Non-Communication Graduates in The Broadcast Industry (2018)

West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF COMMUNICATION
Iloilo City
NON-COMMUNICATION GRADUATES IN THE BROADCAST INDUSTRY:
A CASE STUDY
An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to
the Faculty of the College of Communication
Iloilo City
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Arts in Broadcasting
Mark Neil S. Abiera
Lovely Jade B. Erenea
Jexian Khee S. Gastar
Jhunevangel P. Tumbokon
April 2018
Iloilo City
ii
Acknowledgments
This study would not be possible without the help of a few people who were
instrumental in the successful completion of the study.
First of all, the Almighty God, for giving light, wisdom, protection,
inspiration, and guidance;
The researchers’ families and the loving parents, Mr. Joseph Abiera, Mrs.
Magdalena Abiera, Ms. Melba Bataluna, Mrs. Evelyn Gastar, Mr. Jocelyn Gastar,
Mrs. Evangeline Tumbokon, the late Mr. Benjamin Tumbokon Jr., and Mrs.
Llermelyn Elizario for the moral, financial, emotional, and spiritual support during
the conduct of the study;
Prof. Ricky Abaleña III, thesis adviser, for sharing knowledge and expertise,
encouragement, and for not giving up on the researchers until the study has been
completed;
Prof. Ma. Rosario Victoria de Guzman, guidance counselor, for sharing
knowledge, words of encouragement, and for the spiritual support given to the
researchers;
Mr. Jenel Baclay, Prof. Zsa Zsa Bacaling, and Mr. Lester Mark Carnaje for
sharing knowledge and expertise in validating the instrument;
The participants of the study for the trust and time that they have shared
with the researchers;

Iloilo City
iii
Dr. Carmencita Robles, dean of the College of Communication, for the
approval of the thesis;
Friends and classmates, the Bachelor of Arts in Broadcasting Batch 2018, for
the encouragements, understanding, knowledge, and for making the researcher’s
college life a very memorable one;
The faculty and staff of the WVSU-College of Communication, and the
student assistants, Prof. Rona Dhel Alingasa, Prof. Zsa Zsa Bacaling, Prof. Raffy
Galan, Prof Mil Joe Cabag, Dr. Ian Espada, Dr. Ricky Becodo, Prof. Dave Quimpo,
Prof. Charity June Coronica, Prof. Ma. Corazon Buala, and Prof. Shiela Mae Quero
for all the learnings and inspiration acquired by the researchers.
Mark Neil Abiera
Lovely Jade Erenea
Jexian Khee Gastar
Jhunevangel Tumbokon
April 2018
Iloilo City
iv
Table of Contents
Page
Title Page 1
Approval Sheet i
Acknowledgments ii
Table of Contents iv
List of Appendixes vii
Abstract 2
Chapter
1 The Problem 3
Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study 4
Objectives of the Study 10
Significance of the Study 11
Definition of Terms 13
Delimitation of the Study 14
2 Review of Related Literature 16
Case Studies 16
Labor Mismatch 23
3 Research Design and Methodology 31
Purpose of the Study and Research Design 31

Iloilo City
Chapter Page
Subject 33
Instrument 34
Procedure 34
Data Analysis 36
4 Results 38
Educational backgrounds of non-communication graduates in 39
the media industry
Motivations of non-communication graduates in the media 42
industry
Difficulties encountered by non-communication graduates 49
in the media industry
Adjustment of non-communication graduates to the 55
environment of the media industry
Learning ways of non-communication graduates as a media 62
practitioner
Non-communication graduates’ application of non-related 68
degrees on the media industry
5 Summary, Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations 77
Summary of the Research Design 77

Iloilo City
vi
Page
Summary of Findings 78
Conclusions 79
Implications 81
Recommendations 83
References 85
Appendixes 91
Iloilo City
vii
List of Appendixes
Appendixes Page
A Letter to the Validators 92
B Letter to the Participants 93
C Interview Schedule 94
D Transcribed Interview 96
Iloilo City
Abiera, Mark Neil; Erenea, Lovely Jade; Gastar, Jexian Khee; Tumbokon,
Jhunevangel, Non-communication Graduates in the Broadcast Industry: A
Case Study. Bachelor of Arts in Broadcasting Undergraduate Thesis, West
Visayas State University, Iloilo City, April 2018.
Abstract
This study presented the cases of non-communication graduates who are media
practitioners. This study was conducted in the Second Semester of Academic Year
2017-2018 in Iloilo City. Data were gathered using an Interview Schedule as
instrument. Results of the study revealed the following: the educational
backgrounds of the subjects were Bachelor of Arts in Literature, Bachelor of Arts in
Political Science, and Bachelor of Science in Criminology. The motivations of
subjects in pursuing their careers were their passion, being admired by people,
being heard by the people, and being an instrument to disseminate information.
The difficulties encountered by the subjects were management of time, personal
threats, and pressure in the work place. Adjustments made by subjects were
adjustment in time, studying communication books, creating a motivation, and
having more experiences and exposures. The subjects learned their skills through
exposures, trainings, and studying communication books. The subjects applied their
degrees in paper works, discussion of political ideas, and understanding of laws.

Iloilo City
NON-COMMUNICATION GRADUATES IN THE BROADCAST INDUSTRY:
A CASE STUDY
Mark Neil S. Abiera
Lovely Jade B. Erenea
Jexian Khee S. Gastar
Jhunevangel P. Tumbokon
Chapter 1
The Problem
Chapter One is divided into five parts: (1) Background and Theoretical
Framework of the Study; (2) Objectives of the Study; (3) Significance of the Study;
(4) Definition of Terms; and (5) Delimitation of the Study.
Part One, Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study, provides
the background of the study, justifies the need for the study and discusses the
theory used as an anchor of the study.
Part Two, Objectives of the Study, presents the general and specific
objectives of the study.
Part Three, Significance of the Study, presents the benefits derived from the
results of the study.

Iloilo City
Part Four, Definition of Terms, gives the conceptual and operational
definitions of the important terms used in the study.
Part Five, Delimitation of the Study, specifies the scope and coverage of the
study.
Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study
Case study research, through reports of past studies, allows the exploration
and understanding of complex issues. It can be considered a robust research
method particularly when a holistic, in-depth investigation is required. Contextual
analyses, in their actual embodiment, investigate and examine contemporary
genuine wonder through point by point relevant examination of a set number of
occasions or conditions, and their connections, characterizes the case think about
research technique "as an exact request that examines a contemporary marvel
inside its genuine setting; when the limits amongst marvel and setting are definitely
not (Zainal, 2007).
In conducting a case study, researchers do not focus on the discovery of a
universal, generalizable truth, nor do they typically look for cause-effect
relationships; instead, emphasis is placed on exploration and description (Becker et
al., 2012).
There is a great demand for research which is able to build knowledge from
observation of phenomenon within a contextually rich environment. Most

Iloilo City
dissertations and theses rely heavily upon case studies, either for supporting
information or for exposition of the main thesis of the work (Zainal, 2006).
A case study is a unique way of observing any natural phenomenon which
exists in a set of data. By unique, it is meant that only unlike quantitative analysis
which observes patterns in data at the macro level of the phenomena being
observed, case studies observe the data at the micro level (Yin, 2007).
This study focused on presenting cases, specifically the case of non-
communication graduates in the broadcast industry.
Choosing the right career path is becoming more important for young
students today. Students have to take into account many things when choosing a
career and a college major. Many factors can influence a student’s decision,
including parents, coaches, religious figures, or any role models in a student’s life
(Fizer, 2013).
Social factors including the rapidly changing economy of recent years
presents new challenges for the career field. Some occupations have become
obsolete, while new unforeseen occupations have been created. Job descriptions
change so expeditiously that job titles lose any consistency of meaning. Career
information has proliferated and is readily available in multiple formats. Such rapid
change makes it obvious to anyone who is paying attention that predicting the
future with certainty is unlikely. Constant change in the world of work seem to
Iloilo City
invalidate traditional career planning and goal setting (Andersen, et al., 2012).
In the highly-competitive labor market, getting a degree is no longer an
assurance to landing a job, especially with high rates of unemployment and
underemployment staining the economic landscape (Orillaza, 2014).The job skills
mismatch is manifested in hard or technical skills as well as in soft skills referring
mainly to communication, interpersonal management skills, and values formation
(Magsikat, 2016). Job mismatch cases in the Philippines is so common among
today’s workforce, hence, more employees become restless and frustrated with
their current jobs and career paths (Job Mismatch Dilemma – Communicating the
Solution, 2013).
Filipinos are always on the dilemma of how to get stable jobs. Nowadays,
even if someone finished a certain degree, it would never be an assurance of a
spot in the professional world because of the emerging number of graduates with
also the same degree or even different. That is the reason why there is intense
competition out in the real world of finding jobs after graduation (Rusiana, 2013).
According to the former Department of Labor and Employment Secretary
Rosalinda Baldoz, the vacancies are really out there waiting for the qualified job
applicants but the biggest problem is the jobs and skills mismatch. She further said
that Filipinos need to align their education and training systems with the industry
requirements using international benchmarked standards (Mercurio, 2016).

Iloilo City
This situation is prevalent in the case of the broadcast industry in Iloilo City
wherein Armada and Braquis (2009) found that out of 42 respondents working in
the broadcast industry in Iloilo, only 24 are graduates of mass communication,
broadcast communication and other communication related courses working in the
industry. The study presented the current situation of the radio industry by
identifying the degree earned by local AM radio announcers and their other
qualifications. The study also determined the career opportunities in radio, the
needs and its demands not only for those students who were already enrolled in
communication related courses but also for those who wanted to pursue a
profession in media.
In addition, this phenomenon is also eminent in the national television,
some of the famous anchors and correspondents were also non-communication
graduates that are working in the broadcast industry. Alfonso "Atom" Araullo was a
graduate of Bachelor of Science in Applied Physics at the University of the
Philippines before he pursued a career as media practitioner. Another famous name
in the broadcast industry was in the person of Manuel "Noli" De Castro Jr., he was
a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration majoring in Banking
and Finance in the University of the East before he pursued a career in the
broadcast industry (ANC, 2009). Furthermore, Bernadeth Sembrano-Aguinaldo joins
the list together with Ted Failon Etong with their degrees, Bachelor of Arts in
Iloilo City
Economics, and Bachelor of Arts in Business Administration ((Teves, 2009).
The researchers have chosen the case study type of research because it is
the most appropriate method for the study. The researchers wanted to conduct an
in-depth investigation of the occurrence of non-communication graduates in the
broadcast industry.
Upon observation and research of the prevalent situations of employment in
the broadcast industry, the researchers got interested in learning the different
reasons why some non-communication graduates choose a career path in the
broadcast industry. The researchers were intrigued to know why these people are
motivated and committed to their job despite having finished an unrelated degree.
Furthermore, the researchers are interested in the stories of the non-
communication graduates in the broadcast industry because they are concerned
about the number of practitioners who dominate the field despite not having the
appropriate degrees.
The researchers were also interested in adding to the limited knowledge
about non-communication graduates in the broadcast industry. There were
currently limited information about labor mismatches in the broadcast industry at
the University library and in other libraries in Western Visayas.
Finally, the researchers, as communication majors were also currious in
knowing how it is to be a media practitioner with a non-communication degree.

Iloilo City
The researchers are interested in unraveling the different experiences of these
people who are non-communications graduates that are working in media.
This study is anchored on the Social Cognitive Theory of Mass
Communication by Albert Bandura. Social cognitive theory provides an agentic
conceptual framework within which to analyze the determinants and psychosocial
mechanisms through which symbolic communication influences human thought,
affect and action (Bandura, 2001).
The theory assumed that communications systems operate through two
pathways. In the direct pathway, they promote changes by informing, enabling,
motivating, and guiding participants. In the socially mediated pathway, media
influences link participants to social networks and community settings that provide
natural incentives and continued personalized guidance, for desired change. Social
cognitive theory analyzes social diffusion of new styles of behavior in terms of the
psychosocial factors governing their acquisition and adoption and the social
networks through which they spread and are supported. Structural
interconnectedness provides potential diffusion paths; sociocognitive factors largely
determine what diffuses through those paths.
In this study, these non-communication graduates who are currently
working in media have past experiences that motivated them to be where they are.
The previous environmental and social background of the subjects changed the
Iloilo City
10
way they view certain aspects of their own self, like the way they view their
potentials and the way they take advantage of these in order to achieve their goals.
Furthermore, these non-communication graduates acquired the skills essential for
working in media through observation and imitation of their environment
specifically in the field of media. These factors have either motivated or helped the
subjects realize their full potential in communication, and further used this potential
to achieve their goals no matter what their degrees were.
Furthermore, it may be possible that non-communication graduates were
influenced by their behavior, cognitive, some personal factors and
environmental events that motivated them to choose a career path in media. These
factors may have influenced them in assessing their own capabilities and in
developing their full potential in the media.
Objectives of the Study
This study presented the cases of non-communication graduates who are
media practitioners.
Specifically, this study answered the following questions:
(1) What are the educational backgrounds of non-communication graduates
who are currently working as media practitioners?
(2) What are the motivations of non-communication graduates for working

Iloilo City
11
in the broadcast industry?
(3) What are the difficulties encountered by non-communication graduates
(4) How do the non-communication graduates adjust to the environment of
the broadcast industry?
(5) How do the non-communication graduates learn their skills as a media
practitioner?
(6) How do non-communication graduates apply their non-related degrees
into their present work in the broadcast industry?
Significance of the Study
The results of the study are beneficial to the following groups of people in
the following context:
Non-communication graduates who aspire to be media practitioners may be
enlightened about the experiences of non-communication graduates in the
broadcast industry.
Non-communication students who aspire to be media practitioners and have
second thoughts shifting to a communication-related course may be enlightened
about their path to a more appropriate degree before graduation. This may give
them an idea whether a communication-related course is really necessary to be in
the broadcast industry. This may also give them an idea where to start and acquire
Iloilo City
12
all the skills needed to be a media practitioner.
For communication students, this study may provide insight about the
current situations of employment in the broadcast industry and to help them
appreciate their current course in communication.
This study may also be beneficial to those who are teaching mass
communication subjects. The results may become useful inputs in lectures about
non-communication graduates who are working on the broadcast industry as to
how these people survived afterall.
This study may also be beneficial to universities and colleges offering
communication courses. The results may provide insights to curriculum designers
about the different subjects and learnings needed by students who wanted to
thrive in the broadcast industry. They may further realize the need to improve their
curricula in a way that can offer their students an advantage over those who are
not graduates of communication courses and yet are successful in the media
industry.
This study may be beneficial to future researchers who want to explore
studies about labor mismatch especially in the field of communication and media
studies.
Iloilo City
13
Definition of Terms
For purposes of clarity and better understanding of the study, certain
important terms used were defined conceptually and operationally as follows:
Career--refers to a person's progression through a series of jobs over his
lifetime. It also considers one's education and unpaid work experiences, such as
internships and volunteer opportunities (McKay, 2016).
In this study, career referred to the present job of non-communication
graduates as a media practitioner.
Case study--an empirical enquiry that investigate a contemporary
phenomenon in depth and within its real-life context, especially when the
boundaries between phenomenon and context are not clearly evident (Yin, 2009).
In this study, case study referred to the detailed collection and presentation
of information about non-communication graduates who are currently working in
the broadcast industry.
Communication degree--a course that examines and analyzes many forms
of mass media, and even more importantly, equips one to gain successful work in
this continuously evolving field (Texas State University, 2016).
In this study, communication degree referred to the degree not taken by
non-communication graduates that are currently working in the broadcast industry.
Graduate--a person who has earned a degree or diploma from a school,

Iloilo City
14
college or university (Merriam-Webster Online, 2017).
In this study, graduate referred to non-communication graduates who are in
the broadcast industry as were chosen as subject of the study.
Broadcast industry--can be defined as a varied collection of organizations
that share the production, publication and distribution of media texts. (BBC
Industries Overview, 2017).
In this study, broadcast industry referred to the current employer or a
business firm who runs either radio or television where the subjects were currently
working as media practitioners.
Delimitation of the Study
The study employed the descriptive type of research. Specifically, a case
study was utilized by the researchers.
The subjects were five non-communication graduates who are currently
working in the broadcast industry.
The study was conducted at West Visayas State University College of
Communication, La Paz, Iloilo City in the second semester of Academic Year 2017-
2018.
Iloilo City
15
The data were obtained through an in-depth individual, voice recorded
interview by the researchers with the subjects with the aid of an Interview
Schedule.
The researchers used the qualitative means in analyzing data.

