Atlas
had to keep holding up the sky forever. He was so long in the one place that, over time, he
turned into the Atlas Mountains in northern Africa.
About 500 years ago, a Belgian man called Gerardus Mercator made a book of maps. He
dedicated the book to Atlas. Ever since then, a book of maps has been called an atlas.
FUN FACTS
 The word “titanic” comes from the name of the Greek giants – the Titans.
 The Olympic Games are named after Mount Olympus, where the Greek gods lived.
 The Atlas Mountains span three countries: Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.
 The mountain range is about four times the length of Ireland.
 Jbel Toubkal, at almost 4000 metres high, is the highest mountain. It is about four times
as high as Ireland’s highest mountain.

1. Who were the Titans? ___________________________________________________________
2. Why did Atlas have to hold up the sky? ____________________________________________
3. What did Hercules need Atlas to do? ______________________________________________
4. Why was Hercules groaning? ____________________________________________________
5. Where are the Atlas Mountains? __________________________________________________

1. Who do you like better, Atlas or Zeus? _________ Why? ______________________________
2. Name one part of the story that you think is believable. _____________________________
3. Name one part of the story that you think is unbelievable. ___________________________
4. Name two benefits of having an atlas. (i) ____________________ (ii) ____________________
5. Name three mountains in Ireland. (i) _____________ (ii) _____________ (iii) _____________
C Imagine… Atlas and Zeus are having a conversation. Write the conversation. P.A.

Ganesh is two years older than Nandini, who will be fifteen in four months’ time. Hari,
Nandini’s brother, is twice as old as his cousin Rita, and two years younger than his sister.
All four have their birthday on the same day.
1. How old is Nandini in years and months? 14 years and 8 months
2. How old will Ganesh be in four months’ time? 17 years
3. How old in years and months is Hari now? 12 years and 8 months
4. How old will he be in four months’ time? 13 years
5. How old in years and months is Rita now? 6 years and 4 months
6. What is the difference in age between Ganesh and Hari? 4 years
1. consumed I consumed he would be late. I consumed the bar of chocolate. 

2. punishment The punishment was not fair.  The girl was full of punishment.
We did a conversation on our I had a long conversation with
3. conversation
garage. my dad. 
Her presence at the meeting was He always gives me excellent
4. presence
noted.  presence.
C Word Structure. Add a second syllable to make a word.

V.A.
1. att/ack 4. de/ cide 7. re/ veal
2. gidd/ y 5. shoul/ der 8. gold/ en
3. pun/ ish 6. straight/ en 9. hal/ o
D Think, plan, write… Plan a debate for and against the motion “Testing on animals
should be banned”. Write three points supporting the motion and three points against
the motion. Use some of these words.
P.A.
serious diseases medical science alternative living creatures education
cruelty benefits priority beauty products animal welfare
E Teaser Time
1. The code represents the word C O M P E T I T I O N
COMPETITION. Using this code, find
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 1 6 8
these hidden words:
2153 43212168 432 5173 5643 7664 213 7683
TIME PETITION PET MICE MOPE COOP TIE CONE
you make using the word OPPORTUNITY? P.A.
(i) POT (iv) (vii) (x) (xiii)

