Summer 2020

ENERGY CONVERSION-I
EEE 221
LECTURE-01
TRAVEL CROP
Professor Dr. Shahidul Islam Khan

DESIGN
Chairperson, Department of EEE
Brac University
Digital Machinery
Text Book: Electric Nomad Guide:Fundamentals
The better way to enjoy your world as a nomad
Stephen J. Chapman
5th Edition
Chapter 2
Transformers
 Chapter 2 Transformers

• Types and construction of transformers

• The ideal transformer
• Theory of operation of real single-phase transformers
• Equivalent circuit of a transformer
• Transformer voltage regulation and efficiency
• Transformer taps and voltage regulation
• The autotransformer
• Three-phase transformer
• Instrument transformers

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Transformers
A transformer is a device that converts one AC voltage
to another AC voltage at the same frequency. It consists
of one or more coil(s) of wire wrapped around a
common ferromagnetic core. These coils are usually not
connected electrically together. However, they are
connected through the common magnetic flux confined
to the core.

• The transformer winding connected to the power

source is called the primary winding or input winding
• The winding connected to the loads is called the
secondary winding or output winding
• ….tertiary winding
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Why transformers are important to
modern life

• The transformer ideally changes one ac voltage

level to another voltage level without affecting the
actual power supplied.
• The transformer can be used in distribution system
for efficiency issues.
• The step-up transformer decreases the line
current and decreases the power loss on power
line.
• The transmission/distribution system with
transformer can keep high efficiency

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Types and construction of transformers

• Core-form: consists a
simple rectangular
laminated piece of steel
with the transformer
winding wrapped around
two sides of the rectangle Figure 2.2

• Shell-form: consists three

legs laminated core with
winding wrapped around
the center leg

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Figure 2.3 5
The ideal transformer characteristics

Figure 2.4 (a)

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 The ideal transformer characteristics
Figure 2.4 (b)

(2.1)

• Where a=Np/Ns is the turns

ratio
(2.2)
• Energy balance relation

2.3 (a) 2.3 (b)

• Phasor relation • The turns ratio a only effects
the magnitude not the angle
(2.4) (2.5)

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Dot convention in ideal transformer

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Power in an ideal transformer

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Power in an ideal transformer

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Impedance transformation through a
transformer

Figure 2.5

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Analysis of circuits containing ideal
transformers

• All the current and voltage are all referred to

one side (primary side)
• Note the dot convention for current direction
• Impedance transformation

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Example 2-1

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Example 2-1

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Assignment-1

■ Example 2.1
■ Submission Deadline:
■ Submission Link:

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Thank You