Iloilo City
16
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
Chapter Two consist of two parts: (1) Case Studies, and (2) Labor
Mismatch.
Part One, Case Studies, discusses conceptual literature and related studies
about case studies.
Part Two, Labor Mismatch, discusses conceptual literature and related
studies on labor mismatch.
Case Studies
Case studies are one of the ways in order to deeply understand a situation
or a circumstance. This type of study has been existent for a long time, yet
many are still choosing to discover things through this method. Over the years,
case studies has been defined and improved to further support its reliability.
There are many definition of case studies, some of them are stated below:
According to Becker and his colleagues (2012), a case study refers to the
collection and presentation of detailed information about a particular participant or
small group, frequently including the accounts of subjects themselves. A form of
qualitative descriptive research, the case study looks intensely at an individual or
small participant pool, drawing conclusions only about that participant or group and
Iloilo City
17
only in that specific context.
Furthermore, a case study is an in-depth investigation starting with
numerous perspectives of the multifaceted nature. It can view the uniqueness of a
specific project, a policy, institution, or a project that alternately framework to a
real life situation (Simons, 2009).
In addition, according to Yin (2009), a case study is a unique way of
observing any natural phenomenon which exists in a set of data. Unlike quantitative
analysis which observes patterns in data at the macro level of the phenomena
being observed, case studies observe the data at the micro level.
Case study method is indexed in many introductory research textbooks and
is often taught in qualitative research methods courses that discuss a variety of
methods. Using step-wise approach researchers will learn how to design studies,
generate data, analyze and interpret the data and disseminate findings. The
teacher creates a teaching and learning environment to meet those outcomes
(Zucker, 2009).
According to Stake (2011), a case study is both the product of learning
about the case and the product of one’s learning. Contextual investigations might
be drawn nearer in various ways contingent upon the epistemological angle of the
analyst, that is, regardless of whether they take a basic (addressing one's own and
others' presumptions), interpretivist (attempting to comprehend individual and

Iloilo City
18
shared social implications) or positivist approach (orientating towards the criteria of
normal sciences, for example, concentrating on generalizability contemplations).
A case study is a research method that relies on a single case rather than a
population or sample. When researchers focus on a single case, they can make
detailed observations over a long period of time, something that cannot be done
with large samples without costing a lot of money. Case studies are also useful in
the early stages of research when the goal is to explore ideas, test and perfect
measurement instruments, and to prepare for a larger study (Crossman, 2017).
A case study is a kind of research that uses methods such as participants’
observation that results to narrative or descriptive account. It is also interested in
the understanding of the meaning of people that is constructed on how they make
sense of their world and their experiences in the world (Parkinson and Drislane,
2011).
Case study is a method that locates the observer or the subject, it consists
of interpretive material such as representations, including field notes, interviews,
conversations, photographs, recordings, and memos. It is a method of research
that study things in their natural settings or interpret phenomena in terms of
meaning people bring to them (Denzin & Lincoln, 2005).
Furthermore, case study research, through reports of past studies, allows
the exploration and understanding of complex issues. It can be considered a robust

Iloilo City
19
research method particularly when a holistic, in-depth investigation is required.
Contextual analyses, in their actual embodiment, investigate and examine
contemporary genuine wonder through point by point relevant examination of a set
number of occasions or conditions, and their connections, characterizes the case.
One has to think about the research technique as an exact request that examines a
contemporary marvel inside its genuine setting; when the limits amongst marvel
and setting are definitely not (Zainal, 2007).
A case study can be characterized in an assortment of ways, the focal
principle being the need to investigate an occasion or marvel top to bottom and in
its regular setting. It is for this reason now and then alluded to as a "naturalistic"
plan; this is as opposed to an "exploratory" outline in which the specialist tries to
apply control over and control the variable(s) of intrigue (Crowe, et al, 2011).
Case studies have various advantages, in that they present data of real-life
situations and they provide better insights into the detailed behaviours of the
subjects of interest which may not be captured through experimental or survey
research. There is a great demand for research which is able to build knowledge
from observation of phenomenon within a contextually rich environment. Most
dissertations and theses rely heavily upon case studies, either for supporting
information or for exposition of the main thesis of the work (Zainal, 2006).
In conducting a case study, researchers do not focus on the discovery of a

Iloilo City
20
universal, generalizable truth, nor do they typically look for cause-effect
relationships; instead, emphasis is placed on exploration and description (Becker et
al., 2012).
Case studies closely resemble naturalistic observations, as they focus on
understanding behaviours in a natural context. But a great deal of caution needs to
be exercised when researching. Try to generalize information from case studies,
this method has some limitations. First of all, case studies suffer from problems of
reliability and validity, because people interviewed may overemphasize certain
selected aspects of behaviour while ignoring others. The unique experiences that
are prone to arouse feelings of shame and guilt may not be easily accessed. A
researcher conducting a case study may examine the reading processes of only one
subject over a period of time (Yin, 2007).
Recognized as a tool in many social science studies, the role of case study
method in research becomes more prominent and widely important when it comes
to “key issues” (Gulsecen & Kubat, 2006).
Various studies were reviewed to further add information about case
studies.
A study conducted by Etino, et al., (2015) entitled, Journalism Graduates as
Teachers: A Case Study aimed to present the career of journalism graduates who
became teachers. A descriptive type of research specifically, a case study was the
Iloilo City
21
method used by the researchers in analyzing the data. The sampling procedure of
the study was purposive. The informants of the study were ten journalism
graduates who became teachers. The researchers used an interview schedule
which contained questions related to journalism graduates who became teachers.
The following findings were highlighted from the study: (1) there were five major
reasons behind the decisions of the participants to venture into teaching. (2) The
skills in the journalistic writing, skills in communicating coherently, skills of being an
investigative person were the skills that were advantageous to the journalism
graduates. (3) Journalism graduates who were not trained or lack training in the
area of teaching, encountered some challenges in their careers like dealing with the
different behavior such as uncooperative parents and students and etc. And (4)
participants agreed that one must equip oneself if one opt to venture in a teaching
career but one must have an experience first in the field. In addition, one must also
have the determination and the perseverance in looking for a job. In conclusion,
there are a lot of factors that pushed this journalism graduates to become teachers.
These factors does not come out of personal reasons but more on situations that
have occurred externally.
A descriptive study conducted by Batacandulo, et al., (2013) entitled,
Journalism Graduates as Call Center Agents: A Case Study was conducted to
determine the reasons and motivations why journalism graduates choose to

Iloilo City
22
become call center agents instead of pursuing career in journalism. The descriptive
method of research, specifically a case study method, was utilized by the
researchers. The participants were five purposively chosen journalism graduates
who are call center agents. The researcher conducted the study from June 2012 to
March 2013 in Iloilo City. An interview schedule was used to gather data for the
study. The findings of the study revealed that the primary reasons why journalism
graduates choose to become a call center agents were: a) personal b) financial
problems. The results revealed that the journalism graduates want to get a job
right after they graduate in order to help and support their families, and that their
main motivation to work as call center agent is in the high salary. In conclusion,
journalism as major offers a diverse field of knowledge that can be used in any
communication related job. In the study, the participants were able to apply the
skills and knowledge learned in journalism, specifically written and oral
communication skills, in call center work.
Another study conducted by Lacrite (2011) entitled, Blogging: A Story of an
Ilonggo Journalism-Blogger, presented the story of an Ilonggo journalist-blogger.
The study employed the descriptive method of research. The participant of the
study was a local female journalist who was purposively chosen from among the
journalist bloggers in Iloilo City. The researcher constructed an interview guide
accompanied by a personal profile sheet for the purpose of the study. The findings
Iloilo City
23
of the study revealed that the journalist-blogger has been in the field of blogging
since 2007. Furthermore, the journalist-blogger finds blogging as the easiest way to
write and very convenient in terms of business. The journalism-blogger strictly
follows the rules and code of ethics in journalism in writing news. The study
concluded that are a lot of challenges when working as a blogger but it is important
to follow the code of ethics in Journalism. Furthermore. There are a lot of
opportunities in blogging especially on the field of business, where the subject has
met a lot of clients. Lastly, blogging was considered to an alternative or in other
terms a citizenship journalism in which it does not require a person to learn on how
to make and manipulated a blog. A blog can be owned by everybody, even
someone who is not communication major, but is a work that requires a strong
background in communication.
Labor Mismatch
The phenomenon of job mismatch can be viewed in three dimensions;
education job mismatch, qualification-job mismatch and field of study and job
mismatch. Education-job mismatch compares the acquired education by a worker
with that required by his/her current job (Farooq, 2011).
Mismatch by this definition is seen as a case of over-qualification; under
qualification is not as problematic, as firms are entitled in a free market to gamble
on the productivity of any under-qualified employees (Gacott, et.al, 2010).

Iloilo City
24
Labor mismatch impacts the economy in such a way that the time spent
pursuing a particular course in college becomes a futile exercise for the student and
brings about an oversupply of talents to a certain profession, said Alvin Ng,
economist at University of Santo Tomas (Orillaza, 2014).
The 2014 report of the Global Agenda Council on Employment identifies
different forms of skills mismatch. These include skills shortage, where demand for
a skill exceeds the supply of people with that skill; qualification mismatch, where
the level of qualification is different from that required to perform the job
adequately; and skill gap, wherein the type of skills is different from that required
to perform the job adequately (Elemia, 2016).
In a news article published by Mercurio (2016), former Department of Labor
and Employment Secretary Rosalinda Baldoz said that jobs and skills mismatch was
considered a big problem amidst the vacancies that are waiting for the qualified job
applicants; Filipinos are using international benchmarked standards in order to align
their education and training systems with the industry requirements.
Former Trade Union Congress of the Philippines spokesperson Alan
Tanjusay (2016) said that job-skills mismatch crisis in the country has been
ongoing and it continues to grow. Furthermore he added that competition is getting
higher so employers are putting additional qualifications into the job descriptions.
According to Chanco (2015), one can clearly see a horrible mismatch

Iloilo City
25
between the education our young people get and available jobs. A college diploma,
at least the Philippine variety, is not worth the investment for a good number of our
people. The family carabao was sold for nothing. The family got into debt with the
5/6 usurers for nothing. Hopes and dreams for a better life quashed.
In the highly-competitive labor market, getting a degree is no longer an
assurance to landing a job, especially with high rates of unemployment and
Under employment staining the economic landscape (Orillaza, 2014).
In recent decades, concerns regarding upwards occupational mismatch in
developed economies have been increasing, yet no consensus has been reached on
how to conceptualize and measure this phenomenon (Flisi, et.al, 2016).
An estimate of 1.2 million students who graduated last April from college
and finished vocation courses will find it difficult to land jobs because of a growing
mismatch between their training and the skills required by most employers,
according to the Associated Labor Unions-Trade Union Congress of the Philippines
(ALU-TUCP). Aside from job-skill mismatch, new graduates are also faced with low
wages, short-term contractualized work and unsafe workplaces. (Depasupil, 2017).
In addition, jobs and skills mismatch was also iminent in the broadcast
industry. According to the study of Armada and Braquis (2009), in Iloilo, out of 42
respondents working in the broadcast industry, only 24 were graduates of a
communication-related course. Furthermore, on the national television, famous

Iloilo City
26
personalities such as Alfonso “Atom” Araullo and Noli De Castro, were just a few
out of the many non-communication graduates who are currently working in the
broadcast industry (ANC, 2009).
Edmir Gutierrez Capuno, who received a bachelor's degree in
communication arts from the University of Santo Tomas in Manila, planned to apply
for a job that is relevant to communication where one can be comfortable and
happy to perform it. Edmir also hopes to be a news reporter. The fresh graduate
confidently said that the university taught all of the skills and values needed in
facing the real world. Capuno further added that employment would not be that
far. The problem is that there is really no choice for the students in finding a job,
numbering around 700,000, who graduated last April 2014 (Torres, et al., 2014).
A bachelor’s degree does not come with guarantees. Even among college
graduates, the jobless rate is significantly higher than it was during the boom
years. The market is tougher for those fresh out of school than for those with more
experience. An analysis by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York found that the
unemployment rate for recent graduates is just over 5 percent, compared with 2.7
percent for college graduates as a whole. The rate of underemployment, or people
working in jobs below their skill level, fell substantially over the past year but still
stands at about 45 percent (Mui, 2015).
The problem of jobs mismatch, Joel Villanueva said, could be addressed by

Iloilo City
27
partnering with industry associations strengthening enterprise-based training, and
expanding technical vocational education and training, among others (Elemia,
2016).
Educational investments were made with the expectation that the acquired
skills and knowledge was applied on the labor market. Matching education and
occupations lead to lower unemployment and vacancy rates and higher productivity
and wages, but several imperfections of the labor market hinder the matching
process (Humal, 2013).
Great careers don't happen by accident. Truly satisfying careers are the
reward of talent, hard work, a bit of luck, and a strategy carefully managed and put
to work (Cousin, 2015).
Various researches were reviewed to further add information and
knowledge about job mismatch.
A study of Prisca (2016) entitled, Education-Job Mismatch Among University
Graduates in Cameroon described the perceptions and experiences of
humanities graduates on the issue of education-job mismatch and how being in
mismatched jobs has affected them. The study made use of the descriptive type of
research, specifically, a case study. The study made use of in-depth interviews to
examine the issue of education-job mismatch among these graduates. The
participants are selected humanities graduates of Cameroon. Results showed that