myth mountain Morocco magnificent marsupial
monster Mercator map Mars maximum
1. scary creature monster 6. untrue story myth
creator of the plan of an area/
2.
first atlas Mercator 7.
country map
3. very high land mountain 8. a planet Mars
4. country in Africa Morocco 9. upper limit maximum
5. wonderful magnificent 10. koala, kangaroo marsupial Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “Atlas holds up the world”, are these
Atlas was famous in Greek Hercules wanted some juicy
1.
mythology.  6.
oranges. 
Atlas held up the sky as a The atlas was invented 2000 years
2.
punishment.  7.
ago. 
3. The Titans ruled the earth.  8. Atlas belonged to a family of fairies. 
4. Zeus was the Titan leader.  9. The Atlas Mountains are in Asia. 
The Olympics are named after a They are about four times the
5.
mountain.  10.
length of Ireland. 
Score
C Grammar. Underline the pronouns. Write whether they are personal pronouns (PERS),
possessive pronouns (POSS) or possessive adjectives (PA).
1. The first name on the list is mine. POSS
_____________
2. That is her toy. PA
_____________
3. The small blue tent is ours. POSS
_____________
4. Tomorrow is my twelfth birthday. PA
_____________
5. You should always be polite and say please. PERS
_____________ Score
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Colons, semicolons and brackets
We use a colon (:) between a general statement and more specific details of the statement.
The first statement is usually a full sentence.
The second statement or list gives more meaning to the first or explains the first.
Examples: I love everything about the beach: sea, sun and sand.
The girl forgot something very important: her mother’s birthday.
A Add a colon and commas (if needed) to the following sentences.

1. I work five days a week: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday.
2. There are seven colours in the rainbow: violet, indigo, red, orange, yellow, green and blue.
3. The boy discovered an amazing fact: his grandfather had acted in a film.
4. The children were excited: they were going to Disneyland Paris.
5. The cover of the book had a big mistake: the title was spelt incorrectly.
6. The girl would be in trouble: she had forgotten her homework again.
We use a semicolon (;) to join two complete sentences that are closely related to one
another. Usually you can replace a semicolon with a full stop or the words and or but.
Example: I am going to visit my aunt; I’ll bring flowers with me.
B Add a colon or semicolon to each sentence.

1. The woman was shivering; she wasn’t wearing a coat.
2. I use lots of things to make my pasta sauce: tomatoes, garlic, curryleaf and chilli.
3. My sunglasses were smudged; I cleaned them with a special cloth.
4. I have plenty of tools in the shed: hammers, nails, screwdrivers and vice grips.
5. The film was very good; I’d like to see it again.
6. My grandmother is an artist; her work is beautiful.
7. We had to throw a party: it was my father’s birthday.
8. There are two things that I don’t like: unkind people and Monday mornings.
Brackets ( ) are used to add information or explain more about what has been written.
The sentence should still make sense without the information in the brackets.
Do not start the text in a bracket with a capital letter or end with a full stop
unless there is a complete sentence within the brackets.
Examples: I went to the cinema with Jaanu (my best friend in school).
I am going to meet Mary. (I meet her most Tuesdays.)
C Add brackets to the following sentences so that they make sense.

1. The children (who were very excited) were going on their school tour.
2. The Police car (with its flashing blue light on) rushed to the scene of the crime.
3. My younger brothers Fred and Phil (twins) always play together.
4. I eat a good breakfast (porridge) before school every morning.
5. We leave out the bin (recycling) on Thursday for the waste truck to collect.
6. Be careful on the kitchen floor (the tiles are slippery) because it is wet.

Seabirds
The cormorant is blue-black with white cheeks and throat. Its

outstretched wings can be up to 150 cm wide. It flies low and fast
1.
above the water to catch fish. Cormorants love shellfish – crabs in
particular. They nest in groups along rocky seashores.
The seagull will eat almost anything. Seagulls are clever. Adults even
teach their chicks to crack open shells and to stamp their feet to find
2.
worms. They have webbed feet and brilliant eyesight. They can drink
salt water and flush the salt out through their eyes.
The puffin can fly through air or “fly” through water. It uses its wings
as paddles and webbed feet to steer. Puffins can flap their wings
3.
up to 400 times a minute. They eat small fish and live in colonies.
Puffins can live to be over 20 years of age.
The oystercatcher is a black and white wading bird found on
seashores. It has a strong, long, flat, red-orange bill it uses to break
4. open shellfish. At low tide shellfish such as mussels, oysters and
limpets relax and open their shells a little. Oystercatchers take this
opportunity to grab a tasty meal.
The gannet is large with long, narrow wings. It dives into the sea by
folding its wings back so that it hits the water like a spear. It has a
5. long neck, head and bill and large, dark, webbed feet. The adult is
white with large dark wing tips and a yellowish head. The gannet
makes a loud grating noise.
The razorbill is a plump, thick-necked, black and white, penguin-like
bird. Its name comes from its large, flat, razor-like bill. It makes a
6.
growling sound. Razorbills are great swimmers and travel by sea as
much as by air. They nest on cliff edges and usually lay only one egg.

