Name: kurcy Tua

Registration Number:2019431052

Course Title: Cytology

History of Cell Biology
The cell was first discovered and named by Robert Hooke in 1665. He remarked that it looked
strangely similar to cellular or small rooms which monks inhabited, thus deriving the name.
However, what Hooke actually saw was the dead cell walls of plant cells (cork) as it appeared
under the microscope.

1595: Jansen credited with 1st compound microscope.

1610: Galileo Galilei Invented a simple microscope having only one magnifying lens to study the
arrangement of the facets in the compound eye of insects.

1632-1723: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek teaches himself to make lenses, constructs basic optical
microscopes and draws protozoa, such as Vorticella from rainwater, and bacteria from his own
mouth.

1655: Hooke described ‘cells’ in cork., then in living plant tissue using an early compound
microscope. He coins the term cell (from Latin cella, meaning “small room”) in his book
Micrographia (1665).

1674: Leeuwenhoek discovered protozoa. He saw bacteria some 9 years later.

1807: Mirbel Confirmed that all plant tissues were composed of cells.

1824: Rene Dutrochet Stated that all animal and plant tissues were “aggregates of globular
cells.”
1833: Brown described the cell nucleus in cells of the orchid.

1835: Felix Dujardin Named the jelly-like material within protozoans as sarcode.

1838: Schleiden and Schwann proposed cell theory.

1839: Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden elucidate the principle that plants and
animals are made of cells, concluding that cells are a common unit of structure and
development, and thus founding the cell theory.

1840: Albrecht von Roelliker realized that sperm cells and egg cells are also cells.

1855: Rudolf Virchow states that new cells come from pre-existing cells by cell division.

1856: N. Pringsheim observed how a sperm cell penetrated an egg cell.

1857: Kolliker described mitochondria.

1858: Rudolf Virchow (physician, pathologist and anthropologist) expounds his famous
conclusion: omnis cellula e cellula, that is cells develop only from existing cells [cells come from
preexisting cells]

1859: Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) contradicts the belief that life forms can occur spontaneously
(generatio spontanea) (although Francesco Redi had performed an experiment in 1668 that
suggested the same conclusion).

1879: Flemming described chromosome behavior during mitosis.

1883: Germ cells are haploid, chromosome theory of heredity.

1898: Golgi described the golgi apparatus.

1931: Ernst Ruska builds the first transmission electron microscope (TEM) at the University of
Berlin. By 1935, he has built an EM with twice the resolution of a light microscope, revealing
previously unresolvable organelles.

1938: Behrens used differential centrifugation to separate nuclei from cytoplasm.

1939: Siemens produced the first commercial transmission electron microscope.

1952: Gey and coworkers established a continuous human cell line.

1953: Watson and Crick made their first announcement on the double helix structure of DNA on
February 28.

1955: Eagle systematically defined the nutritional needs of animal cells in culture.

1957: Meselson, Stahl and Vinograd developed density gradient centrifugation in cesium
chloride solutions for separating nucleic acids.

1965: Ham introduced a defined serum-free medium. Cambridge Instruments produced the first
commercial scanning electron microscope.

1976: Sato and colleagues publish papers showing that different cell lines require different
mixtures of hormones and growth factors in serum-free media.

1981: Lynn Margulis published Symbiosis in Cell Evolution detailing the endosymbiotic theory.

1981: Transgenic mice and fruit flies are produced. Mouse embryonic stem cell line established.

1995: Tsien identifies mutant of GFP with enhanced spectral properties.

1998: Mice are cloned from somatic cells

.1999: Hamilton and Baulcombe discover siRNA as part of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) in
plants.