Iloilo City
28
the experiences shared by the participants indicated that they chose to pursue
higher education and particular fields of study with the expectation of securing a
job equivalent to that level of education and one that makes use of the knowledge
they have acquired through school. However, their labor market experiences and
the jobs they secured upon graduation indicated a gap between their expectations
and the realities they were facing. Education-job mismatched was construed as one
that is embedded in the weak and stagnating economy which stifled job creation,
excess supply of graduates in the labor market, outdated curriculum and the
disconnect between the universities and the labor market. The study concluded
that being mismatched resulted to poor and irregular income, job dissatisfaction,
lack of a dignified social status and career identity, and the inability to make long
term plans.
Another study of Markova (2016) entitled, The Positive effects of Education-
Occupation mismatch on the careers of highly educated young people, described
the forms, distribution and the impact of education-occupation mismatch on the
career of young educated people. The study employed a descriptive type of
research, specifically a survey was conducted. The participants of the study were
higher education graduates five years after graduation, from fifteen countries,
counting fourteen European countries and Japan. A questionnaire was used to
collect data. Results showed that mismatched graduates have lower earnings and
Iloilo City
29
lower job satisfaction in comparison with occupationally matched persons. Those
who work in a position requiring a different level of education, have 4% lower
wages than well-matched graduates. Those who work in a field different from the
qualification appear to earn approximately 5% less than well-matched workers. For
illustration, the return to work experience is approximately 14% for each year (the
estimate on age). So the penalty of mismatch is comparable to the difference of 3
years of working experience. Similarly the level of satisfaction is significantly lower
for mismatched graduates than for matched ones. Thus the education-occupation
mismatch has a strong negative effect on graduates’ well-being in their early
career. The study concluded that that the occupational mismatch negatively
influences graduates’ early career.
Finally, in a study by Farooq (2011) entitled, Mismatch Between Education
and Occupation: A Case Study of Pakistani Graduates described the estimate of
incidences of job mismatch in Pakistan. The study employed a descriptive type of
research, specifically, a survey was conducted. The participants of the study were
employed graduates working in the formal sector who hold fourteen and above
year education, named as employed graduates. The proportional stratified random
sampling technique was adopted in the study. This study has measured the
education-job mismatch by three approaches which are job analyst (JA) method,
worker self-assessment (WSA) method and realized match (RM) method and found
Iloilo City
30
that about one third of the graduates are facing education-job mismatch. Results
showed that more than one-fourth of the graduates are mismatched in
qualification, about half of them are over-qualified and the half are under-qualified.
The analysis also shows that 11.3 percent of the graduates have irrelevant and
13.8 percent have slightly relevant jobs to their studied field of disciplines. The
study concluded that women are more likely than men to be mismatched in field of
study.
Iloilo City
31
Chapter 3
Research Design and Methodology
Chapter Three is composed of five parts (1) Purpose of the Study and
Research Design, (2) Subjects, (3) Instrument, (4) Procedure, and (5) Data
Analysis.
Part One, Purpose of the Study and Research Design, presents the purpose
of the study and describes the design used in the study.
Part Two, Subjects, describes the subjects who were involved in the study
and the means of determining them.
Part Three, Instruments, describes the instruments that were utilized by the
researchers in the conduct of the study.
Part Four, Procedure, presents the steps that were undertaken by the
researchers beginning from the conceptualization of the study until the approval of
the thesis.
Part Five, Data Analysis, states how the data gathered were analyzed to
establish the results of the study.
Purpose of the Study and Research Design

Iloilo City
32
The study employed the descriptive type of research, specifically, a case
study type of research. Descriptive research is the method of gathering information
about prevailing conditions or situations for the purpose of description and
interpretation (Salaria, 2012).
A case study refers to the collection and presentation of detailed
information about a particular participant or small group, frequently including the
accounts of subjects themselves. A form of qualitative descriptive research, the
case study looks intensely at an individual or small participant pool, drawing
conclusions only about that participant or group and only in that specific context
(Becker, et.,al, 2012).
In this study, the researchers described the cases of five non-
communication graduates working in the broadcast industry, specifically, their
educational backgrounds, motivations in work, difficulties they encounter in the
broadcast industry, how they adjusted to the environment of the broadcast
industry, how they acquired and learned their skills as media practitioners, and how
they applied or integrated their non-related degrees in to their present work in the
broadcast industry.

Iloilo City
33
Communication, La Paz, Iloilo City during the second semester of Academic Year
2017-2018.
The data were obtained through an in-depth individual, voice recorded
interview by researchers with the subjects through the aid of an Interview
Schedule.
The researchers used the qualitative means of analyzing data.
Subject
The subjects of the study were the five non-communications graduates who
are currently working as broadcast media practitioners.
The subjects were chosen based on the following criteria: (1) a non-
communication graduate who has been working in a radio or television station,
(2) with at least three years of experience in the broadcast broadcast industry,
(3) having a high position in the station he or she is working with, or have won at
least one award as a broadcast media practitioner.
Subject 1 was a Political Science graduate working as an Iloilo City Hall beat
reporter in Bombo Radyo Iloilo.
Subject 2 was a Political Science graduate working as a News Operation
Specialist in ABS-CBN Iloilo.
Subject 3 was a Literature graduate working as Field Reporter in Bombo
Radyo Iloilo.
Iloilo City
34
Subject 4 was a Political Science graduate working as an Area manager of
Bombo Radyo Visayas.
Subject 5 was a Criminology graduate working as a Senior Anchorman in
Aksyon Radyo Iloilo.
Instrument
The researchers used an Interview Schedule as a tool for data gathering.
The Interview Schedule contained questions based on the objectives of the study.
The prepared Interview Schedule was divided into two parts: Part I was a
personal data sheet which included the subjects’ summary of information noted by
the researchers such as: educational attainment, age, sex, inclusive years in the
broadcast industry, and current position; and, Part II was the questionnaire which
included specific questions that aligned to the objectives of the study.
The semi-structured questions served as a guide during the in-depth
interviews.
The Interview Schedule was submitted to the thesis adviser for
improvement, after which it was submitted for validation by experts in the field of
media management, research, and language.
Procedure
The researchers have gone through various steps to complete the

Iloilo City
35
descriptive study.
First, the researchers specifically identified and discussed the different
issues in the field mass communications in order to come up with the specific
problem worthy for a thesis study.
Second, the researchers submitted three different topics and underwent a
title defense. The panel then suggested their theisis title, Non-communication
Graduates in Broadcast Industry: A Case Study, which was approved.
Next, an adviser was assigned to the group.
Then, the researchers began drafting the required pages for the proposal
defense. The researchers went to several university libraries to gather all the
required data for the thesis proposal. The preliminary pages underwent several
revisions before the adviser appoved it for the proposal defense.
The researchers underwent a proposal defense. The panel deliberated the
content of the thesis proposal. The panel gave several suggestions before
approving the study.
Next, after the thesis proposal was approved, the researchers incorporated
all the suggestions given by the panel.
Then, the researchers prepared the evaluation sheet together with the
Interview Schedule and was evaluated by a panel of validators from language,
research, and communication. The instrument underwent several revisions before it

Iloilo City
36
was approved by the adviser.
After the validation, researchers looked for five non-communication
graduates who are currently working in the broadcast industry. Then, the
researchers began conducting the study.
A formal letter was written to the respective subjects before an interview
was done. With the acceptance of the subjects and agreement on their availability,
the researchers conducted the taped-recorded interviews.
The taped recorded interview was transcribed and analyzed by the
researchers. The researchers then prepared the answers for the objectives of the
study in narrative form and prepared the final draft.
The final draft for the thesis underwent several corrections before it was
approved by the adviser for the final defense.
After the final the defense, the researchers incorporated all the suggestions
given by the panel. The final draft underwent several corrections before it was
indorsed by the adviser for checking of the division chair.
Upon polishing of the whole thesis, the study was endorsed by the division
chair to the dean for binding. The thesis was approved by the dean and was ready
for binding.
Data Analysis
Descriptive qualitative data analysis was utilized in the study.

Iloilo City
37
The researchers transcribed the tape-recorded interviews.
The transcription was carefully analyzed and summarized. The recordings,
notes and related researches taken before, during, and after the scheduled
interview were consolidated and verified to further support the study.
The data were presented in narrative form based on or as required by the
objectives of the study.

Iloilo City
38
Chapter 4
Results
Chapter Four consists of six parts: (1) Educational Backgrounds of Non-
Communication Graduates in the Broadcast Industry; (2) Motivations of Non-
Communication Graduates in the Broadcast Industry; (3) Difficulties Encountered
by Non-Communication Graduates in the Broadcast Industry; (4) Adjustments of
Non-Communication Graduates to the Environment of the Broadcast Industry; (5)
Learning Ways of Non-Communication Graduates as Media Practitioner; (6) Non-
Communication Graduates’ Application of Non-related Degrees in the Broadcast
Industry.
Part One, Educational Backgrounds of Non-Communication Graduates in the
Broadcast Industry, contains a brief description about the educational background
of the subjects, and their current job as a non-communication graduate working in
the media based on their acoomplished persanal data sheet on the interview
schedule.
Part Two, Motivations of Non-Communication Graduates in the Broadcast
Industry, describes the motivational factors that have influenced the subjects in
choosing a career in the media.
Part Three, Difficulties Encountered by Non-Communication Graduates in

Iloilo City
39
the Broadcast Industry, discusses the specific challenges and adversities that the
subjects have encountered while working in the broadcast industry.
Part Four, Adjustments of Non-Communication Graduates to the
Environment of the Broadcast Industry, discusses how the subjects coped with the
challenges and adversities that they have faced while on the broadcast industry.
Part Five, Learning Ways of Non-Communication Graduates as Media
Practitioners, retraces the different learning activities and personal improvements
the subjects have undergone to master their skills as a media practitioner.
Part Six, Non-Communication Graduates’ Application of Non-related Degrees
in the Broadcast Industry, discusses the application of the subject’s non-
communication degrees onto their present work in the broadcast industry.
Educational Backgrounds of Non-Communication Graduates in the Broadcast
Industry
The non-communication graduates who are working in the broadcast
industry who were involved in the study came from different fields of education,
specifically, they came from the unrelated fields of political sciences, criminology,
and literature. Amidst the differences in education, they all agree to end up in one
field, a field that according to them is their true passion—the broadcast industry.
Subject 1, is a 30 year-old graduate of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science.

Iloilo City
40
She is a media practitioner for almost 8 years and is currently working as the Iloilo
City Beat Reporter in Bombo Radyo Iloilo.
Reporter one sang Bombo Radyo since 2009, nagsulod as reporter sa
Bombo Radyo until subong mga eight or more than eight years na nga
reporter sang Bombo Radyo. Currently, Iloilo City Hall beat reporter
sang Bombo Radyo for four years na kag amo lang na.
(I’m a reporter of Bombo Radyo since 2009, entered as a reporter of
Bombo Radyo and right now a reporter for almost eight or more than
eight years in Bombo Radyo. Currently, Iloilo City Hall beat reporter of
Bombo Radyo for four years and that’s it.)
Subject 2, is a 31 year-old graduate of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science
from Central Philippine University. He is a media practitioner for 9 years and is
currently working as a News Operations Specialist at ABS-CBN Iloilo.
I am a graduate of AB Political Science, 31 … siguro madumduman ko
mga -2009, asta subong mga, manug nine years na
guro…a, reporter, TV reporter pero ang tawag gid sa amon is, sa
company, news operations specialist.
(I am a graduate of AB Political Science, 31 … as long as I can
remember from 2009, until now, it is already nine years… a reporter,
TV reporter but we call it here in the company as a news operations

Iloilo City
41
specialist.)
Subject 3, is a 30 year-old graduate of Bachelor of Arts in Literature from
University of the Philippines Visayas. A media practitioner for ten years and is
currently working as a reporter in Bombo Radyo Iloilo.
I’m thirty years old, and I live in San Miguel, Jordan, Guimaras. I
graduated elementary sa San Miguel Central School and high school,
Jordan National High School. College, University of the Philippines
Visayas, Miag-ao campus, BA literature para mas tunog, BA literature
ang akon kurso under sa humanities division.
(I’m thirty years-old, and I live in San Miguel, Jordan, Guimaras. I
graduated elementary from San Miguel Central School and high school
from Jordan National High School. College, University of the Philippine
Visayas, Miag-ao Campus, BA Literature to make it louder, my course is
BA Literature which is under the Humanities Division.)
Subject 4, is a 48 year-old graduate of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science.
A media practitioner for 28 years already and currently the Area Manager of Bombo
Radyo for Visayas;
I’m presently the Area Manager of Bombo Radyo Visayas, under me,
under my supervision are Bombo stations such as Bombo Tacloban,
Cebu, Roxas, Kalibo, Iloilo, and Bacolod and I’m based here at Bombo
Iloilo City
42
Radyo Iloilo. So I’m with Bombo Radyo for 28 years… I’m a Political, I
was, I graduated in the course of political science.
Subject 5, is a 45 year-old graduate of Bachelor of Science in Criminology at
the University of Iloilo. A media practitioner for 24 years and currently working as
an anchorman in Aksyon Radyo Iloilo.
High School ako nagsulod sa radyo, mga 1992. Nageskwela ako sa
college sige ubra ko sa radyo, pero ang course nga ginkuha ko is
criminology.
(I started my career in radio in 1992. I studied college while working in
The radio, but the course that I have taken is criminology. )
It appeard that the three courses were taken by the subjects namely:
Bachelor of Arts in Literature, Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, and Bachelor of
Science in Criminology. Though these courses were unrelated to the field of the
broadcast industry, the five subjects managed to survive and continued their
passion in the broadcast industry. They have found their place in the broadcast
industry and all of them are known in their field.
Motivations of Non-Communication Graduates in the Broadcast Industry
Motivations are a great part of achieving a goal as it drives an individual to
achieve a specific objective in life. Motivations has also played a great part in the
Iloilo City
43
lives of the non-communications graduate in pushing for a career in the broadcast
industry. A great part of their motivation came from their strong passion in
dreaming to be a media practitioner and their families. The benefits and the fame
attained in working in the broadcast industry were also considered as one of the
motivational factors that have urged them to be in the broadcast industry right
now.
For Subject 1, aiming to help and disseminate the right and truthful
information to Ilonggos was her greatest motivation. Her main objective in working
as a media practitioner is to help and give public service to everyone as she said:
Motivations ko, akon nga ubra as a reporter. Makabulig sa ano, sa mga
tawo. Makabulig through sa paghatag sang information and bisan ano,
bisan kung kaisa sa amon life nga hindi namon kaya and for the sake
nga makabulig ka, makaya mo. Amo na gani hambal nila nga kung sa
iban nga balita kaya namon magsolve pero sa personal nga balita or
within sa family namon hindi namon masolve. Mga amo na bala. So
more, sa public sa public service gid ya.
(My motivations, my work as a reporter. To help the people. Helping
through giving information and sometimes in our life even if we can’t,
but for the sake of helping, we can. As what they have said that we ca
solve other news but we can’t help out solve our own personal news.
Iloilo City
44
So, it is more on public service.)
On the other hand, Subject 2 considers himself as channel of information.
He was motivated in working because he serves as an instrument that is used by
people to get the truthful and factual information. Subject 2 said:
Gina consider ko ang self ko as a channel of information and whatever
information nga dapat ko e-share not only sa platform sa TV no or sa
news, dapat kabalo ko sang ginasugid ko, bisan indi ko naga ubra,
bisan mamangkot lang ang tawo sa akon nga sir, ano opinion mo sa
amo sini, ay tuod ni nga amo ni ang mga factors nga- a nga, for
example bi nga-a nga nagtaas ang mga tax ta? Ano ang imo
information dira? Kuha-an ka nila opinyon so dapat I’m always
prepared not only nga inside the news room or sa platform nga dira ko
naga work but also outside. So amo na ang naga motivate sa akon nga
ay dapat gali e-take seriously ko ning role ko.
(I can consider myself as a channel of information and whatever
information that I should share not only in the television platform or in
the news, I should know what I am telling. Even though I am not at
work, even if it is just questions from the people around, like sir, what
is your opinion on this matter, really, what are factors why like for
example why our taxes were raised. What are my information with
Iloilo City
45
regards to that? They will get opinion so I’m prepared not only in the
news room or the platform that I work but also outside. Those things
motivate me, and in taking my job seriously.)
Subject 3, takes the job in the broadcast industry as a high end job where
everyone dreams to be in but only few are chosen. He finds fulfillment when his
family members can hear him in the radio especially his mother who always
complements his good voice in the radio. According to Subject 3:
Kumbaga ginakabig ko bi ang work ko sa radio as radio broadcaster
nga, damu sang naga dream man mu nga mangin broadcaster but very
few ang ginahatagan sang chance bala nga mabatun damu kamu ang
naga apply and then isa ikaw sa mabatun mapasaran mo ang
psychological exam then makasulod ikaw, and lain ang fulfillment abi
kung ara ka sa radio kay kung mabatian ikaw sang relatives mo, bisan
family mo lang mabatian mo si mama mo “baw kanami sa imo
magreport kanami sang imo tingog.
(I consider my work in the radio as a radio broadcaster as a job where
many dreamed to be a broadcaster but very few are given the chance
to be hired. There are a lot of applicants and then you are one of the
chosen, then you passed the psychological exam then you are hired,
and the fulfillment is different when you are working in the radio like
Iloilo City
46
when you are heard by your relatives, even your own family you can
hear your mother saying, you have a good report and your voice is
very good.)
Subject 4, has a more different motivation, aside from giving the right
information, Subject 4 also considers meeting a lot of people in the journey,
wherein Subject 4 was considered as one of the resorts when people have
problems. Subject 4 finds motivation when people adores him and looks up to him,
with these accounts:
Well sa personal motivation is that nga you meet different people,
different kinds of people, and then they look at you, they look up at
you nga daw ikaw ang dalangpan sang ano sang problema nila, and its
ka ano man no? ka satisfying man no?nga where in kay ti upon
presentation man no ka what they need, what they wanted, once nga
makabulig ka may ano man may self-gratification man and may self-
fulfillment ka man no kay its because eventually you are also happy
and being reward, daw may reward ka man kay ti its because nga out
of that help nga naextend nimo na gapasalamat sa imo, it’s a different
ano no, nga feeling, and then the people nga ano nga naga-adore sa
imo kag who believes in you it is because nga ti everytime you go on
air, they have something to look in to and to look up to “gusto ko si