1. Name three types of shellfish that seabirds eat. (i) ________ (ii) ________ (iii) ________
2. Why are long beaks helpful to some seabirds? ______________________________________
3. Why does the razorbill have that name? ___________________________________________
4. Why does the gannet fold back its wings? __________________________________________
5. Why do you think some birds come to Ireland for the winter? ________________________
6. Name three birds that don’t live at the seashore.
(i) _______________________ (ii) _______________________ (iii) _______________________
B Who am I? Write the name of the seabird.
1. I usually lay only one egg. razorbill 4. I am a very fast flapper. puffins
2. I am a wading bird. oystercatcher 5. I have a wide wingspan. cormorant
3. I eat almost anything. seagull 6. I am a great diver. gannet
C Imagine… You are a seabird for a day. Which seabird are you? Describe your day. Tell
how you survive, about your family and what makes you scared. P.A.

1. He soars like an eagle. He does really well.
2. She screamed like a cat. She screeched loudly.
3. She laughs like a hyena. She has a strange laugh.
4. He sits there like a bump on a log. He sits there doing nothing.
5. They worked like ants. They worked busily.
amazing excellent unlike others makes scrumptious fragile
stay alive delicious easily recognisable dainty continue to exist creates
makes continue to exist

1. produces 4. survive
creates stay alive
fragile scrumptious
2. delicate 5. tasty
dainty delicious
amazing unlike others
3. superb 6. distinctive
excellent easily recognisable
1. o __
st__ o __l o __
f__ o __ish
l sch__ o __
o __l w__o __o __len
l o __
t__ o __l o __
p__ o __l
2. d __
e__ g __
e he__d __
g __
e bri__d __g __e d __
ju__ g __e d __
fu__ g __
e d __
ba__ g __r
e
3. a __n __
r__ g __
e a __
str__ n g__ e__r a __n __
__ g e__l a __
arr__ n g__ e__ a n__ g__e__r
__ a __
or__ n __
g e__
D Think, plan, write… Write a short poem on the theme of “Summer”. P.A.
• Step 1: Think of a title, for example, “Seaside Tide”, “Flying High”, “Hot Spot”.
Key words
Rhyming word 1
Rhyming word 2
E Teaser Time
(Hint: clothes)
(i) rouser trousers (iv) sc sock (vii) res dress
(ii) sir shirt (v) hodi hoodie (viii) saw shawl
(iii) blou blouse (vi) pullve pullover (ix) leging leggings
(i) I grow when I eat but die when I drink. (rfie) fire
__________________________
(ii) You don’t eat me for breakfast or lunch. (nnerdi) dinner
__________________________