Iloilo City
47
amo ni si bombo amo ni” so daw amo na naging motivation ko man na
as long as once you go on air there people nga may expectations sa
imo as a broadcaster, as a journalist, especially ari diri sa Bombo.
(Well the personal motivation is that you meet different people,
different kinds of people, and then they look at you, they look up at
you like you are the resorts of their problem and it is satisfying, where
in upon your presentation you know what they need, what they
wanted, once you helped them you get self-gratification and self-
fulfillment because eventually you are also happy and being rewarded
it is because out of the help that you have extended, someone gratifies
that and it is a different feeling, and then the people adore you and
believes in you it is because every time you go on air, they have
something to look in to and look up to, " I like this person, this Bombo
guy," it became my motivation. As long as and once you go on air,
there are people who have expectations to you as a broadcaster, a
journalist, especially here in Bombo.)
Like other non-communication graduates working in the broadcast industry,
Subject 5 also considers passion as a number one motivation in pushing his career
in the broadcast industry. He considers public service as his top priority with the
fulling response:
Iloilo City
48
Ah ti syempre number one kinahanglanon mo man mabuhi so number
one sweldo, so number two public service pro kung imo lantawon daw
ika-duha na lang gani ang kwarta kay number one gid ang public
service kay gamay ang sweldo sang media sa tuod-tuod lang bal an
nyo man na gamay ang sweldo sang media pero kay galing sa dugo
guro sang media eh hmm daw passion mo bala nga kag mabal an mo
bala nga kung isa sa isa ka tawo ang dugo ya bala ara sa media kay
once makakita sang mga gamay lang bala nga may public interest
gakadto gid na sila dayun ginagaan gid ya na importansya basta bala
an ya may public interest so amo na sya ang isa sa nagapabilin sa akon
kag bisan indi lang sa akon bisan sa mga upod ko.
(Of course, you need to live, so number one is the salary, and number
two is public service but if you would look deeply, salary is the second
because public service would be number one because the salary for
media personnel are really small but if media is in your blood, it is
more of a passion. You know someone when his blood is in the media
because even the smallest thing with public interest, they go there and
give that small thing an importance. Things with public interests leaves
a mark not only in me but also with my colleagues.)
The motivation of these media practitioners are their will to help other
Iloilo City
49
people, the feeling of contentment every time they give the right information to the
public, and the happiness felt by their loved ones whenever they listened to the
radio.
Difficulties Encountered by Non-Communication Graduates in the Broadcast
Industry
Difficulties are experienced by everyone, in all aspects of life, in family,
friends and workplace especially if one’s work is not related to the course taken.
Pressure and time management are common difficulties the subjects have
encountered while working in the broadcast industry. Managing the time for the
family and work plus the pressure of the boss is really a big challenge for them.
Subject 1 with eight years of experience in broadcast industry, encountered
difficulties such as pressure in the workplace and the pressure of getting the news.
Time management is also difficult for her because of a need to balance her time for
her family and her work. Sometimes she can’t attend to the needs of her family
because of her work in media. According to the narration:
Damo guid, kung kaisa mga hindi mo makuhan ang balita, may mga
gina-akigan kaman kundi pressure ka man sa mga office mo , sa mga
officers mo. May ara pagid nga need ka sang family mo hindi mo
makadtuan or hindi mo process ang amo na kay bangud ara ka sa
work hindi ka ka-absent.

Iloilo City
50
(There are many, sometimes when you can’t get the news, you are
scolded, so you are pressured in the office and on your officers. There
are times also that your family needs you but you can’t go and process
it because you are on your work and you can’t absent.)
Time management is also a problem for Subject 2 because he needs to
cope with their SOP (Standard Operating Procedure). The pressure of delivering the
news first is always a challenge for him, so he needs to manage his time to have
accurate information, to compete with their competitors.
Difficulties, siguro a number one gid is ahh time management kay as a
reporter as an informer ahh we have what we called this ining sop we
have to break sang news bisan nga premature pa kung kis-a no? E
flash report mo gid kulang ka sa information but ahh tungod sang
competition dapat dasig ka gid so speed, accuracy, ang accuracy of
information indi mo na dapat nga palagpatan mo lang so daw dira
siguro ang time management daw isa, isa sa mga challenge gid nga
daw mabudlay kung bag uhan kaw nga indi mo ma manage.
(Difficulties? Maybe the number one is time management because as a
reporter as an informer we have what we called this SOP, we have to
break the news even though sometimes it’s a premature right? You
have to flash report it though you are lack of information but because
Iloilo City
51
of competition you should have speed, so speed, accuracy the
accuracy of information you should not give false statement so there
maybe the time management maybe one of the challenges that is hard
especially when you are neophyte and you can’t manage.)
Unlike the first two subjects, Subject 3 has difficulty everytime he is in the
field as a field reporter, according to him, in the field one needs to be aggressive
and competitive. Problems with confidence is also a great difficulty for him as he is
not confident enough in speaking, Subject 3 said:
Pinakanabudlayan ko gid kung ara ko sa field at first phase sang akon
nga ano ahh akon nga employment diri as a field reporter kinahanglan
kung una arisgado ikaw aggressive ikaw indi ikaw maghuya huya,
kinahanglan ano ikaw naga compete gid ikaw, huo especially kun may
ara iban nga reporters bala halin sa iban nga station indi nga dapat
ano ikaw nga pabay an mo sila nga sila ang mauna as much as
possible unahan mo sila, and then ari, isa sang nag start ko, medyo
interesting ni siyasang nagstart ko sa bombo lifestyle nga program aga
pa na before magstart na sang program naga inom ako na beer one to
two bottles kay indi gid ko na confident maghambal so pila ka
consecutive nga Saturdays two to three months siguro,
(The most difficult for me is everytime I am in the field at first phase of

Iloilo City
52
my employment here as a field reporter you need to be aggressive and
you have the guts, you need to be competitive especially if there are
other reporters from different stations you should not let them to go
first as much as possible you overcome them, and here I have a story
this is a little bit interesting, when I started in the program Bombo
lifestyle, before the program starts I drink one to two bottles of beer
because I am not confident enough to talk, so for how many
consecutive Saturdays, two to three months maybe.)
Weighing between friends and responsibility as a journalist is the difficulty
that Subject 4 has experienced. Everytime there is an issue about his friends he has
to choose where to give his side, whether to be a responsible journalist or a good
friend to people as shared:
Ang ano lang, ang sometimes kung may mga issues and then ang mga
affected sa kilala mo, medyo ano man sometimes you have to weight,
kung diin ang tagaan mo gug-at ang imo nga responsibility as a
journalist no? As a broadcaster or ang imong affiliation na man to ang
migo ko to may kwan pa gid? Amo na no? So somehow daw dira,
especially ang mga affected ang mga kilala mo so dira ka gid, dira ka
gid matest, dira ka gid na matest.
(Sometimes if there are issues and then the affected are your friends,
Iloilo City
53
so sometimes you have to weigh things, if where to give your side,
your responsibility as a journalist or broadcaster or your affiliation, my
friend has an issue again, there it is, so somehow there especially if
the affected ones are your friends, through that you will be tested.)
Just like the other subjects, Subject 5 said that time management was the
most difficult challenge to handle in the broadcast industry. Having less time with
family is an addition and because of his work he can’t get home at night for he has
threats in his life.
Ang time nga indi kamu pirme magkitaay sang asawa mo sang pamilya
mo sang family mo difficult katama kay ti syempre may mga time nga
ang assignment mo like for example pang gab i ka, so indi na man
pwedi nga magpuli ka sa balay nyo kay ti syempre delikado man, ok
lang kung reporter ka nga ordinary waay ka gakomentaryo, so kung
komentarista ka may mga tawo nga iban indi na ka intiende nga
trabaho lang ang imo way ka gapamersonal, ang iban personalon ka
nila may ara nga maakig may ara nga manamian man sa imo, pero ang
kalabanan nga gakaakig gadumot na sa imo personalon ka nila, tungod
sa kadelikado sang kabuhi mo may mga resgo indi ka na lang mag,
may mga time nga ang imo nga asawa imong mga kabataan indi ka
gusto nga makilala sang publiko kay para sa ila nga security reason
Iloilo City
54
ikaw lang isa mapakilala ti kung kaisa soltero ko eh.
(When you don’t have time for your wife and for your family, it’s really
difficult, because there are times that your assignment, for example
you are night shift it is not allowed that you will go home because it’s
too dangerous, it is fine if you are just an ordinary reporter, you don’t
do commentary, but if you are a commentator there are people that
don’t understand that you are only doing your job, there are others
that will take you personally, there are some that will be mad at you
and some will treat you nice, but the ones that get mad at you will
take you personally, because of the danger to your life, there are risks,
there are times that you don’t want the public to know about your wife
and your children because of security reasons so sometimes I am
single.)
Most of the non-communication graduates who are subjects of the study
that are now working in broadcast industry experienced the difficulty in time
management because balancing between family and their passion to work is hard
for them. They need to sacrifice their family to be a public servant. Weighing
between affiliation and responsible journalism is also one of the difficulty, they
need to weigh things right, to be a good friend or to be honest and a credible
journalist.
Iloilo City
55
Pressure and adjustment is also a difficulty especially when one is new in
the industry. The pressure of the boss and adjustment to the new environment is
the hardest part for a neophyte. Furthermore, the pressure in getting quality stories
and articles was aslo a great challenge especially when one is working in a
competitive environment.
Adjustments of Non-Communication Graduates to the Environment of the Broadcast
Industry
A change in career means a change in the environment. Non-
communication graduates who are currently working as media practitioner have
also dealt with the same situation given that their field of education is vastly
different from their filed of work. One subject have brought motivations into his
work, another made use of their time wisely to attain knowledge, another have
studied all the essential things a reporter needs to know, and one had gained
knowledge through field work. All of these personal adjustments were made in
order for them to compete to the mass communication world.
Subject 1 stated that more experiences and exposures help her overcome
difficulties as a neophyte in the broadcast industry. Furthermore, she got used to
her daily routine as a reporter and in the end she liked the work as a media
practitioner with the fulling account:

Iloilo City
56
Sang first ko nabudlayan gid ko, uh pagsulod ko ako lang gid isa ang
female reporter sa patrol. By the way, patrol reporter ko for two or
three years and then nag beat reporter. Budlayan ko, hindi ko kabalo
kun ano ang himuon ko, pero sa padayon lang sa mga upod ko tapos
ang mga lalaki pa daan upod ko, pa ano man padayunon ko ni or hindi
(laugh) kay daw ka-awkward ako lang gid ang babayi pero later
daw….na-adapt ko naman tapos na namian naman ako.
(At first, I find it hard. When I started, I am the only female reporter in
the patrol. By the way, I am a patrol reporter for two or three years
and then I became the beat reporter. I find it hard because I dont
know what to do, but I continued with my colleages and even though
they are all males, what, should I continue or not? Since it is awkward
but later on, I got used to it. I was able to adapt then I liked it.)
To Subject 2, adjustment is a personal choice. He gave personal adjustment
to himself, a more time to grow and to explore things, things one did not learn
from college. In adjustment there are levels, as he emphasized, wherein he
compared it to a sports game:
Adjust more on ano gid ahhh balik kita sa basic, personal, personal
adjustment kay once nga indi mo pag gaan sang space or ahh room
for adjustment an gang career path mo deri sa broadcast industry

Iloilo City
57
mabudlay gid man so dapat e may ara na sa mind mo nga kinahanglan
mo gid man mag adjust may time gid yaya nga kinahanglan ikaw kung
sa baga kung sa mga sports pa bala may rookie time ka gid, may
sophomore time ka gid, may junior time ka gid so kung junior kana
kung senior kana ahh pero ma adj- indi ka gid madula sa adjustment
so may personal adjustment ka gid sa imo kay indi pwede nga daw
gina pwersa ka sang gina ubra mo dapat maging passion mo siya kay
amo nang ma drive sa imo keep going kay passion mo sya kag tungod
commitment mo personal commitment mo to do this job indi nga ay
gina sweldohan ta toud kay teh we ar- we work tungod para nga maka
survive man kita mo, well aside from salary dapat may drive kagid nga
imo may personal ka gid ya nga calling.
(Adjust more on, let us go back to basic, personal, personal
adjustment. Once you did not gave a space or room for adjustment to
your career here in the broadcast industry, it will be hard. You should
have that in your mind that you need to adjust. Like in the sports, you
have your rookie time, your sophomore time, and then you will be a
junior and after that you will be a senior but you will not be lost with
adjustment. You need to have your personal adjustment, otherwise it
not acceptable that you are forced to do the work, it needs to be your
Iloilo City
58
passion that drives you to keep going since it is your passion because it
is your commitment, a personal commitment to do this job. It is not
because you are paid, but because we work to survive, and aside from
salary you should have your own calling.)
For Subject 3, being a first timer in the broadcast industry was not that easy
at all. For him, time management is a really difficult job to do, wherein one needs
to adjust to the time not only because one have a work but also for the need to
learn new things as refurnished:
Siguro you ano, for example you have given this schedule five four in
the morning to twelve noon kinanglan duty ka until twelve and then
extend ka pagid kay kung kaisa ang mga kinahanglan mo nga mga
lessons about sa radio reporting indi mo maman an mo sa mga upod
mo sa like partner mo sa field senior reporter okay ang iban makuha
mo sa ano sa iban man nga reporters bala, so kinanglan exert ka gid
effort nga ma ano bala maextend sang imo nga time nga bisan naga
overtime ka na naga pagab-I ka na diri kay kung masalig ka lang sa
mga tawo nga upod mo pirme limitado ang imo matun an and may
mga tawo da nga indi mo upod nga may mashare man sa imo, atleast
daw tanan sila bala may ano ka may makuha ka sa ila.
(Maybe, for example you have been given this schedule five four in the
Iloilo City
59
morning to twelve noon, you need to be on duty until twelve and then
be extended sometimes as you need the radio reporting lessons from a
senior reporter and other reporters that you do not regularly get on
you partner. So you need to exert more effort to extend your time
even if it is overtime until night here. Because if you would only rely to
your partner or regular colleagues then you only have limited
knowledge. And sometimes, there are people here who are not your
colleagues yet they can share something, at least you can get
something from them.)
At first it was a very challenging job for Subject 4. According to him, having
a motivation at work was a form of adjustment where one get to do the things that
were hard and accomplishing it because of a motivation. As time passes by, this
work becomes a habit, and for Subject 4, this is one way of dealing with the
challenges in the broadcast industry. Subject 4 considers the motivations as works
too:
At first, uhh medyo ano gid medyo challenging gid sya katama kag ang
adjustment gid medyo grai gid kay there is a demand for you to get
the news kay pagbalik mo wala ka balita diri “wala ka balita nanu man
ta pangita to” so that is why medyo ang motivation mo dira is once
you get the news medyo lipay ka man especially kung mabatian ka on-
Iloilo City
60
air? Ti pagpuli ko to” baw name to name to report mo” so that is the
ano man mga perks kag amo to mga adjustments nga at first medyo
mabudlayan ka gid man, kay ti huya huya ka pa mum, pero dugay
dugay ti wala ka na man huya.
(At first, it is challenging and the adjustment is hard because there is a
demand for you to get the news, by the time you'll return to office
without news, " what are you doing, go find (a news) so that is why
your motivation is that, once you have get the news you will be happy
especially when you will be heard on air. Then when I go home, "you
have a very good report", so those were the perks and the
adjustments that at first i find hard, since I was shy then, but as time
passes by, it is gone.)
Subject 5 indicated that studying is the best adjustment style to do.
Studying all the essentials things that a broadcaster needs to learn. Furthermore,
Subject 5 stated that as time passes by, mastery of the skills in the broadcast
industry is acquired through field exposures. Subject 5 shows the transition period:
Primero nabudlayan gid man ako eh kay syempre lain ang imo nga
natun an lain man, ti compare sa mga communication graduate ya amo
na daan ya ang tanan-tanan, ti ang inang communivation, ang inang
ginatudlo sa inyo sa eskwelahan nyo papel lang na tanan-tanan pero

Iloilo City
61
sa actual lain, dako sang kinalain, ang sa inyo ginatun an pero ang sa
akon gina adjust ko na, samtang gasige-sige gatuon ka eh so indi
pwedi nga indi ka magtuon kay kung indi ka magtuon mapirde ka sang
mga communication graduate teh syempre amo na na nga daan ila,
plus isa pa gid sa medyo nabulo budlayan kame nga indi mga
communication graduate sa mga dubbing, sa mga pag-insert sang mga
music kung ano-ano mga amo na,Technicals kag sa mga kwan video-
video pro siling sa broadcast lang maka compete kame, kay gatuon
man kame.
(At first, it I find it very hard because I got the different learning and
they got theirs too. Comparing to a communication graduate that
covers everything, but the communication course, the one that is being
taught in schools, it is just papers. The actual thing is very different, a
huge difference, the one that is being studied by you and me, I had it
adjusted. And as you do things repeatedly, you learn and it is a no not
to study because you will be outsmarted by these communication
graduates because it is their field. Plus one thing that non-
communication graduates also find it hard are things like dubbing,
inserting music and so many more....Technicalities and taking Videos
but when it comes to broadcasting we can compete because we study)

Iloilo City
62
The non-communication graduates that are now in broadcast industry find
hard to adjust during their younger days in work. For these non-communication
graduates, adjusting in the media is a process of learning, wherein while adjusting
to the people around them they are also learning. At first all of the subjects,had
hard time adjusting to their new environment but later on they have realized that
the process of adjustment helped them to grow and to do more on their work.
Learning Ways of Non-Communication Graduates as a Media Practitioner
Education is not only limited to the four corners of the classroom. This is
true to non-communication graduates who are working in the broadcast
industry.According to them, skills and learning can largely be acquired from
experiences and observations. Furthermore, skills can also be enhanced by
developing one’s weaknesses and studying essesntial things that a field requires.
For Subject 1, listening was her greatest factor in acquiring the skills needed
to be a media practitioner. Observing her favorite anchors deliver their speeches
on-air helped her in developing her own skill in the broadcast industry. Subject 1
has learned made from others:
Through sa pagpamati diba sang una, elementary pamati, high school
hasta college pamati man gihapon. Through sa pagpamati sa mga
paborito mo nga mga achors and then panilag, kag sa mga, pagsulod
ko diri, sa mga upod ko man.

Iloilo City
63
(Through listening, I can recall a long time ago, in elementary we
listen, in high school we listen, and even in college we still listen.
through listening with my favorite anchors and then observation, and
then when I went here, through my colleagues.)
Subject 2 on the other hand, acquired his learnings as a media practitioner
through his practical encounters and theories or lessons that he read in books.
Field experiences have taught the subject the necessary skills needed to have in
the broadcast industry in their account:
Eighty percent practical encounters so masiling ko lang nga 20% more
on theories and kung anong nabasa ta, but if you are in the field
experience mo will teach you kag a, ang stories sang imo pagka
reporter being, of being a news reporter, news gatherer ara ka gid ma
mold sa field kung buy an ka so bout silingon if you are a reporter ma
swin ka gid ya sa any information you will swim sa nagakalai lain nga,
uhhh, ladder kumbaga a sa mga tawo, uhhh ang mga issues sa palibot
mo ma saturate mo gid, so indi pwede nga one stream kalang nga daw
one single channel kalang bala nga diri lang ko. Uhhh dapat all around
ka gid kay damu damu ka matun an in the field daw amo na akon nga,
sa akon lang ya experience more on sa field ang encounters mo,
experience mo, amo gid na ang naga teach sa imo, uhhh from time to
Iloilo City
64
time asta nga, kundi in kada or san o pagid.
(Eighty practical encounters so I can say that only 20% was acquired
from theories and things that we read, but if you are in the field,
your experince will teach you. The stories of you as a reporter being,
being a news reporter, news gatherer are the skills you will be molded
of once you are in the field. It means that if you are a reporter you
need to swim for the information, swim for the ladder, as they say. The
issues around should be saturated by you. It is a no if you'll only focus
on a one stream, one single channel. It is a must that you need to be
versatile because you will learn alot in the field. For me experience
more on the fields are encounters, your experience that is the only
thing that teaches you from time to time or until when.)
For Subject 3, prayers was the first thing to do while learning, then
observation and listening to the broadcasters that is on-air. Subject 3 stated the
importance of listening to Head Officers for their advices. Experiencies in the field
work as a media practitioner also helped him master his skill as a media
practitioner. Lastly, he emphasized the importance of books and improving once
weaknesses through practice. Subject 3 said:
First by prayers, (laugh) sorry, sorry, sorry and then observe ka lang
pirme, observe ka sa imo mga seniors sa mga reporters, pamati ka sa

Iloilo City
65
ara sa mga naga-on air gid pirme and then you listen sa advice man eh
sang mga ahead man sa imo sa mga nauna, mas madamu na
experience sa broadcast industry as a media practitioner and then tuon
ikaw, basa basa man sa mga books man eh sa media broadcasting,
newscasting, newswriting and everyday kinanglan ipractice mo kung
anong weakness mo kung sa diin nga field ikaw weak ahh si Bombo
John amo naya amon assistant station manager, kung sa diin ikaw
weak na amo na e-develop mo amo ma lang na.
(First by prayers, (laugh) sorry, sorry, sorry and then observe always.
You observe your seniors and the reporters. You listen to those who
are always on-air and you listen to the advice of those who are ahead
of you, they have alot of experiences in the broadcast industry as a
media practitioner. Then, you should study, read books about media
broadcasting, newscasting, newswriting, and everyday you need to
practice your weaknesses whether in what field you are weak. He is
Bombo John our assistant Station Manager, you need to develop your
weakness, that’s it.)
Subject 4 also considers exposure and experience a very dominant factors
in developing skills as a media practitioner. Exposures in the field helped him create
better news and presentations. Through exposure and practice he became what he
Iloilo City
66
wanted as he shared:
Well of course through experience ti before you become an anchorman
you have to go through sa ano man sa needy greedy man sa ano mum
sa reporter so at first you do not know how to report, kay sang-una
una ko nga report sa patrol ang akon nga handset ya sang-una siling
ya “base, base” siling ko hello-hello, so you don’t have the idea no? but
through exposure, practice, so you become what you want to be no? if
you want to be a good reporter, you want to be a good investigator, if
you want to be a good anchorman no? So you have to go through, it’s
a long, actually it’s a long process no? It’s not an overnight process
that one day after a one week of sleep uh you realize you are already
an anchorman so it’s not that.
(Well of course through experience, before you become an anchorman
you have to go through a needy greedy as a reporter, at first you do
not know how to report, Long ago, when I first reported in the patrol
my handset says base base, i said hello hello, so I don’t have the idea)
Lastly, Subject 5 shared that learning is an everyday process, where one
acquires the information needed to be in the field of the media. As one works
continuously on the field, one should not stop learning, which makes a person
master the skill as a media practitioner:

Iloilo City
67
Daw sang, siguro nahaposan ko premiro mum, pero sang sa ulihi sa
sige-sige nga, ang media, ang trabaho abi sang media daw halos
adlaw-adlaw galearn ka may learning process ya na nga halos adlaw-
adlaw galearn ka like for example may issue nga matabo, indi pwedi
nga ireport mo itackle mo nga indi ka magresearch so sige-sige ang
imo nga, ang trabaho sang media sige ka ya tuon mum indi pwedi nga
magpundo ka sa pagtuon so amo na sya kung ngaa nga halos kada
adlaw-adlaw kada tackle mo sang issue may ginapangita ka gid,
mabukad ka gid pirme libro para mabal an mo kung ano ang nakatuon
sa sina nga layi or sa sina nga kasugoan para atleast mabal an mo man
kay kun indi man pwedi nga itackle mo ang issue nga ti indi mo mabal
an kag indi puno ang imo nga knowledge kulang sa on-air hikayan ka
sang imo mga tagpalamati.
(At first, I find it easy but in the end where I work continously, the
media. The work in the media it is like every day that you learn since
there is a learning process that almost every day you learn. For
example, if there is an issue that is happening, you cannot tackle it
without researching. So as you work on a regular basis, you should not
stop learning from that because in everyday issues that you tackle, you
are always looking for something. You have to open books to know the
Iloilo City
68
scope of a law or ordinances, so that at least you know it. You cannot
tackle an issue when you do not know it, and you are not full of
knowledge during on-air, you will be humiliated by your listeners.
Acquiring the skills is like having a process, the non-communication
graduates first observe their seniors while they are on the field. They
listened very well on the anchorman on how they deliver the report or
the news. Then, they will experience it, they will try and try until they
become better.
Most of the non-communication graduates acquire their skills as a media
practitioner through their observations in to colleagues and listening to the advices
of their head officers. Most of them learn their skills through their experience and
familiarity of the work. They have also learned from reading related books about
mass communication.
Non-Communication Graduates’ Application of Non-Related Degrees in the
Broadcast Industry
Working in a job not related to one’s course is challenging, but the people in
broadcast industry with non-communication related course find their courses
relevant in their present work. They use their knowledge in their degree to be their
strength in the media. They apply what they learn and they use it to be better in
their fields.
Iloilo City
69
For the five subjects, their work in the broadcast industry such as paper
works, political discussions and identifying laws and criminality were all related to
their course.
Having a degree in Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, Subject 1 was able
to apply it in her position as a beat reporter at Iloilo City hall. Though she is
surrounded by politicians of Iloilo, she doesn’t need to ask the meaning of the
terms used in politics for she have encountered it already. It is easier for her to
understand and deliver the news specifically on government issues, because of her
degree. She said:
Na-apply like, ang akon nga area is the Iloilo City Hall, diba Beat
Reporter so damo ang balita, sa politika, sa city hall, sa ciudad sang
Iloilo, issue nga damo sang mga issue nga ga-revolve sa politika kag di
ko mabudlayan sa pagpamangkot sa mga politiko because nga ti ang
akon nga course is ang PolSci mong. So madali lang ang pag-intiende
kag ang pagdeliver man sang news. Waay na ako namangkot kung ano
ni, amo ni. Amo na kay ti reporter mo, hindi man ko news anchor nga ,
diba kung mag news anchor need guid ang mga something kung
siempre ang natun-an mo sa masscomm, unlike nga kung reporter ka
diba damo nga daan.
(Apply like, my area is the Iloilo City Hall as beat reporter, so there are
Iloilo City
70
a lot of news about politics in city hall and city of Iloilo , issues that are
revolve in politics, it is not hard for me to ask politicians because of my
course which is Political Science, it easier for me to understand and to
deliver the news, I ask if what is this, what is that, its because I am
reporter and not an news anchor, and if you are a news anchor you
need to have something and learnings from masscomunlike if you are a
reporter it has many.)
Subject 2 shared that he applied his attitude as a Political Science student
when he was in media. His ability of wanting more in information and digging
deeply from what he knows was applied. He also able to apply his interest in
politics when he was in college and he enhanced it when he is in the media:
About may degree? Siguro, paano ko siya e apply then kung paano ako
na nurture siguro nga, ang akon nga una una ang attitude ko before
paku nag enter sa course ko as a political science ang akon nga
personality nga daw I want daw I’m interested sa information nga
masiling ko na enchance sya sang after nag enter ko sakun nga degree
as political science naka sulod ko sa sa government nga mga issues
any issues no, topics daw dira na, daw nangin firm ang akon nga
palanan awon bala, sa mga issues nga naga katabo sa aton kag impor-
diri ko na kit an nga ang in any information is vital gid ni sya sa

Iloilo City
71
ordinary nga public, ahhhh sa mga nga mga ordinaryo nga mga tawo
sa mga negosyante sa aton nga gobyerno sa aton nga politics tama
siya ka ka importante, so na apply ko siguro ang love ko sa kag ang
interest ko nga na sang na gin choose ko mangin mag enroll sa
political science daw da daw dira ko siguro na improve ang mga
qualities nga ara gali sakun nga later on ko man na discover so amo na
partly masiling ko nga na enchance sang course ko ang mga qualities
and mga interest ko ahhhh, bisan prior pa sang nag enroll ako, sa
political science kay ang interest ko na kumbaga na pa na enchance
niya during may college days kag asta subong na apply ko sa akon nga
(About my degree? Maybe how I apply it and how I nurture it, maybe
my first attitude when I enter my course political science I entered in
the government issues, any topics, there it become firm, the way I saw
the issue, to the issues that are happening to us, through this I saw
any information is vital for ordinary people, businessmen, to our
government and politics, it is too important, maybe I apply my interest
and love when I choose to enter political science, there I improve my
qualities that has already in me that I discovered later on partly I can
say that my course enhance my interest and qualities even prior my
enrolment in my course, because my interest enhanced during my

Iloilo City
72
college days and until now I apply it in my work.)
As a BA Literature graduate, Subject 3 applied his course in newswriting and
other paper works and research. He applied his degree in writing while writing
news articles and stories, as he shared:
BA Literature is more on reading and writing, napuslan ko gid sya sa
mga ano man diri sa mga paper works man namun for example sa
newswriting, sa research mag ubra kame feature stories, for example
mga valentine’s day feature story about valentine’s day, Christmas
kung ano man da nga mga ano celebrations bala so mapuslan ko gid
ang tinun an ko sa pagsulat sa pagka creative bala in terms sa writing,
kay kung sa feature story pwede imo ya maanu imagination mo ya
mum, unlike sa newswriting kinanglan palin indi ikaw maka bulak-bulak
so naging relevant man siya ang ano sa obra ko subong ang natapusan
ko nga degree.
(BA Literature more on reading and writing, I made use of it when it
comes to paper works, for example in news writing, research and
making feature stories, for example valentine’s day, feature stories
about valentine’s day, Christmas or any celebrations so I made use all
my knowledge in writing in being creative, because in feature story you
can use your imagination , unlike in news writing it needs to be plain