cautious reserved forward confident anxious
sensitive perplexed arrogant reassuring evasive
1. puzzled perplexed 6. being careful cautious
full of self- avoiding giving
2.
importance arrogant 7.
information evasive
3. nervous anxious 8. easily upset/hurt sensitive
4. holding back reserved 9. cheeky forward
5. providing support reassuring 10. believing in self confident Score
B Comprehension. Complete each sentence with two facts from “Seabirds”.
have long narrow wings have strong bills usually lay one egg live in colonies
look like a penguin can “fly” through water eat shellfish eat almost anything
drink salt water make a loud noise
1. Oystercatchers (i) have strong bills (ii) eat shellfish
2. Puffins (i) can “fly” through water (ii) live in colonies
3. Seagulls (i) drink salt water (ii) eat almost anything
4. Gannets (i) have long narrow wings (ii) make a loud noise
5. Razorbills (i) usually lay one egg (ii) look like a penguin
Score
C Grammar. Write the missing brackets, colons and semicolons where they should be in
the sentences.
1. I am taking my cousin (a four-year-old ) to the park to play.
2. My father has many roses in the garden : red, yellow and white ones.
3. I gave my mum a beautiful egg (dark chocolate ) for Easter.
Give yourself 2 marks
4. We built a bonfire on our camping trip ; we sat around it all evening.for each correct answer.
5. I can’t go to my friend’s party next weekend : I have been grounded. Score
mammals
Seals are large Mammals that live in the sea. Most mammals do not lay eggs. Instead they carry
babies Ireland Seals
their babys until they are ready to be born. Seals can be found around ireland. seals store plenty
Their
of fat (called blubber). There blubber keeps them warm and can be used as a source of energy.
friendly careful seals
While they look friend, they can bite, so be carful when sales are nearby. Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

Rewind 5
Let’s look back at hyphenated words, pronouns, root words and punctuation.
1. When do we use a hyphen in a word?
2. When do we use brackets?
3. Can suffixes and prefixes have a meaning?
4. What is a possessive pronoun?
A Write the plural of the hyphenated word.

1. All India All-Indias 5. ex-wife ex-wives
2. brother-in-law brothers-in-law 6. nine-year-old nine-year-olds
3. passer-by passers-by 7. play-off play-offs
4. X-ray X-rays 8. walkie-talkie walkie-talkies
B Match the underlined suffix in the word with a meaning. Use your dictionary to
help you.
lacking in topic of study similar to disease capable of
fear of something female type doer of something
Words with suffix Suffix meaning
1. duchess, lioness, princess female type
2. biology, physiology, technology topic of study
3. conjunctivitis, tonsillitis, appendicitis disease
4. claustrophobia, equinophobia, xenophobia fear of something
5. helpless, thoughtless, careless lacking in
6. childlike, lifelike, ladylike similiar to
7. dentist, florist, adventurist doer of something
8. fixable, adaptable, flammable capable of
C Complete the sentences using a pronoun, possessive pronoun or possessive adjective.
1. She is a friend of ________.
I know Smrithi. ________ mine
2. My parents are very proud of me.
________
3. ours
Their football kit is nicer than ________.
4. his schoolbag in school.
My brother left ________
5. They are not allowed to play until their homework is finished.
________
6. our holidays soon.
We are going on ________
D Use brackets in these sentences.

1. We have no school next week (it is mid-term break) so we are going away.
2. My grand (daddy’s mother) is coming to visit us.
3. Our cat had three kittens (Pussy, Romi and Guna) during the night.
4. I baked a birthday cake (chocolate fudge) for my sister’s birthday.
5. The customer (who usually complains) thanked me this morning.
6. A boy in our class (who is only 11) can spell any word you ask him.

The Rivers of India
The Ganges flows through Haridwar
And Yamuna is on Agra P
The Sutlej winds through farming lands M
To Amritsar by the Beas.

J G
The Godavari by ancient Rajamahendri A
Flows tranquilly and free, H

O
And this is just a few of them N L
I
Enough for you and me.
D
The Pinakini through Nellore winds its way,
The Krishna through Amaravathi E
And down in Mettur watch B
F
The Kaveri go gently past.
K
But there are many more besides,
North, South, East and West,
C
So get your map of India out
And try to find the rest.
Map Key : A) Ganges B) Musi C) Kaveri D) Narmada E) Godavari F) Krishna G) Alakananda