Iloilo City
73
you can’t add flowery words, so I find my degree relevant in my work
now.)
Subject 4 applied his eloquence in talking when he was a political science
student and being an anchorman now. He also uses his advantage in asking
question because he knows how to connect his words. His confidence and how he
expresses his self in speaking are the attitudes of a political science student that he
apply in his work in media as follows:
Actually I really found it na advantageous its because na especially diri
sa broadcast because sa radio it requires nga ano gid sa ang eloquency
mo as far as talking is concern no? ti sa Pol Sci student ya baisay nga
baisay ma lang obra namon sa ano mong no? mga theories, mga
regarding sa mga governments, opinions, so I found it nga ano no?
nga ay kasimple ma lang gle di ya especially that you are a
extemporaneous speaker no, you know how to express yourself, into
words.
(Actually I really found it na advantageous its because, especially here
in broadcast because in radio it requires your eloquency as far as
talking is concern, because as Political science student there is always
an arguments, about theories, governments, opinions so I found it
simple here, especially that you are an extemporaneous speaker, you

Iloilo City
74
know how to express yourself into words.)
Yeah amo to gani, as an anchorman you know how to express yourself
eloquently, ti diri hay as a reporter, I know how to ask question sa
mga dignitaries like mga senador, vice-president, presidenti, tanan
pede so just because sa ano lang na how you play with words then
how you connect the words and how to speak and express yourself, so
that’s the most ano ma lang no, important weapon ni mo dira, once
nga you know how to do it, plus ang confidence mo so amo ma lang
na, once you are confident with yourself everything will follow ma lang,
so that is why nga I find it advantageous ang background ko sa Pol
Sci, so dugangan pa gid ti na ka ano man ako no? Naka may mga units
man ako sa law ti wara ako katapos.
(Yes, as an anchorman you know how to express yourself eloquently,
here as a reporter, I know how to ask question on dignitaries like
senators, vice-presidents, president, everyone, because I know how to
play with words and how to connect the words and how to speak and
express yourself, so that is your most important weapon here, once
you know how to do it plus the confidence with yourself everything will
follow so that is why I find my background as political science
advantageous lets add up that I have units in law school that I did not
Iloilo City
75
finish.)
Lastly, Subject 5 as a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Criminology applied
his learning in the law and criminality. It is easier for him to understand the laws in
criminality because he already learned it when he was a student. His course helped
him in understanding the laws as he shared:
Supposedly daw nagkwan man siya daw nagsanto man siya kay
Bachelor of Science in Criminology ang trabaho parti gyapon sa
criminality pero may ara siya nga portion nga nakabulig ang akon nga
kurso pero may ara gid siya ya separado nga kinahanglan mo gid ya
magtuon todo-todo, kung sabagay ang criminology kun criminality asta
layi mum so ang kasuguan ara gyapon so may angot gid sa ya sakon
siling ko maskin indi masscom medyo kabalo-balo ka man kay ti medyo
tungod nga ang course ko medyo naglapit-lapit man siya so ti
kaintiende ka man sang layi kay ti syempre.
(Supposedly because bachelor of science in criminology and the work
Is about criminality, but there are portions that my course helped but
there are times that you need to learn so hard, by the way criminology
if we talk about criminality there is law so law is connected to me, so
even though I am not masscom, I also have knowledge because of my
course I can also understand the laws.)

Iloilo City
76
Working in the broadcast industry and having degree not related to
communication is somehow hard. But it is a challenge on how you apply your non-
communication course in the media.
As non-communication graduates that are now working in the media, they
find their courses relevant in their present work. Their strength in their courses
became their weapon to conquer the unfamiliar workplace they are in right now.
They apply what they have learned in their chosen courses, in the broadcast
industry and develop their skills to be better in their own chosen fields. Their
courses may not be related in media but find its way to be used in their career
whether it’s the personality and attitude that they learn, the skills or academically.
Iloilo City
77
Chapter 5
Summary, Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations
Chapter Five consists of five parts: (1) Summary of the Research Design;
(2) Summary of Findings; (3) Conclusion; and (4) Implications; and,
(5) Recommendations.
Part One, Summary of the Research Design, presents the research design
used in the study.
Part Two, Summary of Findings, discusses the list of the findings revealed in
the study.
Part Three, Conclusions, presents the conclusions drawn from the study.
Part Four, Implications, identifies the relationship of the findings of the
study to the theory used as the anchor for the investigation, and the implications
for practice.
Part Five, Recommendations, includes the recommendations advanced in
the study.
Summary of the Research Design
The study employed the descriptive type of research, specifically, a case

Iloilo City
78
study type of research.
In this study, the researchers described the cases of five non-
communication graduates working in the broadcast industry.
Communication, La Paz, Iloilo City in the second semester of Academic Year 2017-
2018.
The study used an Interview Schedule as a tool for data gathering. The
Interview Schedule contained questions based on the objectives of the study.
The researchers used the qualitative means of analyzing data.
Summary of Findings
The following were the findings revealed in the study:
(1) The non-communication graduates who are working in the broadcast
industry were graduates of the following courses: Bachelor of Science in
Criminology, Bachelor of Arts in Literature, and Bachelor of Arts in Political Science.
(2) The motivations of these non-communication graduate working in the
broadcast industry were: aiming to help disseminate information, giving public
service, being heard by people, being looked upon by people, and having the
passion to work in the broadcast industry. These motivations helped the

Iloilo City
79
participants in pursuing their career as a media practitioners.
(3) Non-communication graduates adjusted to the environment of the
broadcast industry through: experience, exposures, personal adjustment, proper
time management, having a motivation at work, and studying all the essentials
thing at work.
(4) The difficulties that were encountered by non-communication graduates
were pressure in the workplace, time management, and coping with self-
confidence. All these difficulties were surpassed by non-communication graduates
working in the broadcast industry through exposure and experiences in the field
work.
(5) The communication graduates learned their skills through listening to
the radio, observation of favorite anchors, practical encounters in the field,
exposures, and studying essential skills needed to be a media practitioner.
(6) Political Science graduates were able to use their learnings acquired
from their degree by discussing political concerns in the government. For the
Literature graduate, he was able to use his course in creative writing and paper
works in the studio. For the Criminology graduate, he was able to understand and
discuss laws and criminalities easier.
Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn:
Iloilo City
80
(1) Educational qualifications such as degrees were not highly regarded as
important when it comes to employment in the broadcast industry. Non-
communication graduates can be in the broadcast as long as they are open to new
learning, experiences, and have the determination.
(2) Non-communication graduates working in the broadcast industry have
motivations in doing their work, which in return, made them succeed and strive
harder in their career. This means that motivations were intrinsic and therefore
necessary to succeed in the job.
(3) Every non-communication graduate needs to make certain adjustments
in order to compete with non-communication graduates. Physical, emotional, and
mental adjustments are necessary to smoothly transition from unrelated degrees to
the broadcast industry.
(4) Difficulties are inevitable. Problems in time management, personal
threats, and pressure in the workplace were just few examples encountered by the
subjects are expected in any profession.
(5) Non-communication graduates can learn to adjust by gaining more
exposures in the field of the broadcast industry, joining trainings, and by studying
communication related books.
(6) All non-communication graduates were able to use their degrees in their
work in the broadcast industry. This means that there are skills and knowledge in
Iloilo City
81
other courses that can be useful in broadcast industry.
Implications
Some implications were developed from the findings and conclusions of the
study.
For theory. The Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication by Albert
Bandura. Social cognitive theory provides an agentic conceptual framework within
which to analyze the determinants and psychosocial mechanisms through which
symbolic communication influences human thought, affect and action (Bandura,
2001).
The theory assumed that communications systems operate through two
pathways. In the direct pathway, they promote changes by informing, enabling,
motivating, and guiding participants. In the socially mediated pathway, media
influences link participants to social networks and community settings that provide
natural incentives and continued personalized guidance, for desired change. Social
cognitive theory analyzes social diffusion of new styles of behavior in terms of the
psychosocial factors governing their acquisition and adoption and the social
networks through which they spread and are supported. Structural
interconnectedness provides potential diffusion paths; sociocognitive factors largely
determine what diffuses through those paths.

Iloilo City
82
In relation to this study, non-communication graduates who are currently
working in broadcast industry have past experiences that was considered a great
factor in leading them to where they are. The environmental and social background
of the subjects have changed the way they view certain aspects of their own self by
looking differently into their own potential and how they take advantage of these in
order to achieve their goals. Furthermore, non-communication graduates acquired
the skills essential for working in media through observation and imitation of their
environment specifically in the field of media. These factors motivated and helped
the subjects realized their full potential in communication. In addition, this potential
was used to achieve their goals no matter what their degrees were. Non-
communication graduates were influenced by their behavior, cognitive, some
personal factors and environmental events that helped them to choose a career
path in media.
For practice. The non-communiction graduates working in the broadcast
industry are a working proof that degrees were not a specific requirement to be in
the broadcast industry. Working in the broadcast industry was a personal decision
made by non-communication graduates. They may be unprepared for the
corresponding consequenses but their decisions should not be questioned. It is a
matter of developing a perfect strategy in order to survive in a highly competitive
world. Finally, it is not the degree that dictates the future of a person and the
Iloilo City
83
success that may come with it, it is the determination and the perserverance in
facing real challenges in life.
Recommendations
In view of the findings and the conclusions the following recommendations
were advanced:
(1) The management of the broadcast networks may consider providing
relevant trainings to employees who are not graduates of media and
communication courses.
(2) Motivations may be used by non-communication graduates in deciding
whether to pursue or not their career in the broadcast industry.
(3) Schools and universities may teach the students to be versatile in any
field of work when they graduate. Journalism and media trainings can also be
conducted to help students discover their potential in media.
(4) Difficulties that may be encountered by non-communication graduates
may be overcome through exposures, trainings and more experiences in the field of
work.
(5) The broadcast industry may offer more adequate training to employees
who do not have a background in mass communications to further improve and
enhance their skills.

Iloilo City
84
(6) Non-communication graduates may apply their non-related degrees into
their work as media practitioners. Their degrees may be used as an avenue for
them to better understand specific topics discussed in the broadcast industry.
(7) Future studies may look into job mismatches in othe organizations and
industries.
Iloilo City
85
References
ABS-CBN News Center. (2009, May 13). Profile of Manuel Jr. “Noli” Leuterio De
Castro. Retrieved from http://news.abs-cbn.com/botomo/05/13/09/profile-
manuel-jr-noli-leuterio-de-castro
American English. (2013). Job Mismatch Dilemma – Communicating the Solution.
Retrieved from http://americanenglish.ph/job-mismatch-dilemma-
communicating-the-solution/
Armada, C., & Braquis, K. (2009). A survey on the educational qualifications of am
radio broadcasters in Iloilo city (Unpublished undergraduate thesis, Division
of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines
Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo.)
Bandura, A. (2001). Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication. Media
Psychology, 3, P. 265-299. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net
/publication/235360935_Social_Cognitive_Theory_of_Mass_Communication
Batacandulo, M., Gabunal, M., & Librero, L. (2013). Journalism graduates as call
center agents: a case study (Unpublished undergraduate thesis, College of
Communication, West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.)
British Broadcasting Corporation (n.d.). Industries Review. Retrieved February 24,
2018 from https://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zqrdxsg/revision

Iloilo City
86
Chanco, B. (2015). Matching Education with Jobs. Retrieved from http://www.
philstar.com/business/2015/06/17/1466631/matching-education-jobs
Cousin, J. (2015). 5 Reasons Why You Need a Career Development Plan Now.
Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/5-reasons-why-you-need-
career-plan-now-joya-martin
Communication. (2017). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved
September 9, 2016 from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictiona
ry/communication
Crowe, E., Jackson, J., & White, S. (2011). The Case Study Approach. Retrieved
from https://rd.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1471-2288-11-
100.pdf
Etino, R., Gonzales, M. & Herbolario, J.R. (2015). Journalism graduates as teachers:
a case study (Unpublished undergraduate thesis, College of Communication,
West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines.)
Depasupil, W. (2017). 1 Million Grdauates face jo-skill mismatch. The Manila Times.
Retrieved from http://www.manilatimes.net/1-million-graduates-face-job-
skill-mismatch/317111/
Elemia, C. (2016).Villanueva: We lack graduates who match jobs. Rappler.
Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/ nation/146475- villanueva-we-
lack-graduates-match-jobs
Iloilo City
87
Farooq, S. (2011). Mismatch Between Education and Occupation: A Case Study of
Pakistani Graduates (Unpublished doctoral dissertation, National University
of Science and Technology, Islamabad.)
Flisi, S., Goglio, V., Meroni, E., Rodrigues, M., & Toscano E., (2014). Occupational
mismatch in Europe: Understanding overeducation and overskilling for
policy making. Retrieved from http://publications.jrc.ec.europa. eu/repo
sitory/bitstream/JRC89712/occupational%20mismatch%20in%20europe.pdf
Gacotte, C.G. (2010). Education Mismatches and Wage Effects: Evidence from the
2010 DLSU Graduate Cohort. Retrieved from http://www.dlsu.edu.ph
/conferences/dlsu-research-congress-proceedings/2017/LCS/LCS-I-009.pdf
Graduate. (2017). In Meriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved May 18, 2017
from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/graduate
Guest, G., Namey, E., & Mitchell, M. (2013). Qualitative research defining and
designing. Retrieved from https://www.sagepub.com/sites/
default/files/upm-binaries/48453_ch_1.pdf
Humal, K. (2013). Education-occupation mismatch and its effect on
unemployment in Sweden. Retrieved from http://lup. lub.lu.se/luur/
Lacrite, Q. (2011). Blogging: A story of an Ilonggo Journalist-Blogger (Unpublished
undergraduate thesis). College of Communication, West Visayas State
University, Iloilo City, Philippines.