H) Brahmaputra I) Hugli J) Sutlej K) Tungabhadra L) Yamuna M) Jhelum N) Sabarmathi
O) Chambal P) Indus
A Look at the map and find the names of the rivers that run through each of the towns
listed below.
City/Town River City/Town River
1. Haridwar Gamges 9. Kolkata Hugli
2. Hyderabad Musi 10. Ferojpur Sutlej
3. Mettur Kaveri 11. Hospet Tungabhadra
4. Jabalpur Narmada 12. Agra Yamuna
5. Rajamahendri Godavari 13. Srinagar Jhelum
6. Amaravathi Krishna 14. Ahmedabad Sabarmathi
7. Ayodhya Sarayu 15. Gwalior Chambal
8. Nellore Pinakini 16. Badrinath Alakananda
B Answer the questions. P.A.
1.Which of the rivers listed above is nearest to where you live? _________________________
2.Name one way that rivers can be dangerous. _______________________________________
3.Where you ever out on a river? Yes  No  Which river was it? _____________________
4.Mark 1, 2, 3 in order of what you would most enjoy to do in, or on, a river:
go fishing on a riverbank ___ go kayaking on a river ___ go swimming in a river ___
5. Ring two fish that you would probably find in an Indian river.
shark trout salmon monkfish
C Imagine… Draw a picture of the river or stream that is nearest to where you live.
Include the water, riverbank and any wildlife you might see there. P.A.

1. black market (i) talk to someone you don’t know
2. sleep like a log (ii) without problems
3. full of hot air (iii) full of nonsense
4. like clockwork (iv) rest well
5. break the ice (v) illegal buying and selling
B Vocabulary. Rewrite the lines from the poem “The Rivers of India” in another way. P.A.
1. The Sutlej winds through farming lands
2. The Godavari by ancient Rajamahendri
3. But there are many more besides
4. Flows tranquilly and free
5. Watch the Manjeera go genth past

1. wrote rowte writed 6. elaphant elefant elephant
2. evry every evary 7. vegetable vegatable vegetible
3. cried cryed creid 8. sangwich sandwhich sandwich
4. abood abowt about 9. gentily gently gentley
5. queshun question questsion 10. importance emportance importanse
“A day on the riverbank”. Try to use lots of adjectives. P.A.
adventure unusual boat packed frightened shocked
evening drenched wildlife deliberately together missing
1. Why at the river? Picnic? 2. Who was there?
Paragraph 1
3. What did you bring? 4. Describe the day.
1. Describe the riverbank. 2. Did you boat/swim/fish?
Paragraph 2
3. The adventures you had… 4. A funny/scary incident…
1. Time out – the picnic… 2. What were others doing?
Paragraph 3
3. How did the day finish? 4. Will you go again? Why?
E Teaser Time
1. Crack the code. Each letter from the second half of the alphabet (N to Z) corresponds to a
letter from the first half of the alphabet (A to M). For example, Z = A, Y = B. Can you work
out the missing words?
ZRN YZOO UZNV YOZXP NRNV XORXP SVZO XZON
AIM BALL FAME BLACK MIME CLICK HEAL CALM
2. Write a teaser or a puzzle of your own.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

A Vocabulary. Write the words that match the descriptions. The first letter is also given.
Words ending with “ient”
1. extremely old ancient 6. not willing to wait impatient
2. sick person in hospital patient 7. organised efficient
3. enough sufficent 8. handy, easily accessible convenient
4. bold, not obeying disobedient 9. not handy, out of the way inconvenient
5. an item for cooking ingredient 10. slope gradient
Score
B Comprehension. Based on information from “The Rivers of India”, are these sentences
1. The Ganges flows through Haridwar.  6. The Pinakini passes through Nellore. 
2. The city of Agra lies on the Beas.  7. The River Jhelum runs through Srinagar. 
3. The Sutlej flows through many farms.  8. The Chambal is found in Gwalior. 
4. Rajamahendri lies on the Krishna.  9. Rivers can be used for sports. 
5. The Kaveri is at Mettur.  10. Indian rivers are home to fish. 
Score
C Grammar. Match each word to its description.
pronoun adverb suffix common noun contraction
1. describes or tells us more about a verb adverb
_____________________
2. pronoun
takes the place of a person/noun in a sentence _____________________
3. common noun
name shared with everything of the same type _____________________ Give yourself 2 marks
4. shortened words or phrases contraction
_____________________ for each correct answer.
5. a piece added to the end of a word suffix

_____________________ Score
warm ago
These days, most homes have radiators to warn them. Long Ago, there was no oil or gas heating.
burned their
People burnded coal, wood and turf in fires to heat there homes. In large houses, there was a big
every chimneys regularly
fireplace in almost evry room. The chimnies were cleaned regular. Young boys (and sometimes
.
girls) were hired as chimney sweveps. Their masters went to fairs to buy them? Score
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10. Score

1 –ise 2 –ary 3 –iant 4 –ual 5 –ere 6 –ery
advise anniversary brilliant casual adhere bravery
advertise boundary compliant continual austere discovery
agonise contemporary defiant eventual atmosphere forgery
categorise contrary deviant factual hemisphere grocery
clockwise diary giant gradual insincere jewellery
disguise dictionary (non)compliant individual interfere machinery
exercise library radiant intellectual persevere mockery
finalise necessary reliant punctual severe nursery
generalise salary valiant unequal sincere recovery
improvise summary variant unusual sphere surgery
7 –or 8 –ence 9 –ence 10 –eer 11 –our 12 –ful
collector licence affluence commandeer behaviour joyful
doctor offence defence domineer colour meaningful
editor prudence difference career demeanour neglectful
factor science excellence engineer endeavour peaceful
indicator sentence existence auctioneer favour pitiful
inspector silence innocence mountaineer flavour plentiful
protractor confidence residence overseer harbour purposeful
spectator conscience violence pioneer labour shameful
tractor convenience obedience sightseer neighbour skilful
visitor independence intelligence volunteer parlour thankful
13 –ible 14 –cle 15 –light 16 –ine 17 –cy 18 –eous
contemptible article blight determine accuracy advantageous
destructible bicycle candlelight discipline decency courageous
divisible debacle daylight engine efficiency courteous
digestible miracle delight examine emergency discourteous
edible muscle highlight famine frequency erroneous
legible obstacle moonlight feminine policy gorgeous
negligible recycle searchlight imagine secrecy hideous
(ir)responsible semicircle spotlight masculine tendency miscellaneous
sensible spectacle starlight medicine urgency righteous
terrible vehicle twilight vaccine vacancy spontaneous
19 –ity 20 –ish 21 –sion 22 –cious 23 –ful 24 –ity
activity abolish admission conscious beautiful dependability
ambiguity admonish collision delicious boastful dignity
brutality astonish conclusion ferocious careful electricity
capability cherish decision gracious cheerful eligibility
capacity demolish division precious disgraceful enormity
captivity impish expression spacious doubtful facility
charity languish impression suspicious eventful ferocity
clarity peckish invasion unconscious faithful frivolity
complexity relinquish permission vicious gleeful gravity
curiosity sheepish provision vivacious hopeful hilarity
25 –ical 26 –ial 27 –tion 28 –tion 29 –ual 30 –ue
comical beneficial ambition accumulation casual argue
critical confidential anticipation accusation continual barbecue
ecological controversial caution direction eventual fatigue
historical financial collection exaggeration factual grotesque
logical menial competition exception gradual issue
magical official completion exhaustion individual mystique
medical social consolation intention intellectual oblique
musical special fiction invention punctual queue
political superficial fraction objection unequal rescue
practical trivial subtraction rejection unusual value

Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6
brought average coward already activity beckoning
Donegal condition dragon comfortably adventure beneath
excitement language dungeon cough author cavities
included native laughing developed especially conscience
Ireland penguin meant features famine perils
Leitrim planet strategically kangaroo history reckoning
mountain prevent suddenly koala leisure regularly
movement recently terrified marsupial librarian respect
probably temperature trickled pouch successful spotted
satellite together underneath something Traveller worth
approached chopped danger amazing Australia cupboard
avoided different description brothers boarded loath
heartbreak favourite evening business excitement lonesome
jeered ingredients farmhouse disappeared forgotten pendulum
objections Italian opinion following India reluctant
opportunity medium pretending heartbroken internet shelf
pounding mushroom promise millionaire island shining
taunted recipe stopping popular overjoyed speckled
understood spaghetti suggest population Tasmania weary
whispered tablespoon village wandered weather weight
ancient campaign analyst average announced blustering
around fought charmer Dundalk Brazil commotion
celebrating hero(es) designer expensive continued galloping
destroyed humanitarian ecologist instead coordination measurement
exhausted imagine explorer invented devastated merciless
generous imprisoned magician manufacturing government offended
intruder injustice moonwalker motorcycle improved scattering
magnificent poverty politician occurred meant struggled
particularly troublemaker technician overgrown memory unusual
protect worldwide volcano(es) stretched motorway wondered
amount astronomer disgusting competed America complaint
available constellation grumbling conducted crocodile conducted
essential countryside legendary famous enormous digestion
honoured developed muttering favourite eyesight disgruntled
inspiring object overrun fractured fossil exposed
marvellous particularly promised incredible human oyster
plentiful plough solution lovable poisonous protected
shortage prowling townspeople received ridiculous question
well-deserved reaching twinkled recovery tongue slumber
wonderful scientist whiskers specialised vibration treated
coastline celebrated approached dedicated outstretched Rajamahendri
earthquake distress description fought cormorant Hospet
enormous emergency disagreement Hercules oystercatcher Hyderabad
eruption engine disputed inclined gannet Jabalpur
evacuate extraordinary enough mythology puffin Mettur
harbour passenger exceeding Olympic webbed Srinagar
released permission observation opportunity razorbill Riverbank
system remarkable resemble punishment brilliant Tranquilly
tsunami skilled squirming realised colonies Sabarmathi
volcano unfortunately wondrous unbelievable seashore Wildlife

Struggling (1–3) Fair (4–6) Well Done (7–9) Star Performer (10)
Vocabulary
10
Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Comprehension
10
Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Grammar
10
Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Struggling (1–3) Fair (4–6) Well Done (7–9) Star Performer (10)
Accuracy (Proofing/dictation)
10
Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Spelling
10
Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Comments
Term 1: ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ Date: ________________
Term 2: ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ Date: ________________
Term 3: ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ Date: ________________

Openers for essays and debates
Opinions Illustrations/Examples
In my opinion… Take for example the situation whereby…
It is generally believed… Let me give you an example…
I strongly believe that… I would like to give you an example…
It is the view of some people that… This is clearly the case with…
I wish to put forward an opinion… I am aware of a situation in which…
I would like to present this argument… I can think of a good example that proves my point.
Objections Summaries
In summary I believe that…
I don’t agree at all…
As a final point, I think…
I reject the suggestion that…
To conclude, …
The argument is without foundation.
Finally…
I entirely disagree with the view that…
Having reflected on all sides of the argument, I
On the contrary, that is not the case at all.
believe…
Some people have an entirely different experience.
I now wish to summarise the main points.
Feelings and emotions