Iloilo City
88
Magsikat B. (2016, February 21). Job-skills mismatch to dampen PH growth-study.
Manila Bulletin. Retrieved from http://www.mb.com.ph/job-skills-mismatch-
to-dampen-ph-growth-study/
Markova, M. (2016). The Positive Effects of Education-Occupation Mismatch on the
Careers of Highly Educated Young People (Unpublished masteral
dissertation). Masaryk University, Czechoslovakia). Retrieved February 24,
2017 from https://is.muni.cz/th/382690/esf_m/Martina_Markova.pdf
McKay, D. (2016). Career Development. Retrieved from
https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-career-development-525496
McKay, D. (2016). What is a Career? Retrieved from
https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-a-career-525497
Mercurio, R. (2016). Mismatch hounds labor market – DOLE. The Philippine Star.
Retrieved from http://www.philstar.com/business/2016/03/
11/1561618/mismatch-hounds-labor-market-dole
Mui, Y. (2015, May 22). Newest crop of college grads may find underemployment
easing a bit. Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingt
onpost.com/business/economy/newest-crop-of-college-grads-may-find-
underemployment-easing-a-bit/
Orillaza, J. (2014). Labor mismatch, or what ails the PHL jobs market. Retrieved
from http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/money/companies
Iloilo City
89
Prisca, N. (2016). Education-Job Mismatch among University Graduates In
Cameroon (Unpublised master thesis, Department of Sociology and Human
Geography, University of Oslo, Norway.)
Rusiana, T. (2013). Economic Issue on Underemployment in the Philippines.
Retrieved September 9, 2016 from http://tarusiana.blogspot.
com/2013/01/economic-issue-on-underemployment-in.html
Salaria, N. (2012). Meaning of the Term-Descriptive Survey Research Method.
International Journal of Transformations in Business Management, 6 (1).
Retrieved from http://www.ijtbm.com/descriptive-research-method
Starman, B. (2013). The case study as a type of qualitative research. Retrieved
from http://www.sodobna-pedagogika.net/wp-content/uploads
/2013/03/Starman1.pdf
Teves, M. (2009). Atom Araullo: From Physics to Activism. Retrieved from
http://news.abs-cbn.com/features/03/15/09/atom-araullo-physics-activism-
journalism
Texas State University (2016). Mass Communication. Retrieved November 24, 2017
from http://www.masscomm.txstate.edu/degrees-programs/general-mass-
comm.html
Iloilo City
90
Torres, J., Reyes, R., and Sepe, E. (2014, April 3). Philippines Labor Slump Hits
Graduates Hard Degrees No Longer Guarantee a Better Future. UCA News.
Retrieved from http://www.ucanews.com/news/philippines-labor-slump-hits-
graduates-hard/70632
Yin, R. (2007). Case Study Research: Design and methods, 2nd Edition. Retrieved
from http://www.madeira- edu.pt
Yin, R. (2009). Case Study Research: Design and methods, Fourth Edition.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
Zainal, Z. (2007). Case Study as a Research Method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 9.
Retrieved from http://psyking.net/htmlobj-3837/case_study_as_a_
research_method.pdf
Zucker, M. (2009). How to do Case Study Research. Retrieved from
https://scholarworks.umass.edu
Iloilo City
91
Appendixes
Iloilo City
92
Appendix A
Letter to Validators
October 2017
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Dear Sir/Madam:
Greetings!
We are Senior Bachelor of Arts in Broadcasting students currently working on our

undergraduate thesis, entitled, Non-communication Graduates in the Broadcast
industry: A Case Study. The purpose of our study is to present the cases of non-
communication graduates who are media practitioners. In conducting this study,
we will collect data through an Interview Schedule with five non-communication
graduates who are media practitioners.
Knowing your expertise, may we ask for your assistance in validating our interview
schedule? Please feel free to give comments and suggestions to improve our
Interview Schedule. Attached please find a copy of the Interview Schedule with
Validation Sheet and the Objectives of the Study for your reference. Thank you and
God bless.
Very truly yours,
MARK NEIL ABIERA LOVELY JADE ERENEA

Researcher Researcher
JEXIAN KHEE GASTAR JHUNEVANGEL TUMBOKON

Researcher Researcher
Noted:
PROF. RICKY ABALEÑA III

Thesis Adviser
Iloilo City
93
Appendix B
Letter to Participants
January 2018
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
Sir/Madam:
Greetings!
We are students from West Visayas State University, College of Communication

taking up Bachelor of Arts in Broadcasting. We are currently writing on our thesis
entitled, “Non-Communication Graduates in Media”, which will study chosen
individuals with a non-communication degree but is currently working in the
broadcast industry. In line with this, we are respectfully requesting you to be one
of our subjects for this study. We will conduct an in-depth interview with you with
your approval and convenience.
We are hoping for your positive response. If you have questions about this request,
please contact us through our phone number-__________________or email us at
____________________. Thank You and God Bless!
Respectfully yours,
Mark Neil S. Abiera Jexian Khee S. Gastar

Member Member
Lovely Jade B. Erenea Jhunevangel P. Tumbokon

Member Member
Noted by:
PROF. RICKY G. ABALEÑA III

Adviser
Iloilo City
94
Appendix C
Interview Schedule
Part I- Personal Data
Name (Optional): ___________________________________________________
Educational Attainment: ______________________________________________
Age: _____
Sex: _____
Inclusive years in the Broadcast Industry: ________
Current Position: __________________
Part II- Questions
(1) Tell us something about yourself.
(2) Why did you choose a career in the media?
(3) Tell us about the highlights of your work in the broadcast industry.
(4) What keeps you motivated in your work?
(5) What keeps you motivated in life in general?
(6) How do you see the relevance of your course to your present work in the
broadcast industry?
(7) How did you learn your skills as a media practitioner?
(8) How do you apply your degree into your present work in the media?
Iloilo City
95
(9) What are the difficulties that you have encountered in your work in the
broadcast industry?
(10) Being a non-communication graduate, how did you adjust to the environment
of the broadcast industry?
(11) Can you name some awards that you have garnered while working in the
broadcast industry?
(12) How do you see yourself in 10 years or more?
(13) What satisfies you in your work in the broadcast industry?
(14) What regrets, if any, do you have as a result of your employment in the
broadcast industry?
(15) How do you see yourself in the future working in a job related to your course?
(16) What piece of advice can you give to non-communication graduates who
aspire to be in the broadcast industry?

Iloilo City
96
Appendix D
Transcribed Interview
Subject 1
Name (Optional):
Educational Attainment: Political Science Graduate
Age: 30
Sex: Female
Inclusive years in the Broadcast industry: 8 years
Current Position: Iloilo City Hall Beat Reporter
Part II- Interview
Researcher: Good afternoon ma'am
Subject 1: Good Afternoon!
Researcher: Can you tell us something about yourself?
Subject 1: I’m (name), reporter sang Bombo Radyo since 2009, nagsulod as
reporter sa Bombo Radyo until subong mga eight or more than eight years na nga
reporter sang Bombo Radyo. Currently, Iloilo City hall beat reporter sang Bombo
Radyo for four years na kag amo lang na.
Researcher: And second ma’am, why did you choose a career in media?
Subject 1: Ginpili ko na nga course since elementary, amo guid na ang ginpili ko
Iloilo City
97
nga course. You know, sang una diba, kung sa mga uma kamo mga lolo kag lola
mahilig magpamati sang radyo. So, elementary palang ako nabatian ko. Usually
maka-bombo guid ang mga tawo sa uma diba? Usually maka-bombo guid mga
tawo sa uma. Nabatian ko ang mga tingog nila, hambal ko sa ulihi gusto ko man
magpareho sa ila. Nan, amo na nga biskan pigado, nag dedikar gid para malab-ot
ang handom nga mangin reporter sang Bombo.
Researcher: Next question ma'am, can you tell us about your work experience in
Subject 1: Very exciting sa part nakon, biskan hindi ko masscomm graduate.
Although may mga ara nga mabudlayan ka bangod kay ti wala mo natun-an, pero
sa sige-sige daw ma-adopt mo naman bala nga ari ka as reporter sang bombo; kag
ang experience hindi lang guid may ara nga kalipay lang guid permi, damo man
mga experience nga hindi manami. Like, hindi ka knowledgeable sa amo na nga
issue kinahanglan mo guid magresearch may ara man kaisa nga napressure ka,
kinanglanon na kuhaon mo gid na ang mga balita biskan nahuya ka, sige lang para
mahatag mo ang information sa imo mga listeners kay, ti amo na gani nga dapat
paghambal nga Bombo, dapat first, fast, and right nga information. Amo gid na nga
hambal sa amon biskan ano ka budlay sang mga balita kinahanglan ang balita mo
inskato, hindi pinalagpat kag dapat nga may source ka gid sang information.
Researcher: What keeps you motivated in life?

Iloilo City
98
Subject 1: Uhmm
Researcher: Ang imo mga motivations?
Subject 1: Motivations ko, akon nga ubra as a reporter. Makabulig sa ano, sa mga
tawo. Makabulig through sa paghatag sang information and bisan ano, bisan kung
kaisa sa amon life nga hindi namon kaya and for the sake nga makabulig ka,
makaya mo. Amo na gani hambal nila nga kung sa iban nga balita kaya namon
magsolve pero sa personal nga balita or within sa family namon hindi namon
masolve. Mga amo na bala. So more, sa public sa public service gid ya.
Researcher : Ang sa inyo work ya ma’am? What keeps you keep on working,
siguro motivated in working?
Subject 1: Yes. Kay ti ang Bombo Radio known as number one radio station (laugh)
siempre diba gina claim guid na namon not only diri sa Iloilo kundi sa bilog nga
kalibutan. So gina ano namon nga gina, kumbaga ginapabilin namon ang number
one, and amo na ang nagamotivate sa amon nga paghambal nga Bombo Radyo
daw kilala guid nga ang Bombo Radyo and of course sa support sang amon nga
management amo lang na.
Researcher : How do you see, ma’am the relevance of your course to your present
work in the broadcast industry? Relevant man ang inyo?
Subject: Yes, very relevant guid kay diba hambal gani sang iban nga mga
masscomm graduates daw mas okay pa gani ang PolSci kay daw more guid ya ma-
Iloilo City
99
apply mo, especially sa politics kay usually ang mga gina interview politicians, mga
nagakalatabo sa society it’s more on politics na diba? Politics is everywhere biskan
anu nga issue may ara gid ya nga politika so ma-apply gid ya namon.
Researcher : Kag ang mga tawo mas interested sila sa politics.
Subject 1: Yes.
Researcher : And where did you learn your skills, or how did you learn your skills
as a media practitioner?
Subject 1: Through sa pagpamati diba sang una, elementary pamati, high school
hasta college pamati man gihapon. Through sa pagpamati sa mga paborito mo
nga mga achors and then panilag, kag sa mga, pagsulod ko diri, sa mga upod ko
man.
Researcher : So gina-imitate mo man sila?
Subject 1: Huo, kun kaisa, yes huo.
Researcher : Mga seminars ma’am or something like formal?
Subject 1: Ang Bombo Radyo sa diri sa amon ga-offer sang mga something, damo
kami mga seminars every year diri sa amon.
Researcher : So amo man na ang nakabulig guid?
Subject 1: Nakabulig guid, di ko ma site pero damo kami mga seminars sa diri.
Researcher : So with your course nga PolSci ma’am are you able to apply it into
your present work in the media?

Iloilo City
100
Subject 1: Yes.
Researcher : How?
Subject 1: Na-apply like, ang akon nga area is the Iloilo city hall, diba Beat
Reporter so damo ang balita, sa politika, sa city hall, sa ciudad sang Iloilo, issue
nga damo sang mga issue nga ga-revolve sa politika kag di ko mabudlayan sa
pagpamangkot sa mga politiko because nga ti ang akon nga course is ang PolSci
mong. So madali lang ang pag-intiende kag ang pagdeliver man sang news. Waay
na ako namangkot kung ano ni, amo ni. Amo na kay ti reporter mo, hindi man ko
news anchor nga, diba kung mag news anchor need guid ang mga something kung
siempre ang natun-an mo sa masscomm, unlike nga kung reporter ka diba damo
nga daan.
Researcher : Sa field?
Subject 1: Halos balita, politika, so knowledgeable ka kay amo na imo nga course
Researcher : Then, what are the difficulties that you have encountered in your
work in the broadcast industry?
Subject 1: Damo guid, kung kaisa mga hindi mo makuhan ang balita, may mga
gina-akigan kaman kundi pressure ka man sa mga office mo , sa mga officers mo.
May ara pagid nga need ka sang family mo hindi mo makadtuan or hindi mo
process ang amo na kay bangud ara ka sa work hindi ka ka-absent. Mga something
amo na bala. Pero koon nga ano waay pa man ako experience nga something gin
Iloilo City
101
threat ako or what, wala. Pero may ara one time, mga second year palang ako sa
Bombo, may ara natabo nga no to gani, mga something hold-up me. Huo, nan may
isa to ka nanay nga nagkadto sa police station kay ang iya bata naghimo-himo
istorya, then gin report ko. While ga-report ko ga dalagan sia nga inano niya, i-
butungon nia tani ang buhok ko bala, dason amo to ang isa ko ka upod nag singgit
sakon amo. Dason wala na dayon. Grabi to ang kulba ko, huo so far amo na pero
mga threat so far wala man.
Researcher : How did you adjust to the environment of the broadcast industry?
Given nga PolSci ka?
Subject 1: Sang fisrt ko nabudlayan gid ko, uhm pagsulod ko ako lang gid isa ang
female reporter sa patrol. By the way, patrol reporter ko for two or three years and
then nag beat reporter. Budlayan ko, hindi ko kabalo kun ano ang himuon ko, pero
sa padayon lang sa mga upod ko tapos ang mga lalaki pa daan upod ko, pa ano
man padayunon ko ni or hindi (laugh) kay daw ka-awkward ako lang gid ang
babayi pero later daw
Researcher : Nagdamo man?
Subject 1: Huo, na-adopt ko naman tapos na namian naman ako.
Researcher : Can name some awards nga nakuha mo while working diri sa Bombo?
Subject 1: Hindi ako specific sang year ha, sang bag-o palang ko di, mga second
year sa Bombo, I was awarded, Maraming Salamat po award sang DSWD and then
Iloilo City
102
sang 2005, finalist for during Top Level Management conference sang Bombo
Radyo. I was finalist as best reporter sa bilog nga Bombo Radyo Philippines ,
finalist lang, then iya pagid sang DSWD, sang last year, second place best reporter
sa region.
Researcher: and how long do you plan to work ma’am in the broadcast industry?
Subject 1: ah subong ga decide ko nga mag-resign (laugh) subong palang na, kay
sang sini lang ko namana so gusto sang husband ko magpahuway kay gusto ya
nga mag ka baby kami kag uhm because of kulang time hambal ya kinahanglan mo
mag-resign. Although nga diba loyal ako pero sige lang ah.
Researcher : Uhm ano for personal reason.
Subject 1: Yes
Researcher : Ah ano, what satisfies you in your work in the broadcast industry?
Subject 1: uhm damo eh, experience, public servcie and daw nalab-ot naman ang
peak sang career ko kay siempre naka-interview sa, ka-interview sa presidente,
vice-president. So far ang pinaktaas ko nga interview mga senators kag ang mga
mataas nga officials sang Pilipinas and event sa mga ambassadors something amo
na ang mga perks being a media bla bla bla damo ka ma interview nga hindi kaya
sang iban bala nga ano.
Researcher : May access?
Subject 1: Something amo na.

Iloilo City
103
Researcher : What regrets, if any, do you have as a result of your employment in
Subject 1: Ah (laugh) so far daw hindi mo man mahambal nga daw naghinulsol ka
gid nga nagsulod ka diri. Pero sang hambal ko tani mga four years lang ko kay
masulod ko sa government. Diba lain ang mga benefits guid ya kung sa
government something amo lang gid na.
Researcher : Pero so far wala man guid?
Subject 1: Waay kay hindi mabayran sang kwarta ang experience mo kung ara ka
sa media especially kung sa radio kag reporter ka.
Researcher : How do you see yourself in the future working in a job related to your
course?
Subject 1: (laugh) Wala ko kabalo kay subong ga plano ko nga mag schooling, uh
masteral or ma diploma in teaching so ano siguro maano ko ma teach na lang ko.
Researcher : What last question ma’am, what piece of advice can you give to non-
communication graduates who aspire to be in the broadcast industry? Hindi sila
masscomm pero gusto nila?
Subject 1: May ara ko mga classmate before nga gusto man nila magsulod galing
nahadlok sila kay amo ni kuno ang sa radio basi kung mapatay sila daw nahadlok
sila kay basi bala dumtan sila something amo ni. Akon lang advice nga kung gusto
gid nila kag kung dedicated sila sa amo na nga work, why not nga i-try nila kay
Iloilo City
104
diba subong waay naman sa pa kurso kurso; although nga course is very important
pero kung subong ya determinado and dedikasyon nimo kag ang imo nga kapisan
sa obra
Researcher : Amo lang gid?
Subject 1: Amo lang gid na, so okay man ang sabat? (Laugh)
Researcher : That’s all ma’am. Thank you gid ma’am.
Subject 1: Thank You!