Joy/Love Sorrow/Hatred Behaviour/Mood Unkindness Manners/Kindness
affection agony demure brutal admirable
cheerfulness anguish disdainful decrying commendable
comfort despair humble denouncing compassionate
contentment detest humorous envious cordial
delight disgust indulgent malicious courteous
endearment dismal insolent provoking foppish
fondness hopeless playful revengeful graceful
happiness misery pompous tormenting polite
passion scandalous stubborn uncivil refined
regard vexatious sullen venomous willing
Character descriptions
able curious gentle manipulative pessimistic stubborn
accomplished demanding grumpy mature powerful successful
ambitious dependable hardworking mean-spirited prickly superficial
angry despised harmless mighty protective sweet
anxious devoted hasty miserly quaint sympathetic
argumentative difficult haughty modest quiet talented
athletic disgusting helpful motivated reassuring tall
awesome dizzy high-spirited musical refreshing tired
beautiful domineering hostile nasty responsible tolerant
bitter dramatic humorous needy ridiculous tough
boorish dull idealistic nosy robust tricky
bright eccentric ignorant nutty rough trustworthy
brilliant elegant imaginative obsessive rude uncertain
bubbly enthusiastic immature officious sarcastic unforgiving
careless educated independent open-minded scatter-brained unusual
casual excitable irresponsible opinionated scrawny violent
childish expressive irritating optimistic secretive vulnerable
clumsy faithful jolly ordinary self-centred warm
complex feeble kind outgoing sensitive well-respected
confused flighty lazy narrow-minded shallow well-loved
conscientious foolish lovable overbearing sociable wise
courteous fragile loyal passionate spiteful worried
creative friendly macho pathetic strange zany
critical generous magnanimous patient strong zealous

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ANSWERS BOOK

Editor : Ciara McNee

P.A. = PERSONAL ANSWER V.A. = VARIABLE ANSWER

A Proofread this paragraph very carefully. Rewrite it in your copy.

1. the president of the united states of america is a very powerful person.

1. Health Service Executive H.S.E. 6. National Cadet Corp. N.C.C.

A Answer the questions. P.A.

B True () or False ()?

C Imagine… You are Lorcan O’Toole. Write a note to Conall. P.A.

B Vocabulary. Ring the correct word to complete each comparison.

C Word Structure. Add a second syllable to make a word. V.A.

6 Better English - 8 Answers Book

Better English - 8 Answers Book 7

Nouns can be concrete, abstract or collective.

8 Better English - 8 Answers Book

most recently opened airport is Wilkins Runway, which is

A Answer the questions. P.A.

B True () or False ()?

Antarctica… In the Antarctic… Wilkins Runway…

Better English - 8 Answers Book 9

10 Better English - 8 Answers Book

A Vocabulary. Write the words that match the descriptions.

1. Sikkim CON 6. bravery A

D Dictation. A passage will be read aloud. Write the text accurately.

Better English - 8 Answers Book 11

Your own address

B Write a letter to the Director of Children’s Programmes in RTÉ, asking to appear on

12 Better English - 8 Answers Book

A Answer the questions. P.A.

Better English - 8 Answers Book 13

C Word Structure. Ring the correct spelling of each word.

14 Better English - 8 Answers Book

A Vocabulary. Write the words that match the descriptions.

Better English - 8 Answers Book 15

A Rewrite these sentences inserting quotation marks in the correct places.

Indirect speech is reporting what was said.

B Change the following from direct speech to indirect speech.

16 Better English - 8 Answers Book

FANTASTIC FACTS ABOUT THE FURRY FUZZBALLS

A Answer the questions. P.A.

B True () or False ()?

Marsupials… Koalas… Joeys…

Better English - 8 Answers Book 17

C Word Structure. Add a second syllable to make a word. V.A.

1. tedd/y 5. new/ est 9. freez/ er

18 Better English - 8 Answers Book

1. My mum shouted, “I am really annoyed with you!” DIR

D Dictation. A passage will be read aloud. Write the text accurately.

Better English - 8 Answers Book 19

A Punctuate each sentence using a question mark or a full stop or both.

A sentence can be:

20 Better English - 8 Answers Book

BOOKS MARITA CONLON-MCKENNA HAS WRITTEN FOR CHILDREN

A Answer the questions. P.A.

C Imagine… You have written a bestseller! P.A.

Better English - 8 Answers Book 21

22 Better English - 8 Answers Book

1. librarian books 6. vet animals

B Comprehension. Based on information from “Bookworms”, are these sentences

1. All books are about adventures.  6. Marita Conlon-McKenna is a poet. 

Better English - 8 Answers Book 23

Let’s look back at nouns, sentences and punctuation.

B Is each underlined noun concrete (CON), abstract (A) or collective (COL)?