Iloilo City
105
Subject 2
Name (Optional):
Educational Attainment: AB PolSci CPU
Age: 31
Sex: M
Current Position: News Operation Specialist
Part II- Interview
Researcher: So, Good afternoon sir, ari kami subong para ma conduct kami
interview in regards sa amon studies sa thesis.
Researcher: uhh, Gusto ko lang sir mabal-an a, ano ngalan ta?
Subject 2: Ako si (name)
Researcher: Educational attainment?
Subject 2: A graduate of AB Political Science.
Researcher: Pila na edad ta sir?
Subject 2: 31
Researcher: ah, inclusive years in the broadcast industry?
Subject 2ah, siguro madumduman ko mga -2009, asta subong mga, manug 9 years
na guro.
Iloilo City
106
Researcher: Ano aton current position subong sir?
Subject 2: Ah, reporter, TV reporter pero ang tawag gid sa amon is sa company
news operation specialist.
Researcher 1: So how would you describe sir?
Researcher 2: Something about you.
Subject 2: Paano ko e describe, in one word or?
Researcher 1: Pwede man sir phrase.
Researcher 2: like ano, something about you, something nga distinct sa imo
Subject 2: uh, I love simple things a.
Researcher 1: Why did you choose a career in the media?
Subject 2: Uh, maybe because of my interest also, interest in government, in social
issues, interest about any information, daw amo na na discover ko e, later on na,
pero during my highschool days and the college days mahilig gid ko ya sa
information so, so kung may ara ako nga mabatian something new gusto ko e dig,
gusto ko e hibal on bala nga, is it true? huo, so daw any information nga naga nga
gina accept ko nga gina, gina nga interesado ako gusto ko e dig, ang tanan nga
mga factors nga naga contribute sa sina nga issue kun tuod sya, ukon para ma
create man ko sang right opinion bala sa certain issues or topics, so though I’m
more on, interested sa mga nagakatabo so amo ang akon nga nangin basis guro
kung nga daw diri ang path ko sa Broadcast industry.

Iloilo City
107
Researcher 1: Can you tell us about the highlights of your work in the broadcast
industry?
Subject 2: I started as a radio reporter, sa Bombo Radyo ako nag una sulod sa
media kag didto gid ko na train, ang akon mga baby times of being a journalist dira
nagstart. So una una medyo, damu man eh strange ka sa mga bag-o nga
experience, medyo matingala ka ay amo ni gali ang world of media. Kadasig sang
tanan bala sa in 1 minute, 1 hour damu damu na sang naga katabo, damu sang
mga issues, informations, so kung daw bag-uhan ka sa sina nga set up medyo ma
lingin gid ang ulo mo sa first nga mga inadlaw mo, weeks, months, kag even year,
adjustment so- ok.
Researcher 1: What keeps you motivated in work?
Subject 2: Siguro ang ano ang, gina consider ko ang self ko as a channel of
information and whatever information nga dapat ko e share not only sa plat form
sa TV no or sa news, dapat kabalo ko sang gina sugid ko, bisan indi ko naga ubra,
bisan mamangkot lang ang tawo sa akon nga sir, ano opinion mo sa amo sini, ay
tuod ni nga amo ni ang mga factors nga -a nga, for example bi, nga-a nga nagtaas
ang mga tax ta? Ano ang imo information dira, Kwa-an ka nila opinyon so dapat Im
always prepared not only nga inside the news room or sa plat form nga dira ko
naga work but also outside. So amo na ang naga motivate sa akon nga ay dapat
gali e take seriously ko ning role ko kay kabudlay sang task mo ang imo direksyon
Iloilo City
108
being a media personality and being a reporter, being a story teller nga wala gali
ya bound ang imo mga gina pang sugid so if you’re not credible, if you don’t know
sang basis sang imo information nga gina share mo then what’s the reason what’s
and working in the ari ka sa sini nga industry, So daw amo sina.
Researcher: What keeps you motivated in life in general?
Subject 2: I appreciate how I am created, that naga pati ko anyone of us ang aton
creator may gin design para sa aton so whatever ang design ya sa akon is amo na
ang purpose nga gina live ko. So amo ang naga motivate sa akon nga God
prepared something for me since nga ako gin bun ag, sa kung diin ako asta
mangabuhi sa ulihi kag gina consider ko ni as a gift and opportunity eh kag indi
pagsayangon kun baga bala, daw indi ko pag eh waste ini nga opportunity.
Researcher: How do you see the relevance of your course to your present work in
Subject 2: My course is AB Political Science if you will try to associate it to sa
broadcast industry, daw ang, ang perspective una una if you are not in the media
world yet masiling ka nga dapat I’m graduate of communications courses dapat
masscommunication but as Political Science nga naga discuss about ang, ang basis
kag ang grounds sang study more on society, government, dala naman eh culture,
tradition, economy tanan tanan so diri ko gali na, na nga ang scope sang mga
issues nga ni especially sa news tama gid sya ka relevant sa background sang akon
Iloilo City
109
nga course pero ini sya narealize ko na when I’m already in, uhhh, the field of
journalism nga dati una una ko kay nga first nga year ko is I’m a masscom student
mo, but a sang manug second year naku I find it siling ko daw amo ni ang interest
ko sa government daw more on theories kag gusto ko magbasa nga kag isa man
ang kwaan bala ang production is grabe sa masscom mo so dati sang una nakit an
ko nga I’m not fan of doing productions ti indi ko mauti. Indi ko maid-id sa mga
production daw na, daw masiling ko nga medyo may, katalak an ako bala daw
dasig ako matak an, ay amo ni stage play, amo amo ni arrange amo sini siling ko I
want to sit sa corner and then kun ano mga subjects ko da amo mga interest ko
then mabasa lang ko eh kag, mag free flowing lang da a, kun ano lang da a kung
paano ko e deal ang mga issues around me, di kuna kinahanglan mag agi sa
production kay gusto daw sa matawhay nga pama agi bala that’s why nga.
Researcher: How did you learn your skills as a media practitioner?
Subject 2: Uh, eighty percent practical encounters so masiling ko lang nga 20%
more on theories and kung anong nabasa ta, but if you are in the field experience
mo will teach you kag, ang stories sang imo pagka reporter being, of being a news
reporter, news gatherer ara ka gid ma mold sa field kung buy an ka so bout
silingon if you are a reporter ma swim ka gid ya sa any information you will swim
sa nagakalalain nga, ladder kumbaga sa mga tawo, ang mga issues sa palibot mo
ma saturate mo gid, so indi pwede nga one stream kalang nga daw one single
Iloilo City
110
channel kalang bala nga diri lang ko, dapat all-around ka gid kay damu damu ka
matun an in the field daw amo na akon nga, sa akon lang ya experience more on
sa field ang encounters mo, experience mo, amo gid na ang naga teach sa imo,
from time to time asta nga, kundi in kada or san o pagid tranings? may mga
principles of journalism gid kag that is almost basic gid na, radio, TV, tanan nga
mga ethics gina train gid na kami, may ara nga sponsored sya sang iban nga
agency for example bi PNP, eh train kamu nga how to report, if ang mga issues ga
involve mga minors so indi pwede dapat rr-responsible kamu sa pag ahh name sa
ila, paano mo e handle ang story nga rape, ang mga bullying, ang mga abuse da ,
ang child abuse so dapat may training. kinanhanglan may input from PNP,
women’s and children protection desk, DSWD, so may mga training sa amo sina
kag sa company naman ya, the you are trained to kung paano mo e enchance ang
writing mo, an gang speaking mo kag ang establishing relationship sa tawo, sa
source mo, ahh might be sa mga politician no? a mga government officials,
ordinaryo nga tawo, e improce mo ang source mo, paano mo paano mo ma ma
introduce ang self mo nga ang isa ka tawo ma siling sa imo nga, ay sir (name)may
may balita ko sa imo, may isugid ko sa imo, confidential ni, so dapat you should
know how to handle sang trust sa imo nga sa tawo man so amuna ka ka damu ang
dapat mo nga e train aside from corporate training dapat observant ka gid ikaw
mismo ga observe kagid sa palibot monkey damu kada ma learn

Iloilo City
111
Researcher: Sa mga confidential stuff sir how do you handle that?
Subject 2: Of course when we talk about confidentiality you should protect sang
source mo if ahhh naghambal sya sa imo nga do not ahhh named me or indi mo
pag records ang akon nga ngalan or identity so dapat a e sincere ka, kay budlay
man dulaon mo ang trust sang isa ka tawo kay maguba ang trust sang isa ka tawo
madamu ang ma apekto sa imo, maapektuhan ka, o isugid ya to sa iban nga “ay
waay na to si ano gin sugidan ko na”, naglain paku, ako pa nag ang nagwa nga
malain na threat paku ang information ko wala ma handle maayo, so wala ka
kabalo ang information gali is life and death na para sa ila, so dapat e leave mo gid
e, e leave mo gid nga responsible ka sa information nga gina palab ot sa imo kay
nga a? may sing mga tawo nga they are not open to be informed uhhh authorities
before sila magkadto sa pulis gusto nila anay e share sa imo, so indi mana pwede
nga e break mo sila masiling isugid mo to “sir may nagkadto to sa akun amuni
amuni” then dapat kabalo ka sang sang lugar mo bala ahhh, sang imo nga stand
kag sang imo trabaho,
Researcher: How do you apply your degree as your present work in the media?
Subject 2: About my degree? Siguro, paano ko siya i-apply then kung paano ako na
nurture siguro nga, ang akon nga una una ang attitude ko before paku nag enter
sa course ko as a political science ang akon nga personality nga daw I want daw
I’m interested sa information nga masiling ko na enchance sya sang after nag enter
Iloilo City
112
ko sakun nga degree as political science naka sulod ko sa sa government nga mga
issues any issues no, topics daw dira na, daw nangin firm ang akon nga palanan
awon bala, sa mga issues nga naga katabo sa aton kag impor- diri ko na kit an nga
ang in any information is vital gid ni sya sa ordinary nga public, sa mga nga mga
ordinaryo nga mga tawo sa mga negosyante sa aton nga gobyerno sa aton nga
politics tama siya ka ka importante, so na apply ko siguro ang love ko sa kag ang
interest ko nga na sang na gin choose ko mangin mag enroll sa political science
daw da daw dira ko siguro na improve ang mga qualities nga ara gali sakun nga
later on ko man na discover so amo na partly masiling ko nga na enchance sang
course ko ang mga qualities and mga interest ko ahhhh, bisan prior pa sang nag
enroll ako, sa political science kay ang interest ko na kumbaga na pa na enchance
niya during may college days kag asta subong na apply ko sa akon nga work.
Researcher: What are the difficulties that you have encountered in your work in the
media?
Subject 2: Difficulties? Siguro a number one gid is time management kay as a
reporter as an informer ahh we have what we called this ining sop we have to
break sang news bisan nga premature pa kung kis-a no? e flash report mo gid
kulang ka sa information but ahh tungod sang competition dapat dasig ka gid so
speed, accuracy, ang accuracy of information indi mo na dapat nga palagpatan mo
ang so daw dira siguro ang time management daw isa, isa sa mga challenge gid
Iloilo City
113
nga daw mabudlay kung bag uhan kaw nga indi mo ma manage.
Researcher: Being a non-communication graduate how did you adjust in the
environment of broadcast industry?
Subject 2: Adjust more on ano gid balik kita sa basic, personal, personal
adjustment kay once nga indi mo pag gaan sang space or ahh room for adjustment
an gang career path mo diri sa broadcast industry mabudlay gid man so dapat may
ara na sa mind mo nga kinahanglan mo gid man mag adjust may time gid yaya nga
kinahanglan ikaw kung sa mga sports pa bala may rookie time ka gid, may
sophomore time ka gid, may junior time ka gid so kung junior kana kung senior
kana pero ma indi ka gid madula sa adjustment so may personal adjustment ka gid
sa imo kay indi pwede nga daw gina pwersa ka sang gina ubra mo dapat maging
passion mo siya kay amo nang ma drive sa imo keep going kay passion mo sya kag
tungod commitment mo personal commitment mo to do this job indi nga ay gina
sweldohan ta toud kay teh we work tungod para nga maka survive man kita mo,
well aside from salary dapat may drive kagid nga imo may personal ka gid ya nga
calling daw amo na guro ang term are you called no? kay Basi kung ay, kabudlay
man sini man permi ko gina gutoman delikado ka mahal- mahalin ko a, so more on
personal comfort kung indi ko ya komportable then why should I continue but if
you think nga may noble cause ang pagiging reporter mo, story teller amo gid na
ang term ya story teller telling stories so dapat nga you should be interested sang
Iloilo City
114
mga story kay indi kaya interesado teh ano may gana kapa magcontinue? Kung lain
ang imo gana ya didto ka ya sa field of lain bi imo ya o manegosya ka ya didto love
mo amo tong drive mo amo tong passion mo didto ka ma successful pero kung
waay ka drive sa infofrmation and ahhh wala sang personal calling kag indi ka
commited sa sina na nga field then indi Kaman guro mag successful or may
something nga vacancy or ahhh space nga daw may ginapangita ko aside from
kung ano ang may ara ako subong daw amo sina.
Researcher: Can you name some awards that you have garnered while working in
Subject 2: There are awards nga ma siling naton nga daw masiling naton trophy
awards pero may greatest awards siguro if my people or the people around me
appreciate sang mga stories nga gina tell ko sa ila since nga para sa akon gina
recognize ko na nga gin pabalhasan ko na mo gin gather mo ang truth gin share
mo ang truth then wala na sang may pinaka noble reward than you tell the truth
and not fake news or kabutigan so I’m rewarded kay ay maka- makatulog ako sing
maayo if I tell the truth kag It’s my duty to tell the truth th- the public must know
the truth so kumbaga any reward nga mga plaques and everything are masiling ko
nga ara mana sa sa around pero may- ang greatest reward nga gina nga gina
cherish ko everyday kag gina keep ko what keeps me going is ang reward nga ang
tawo gali na apresyar nila ang pagshare mo sang balita sa ila so daw amo na ang
Iloilo City
115
akon motivation kag kung nga siguro nga in 9 years manug 10 years na ari ako
gyapon sa sini nga industry so forget na sang mga plaques may ara man nga mga
kung kis a may mga award award ka nga halimbawa you have produce 200 stories
in 1 month o ikaw model ka the ka agi man ako sang mga amo sina daw pisan
pisan ka gid ya no kay ang gina lagas mo is quantity e padamu damu kamu amo
amo sina panami name coverage pero ang basic is kung ano ang ara sa imo kag na
comply mo na accomplish mo sya so daw dira ya ang award kag reward nga daw
satisfied ako bay eda kung waay ako sang mga ano nga dira na receive mga
sample lang na ya ma replika sang award pero ang truth ya nga na share mo na
balita mo gin pangabudlayan mo in a span of 1-2 minutes nga story lang ha t kay 2
minutes mo indi man 1 hour o so daw a kanami man pamatian nga kumpleto wala
discrepancy ang report mo ang bo- any sides nakuha mo indi nga one sided mga
amo na bala so kumbaga kung sa mga niluto pa kumpleto naluto mo, ang spices
mo ito- nahatag mo sa tawo t kung may nakanami- ay kanami sang luto nya
kumpleto ang damil so kung ikaw ang naga cook sina ang naga gather sang mga t
amo na ang nagahatag sang daw amo na ang awards para sa akon.
Researcher: How do you see yourself in 10 or more?
Subject 2: In 10 years, teh manug 20years na na siguro e after nga ako nagstart
siguro I see myself as kun indi nagid man sa broadcast industry teh naga abot man
sa time ta nga nakapoy man kita naga change man ang aton nga ara man kita sa
Iloilo City
116
crossroads kumbaga fulfilled na ako in 20 years of serving in the media so may
other opportunities kanaman siguro teh, ahhhh kung may family ka then siguro
spend time with your family kag kung ano man ang love and likes nyo nga himuon
siguro kag e saturate mo man ang mga wonders of life e not only sa filed of a
media e nga diri lang tanan so daw ako happy gid ako nga naga bond ako sa family
ko tapos a ano gid eh nang ako na appreciate ko gid kag daw naga sustain sakun
ang ministeral work bala kung may mga ministry daw my heart ako sa ministry so
sa church abi na the daw isa mana sa mga sa mga passion daw kung wala na sa
akon life daw indi ko complete so siguro 20 years after kung mag retire ko dira ko
gyapon ma focus sa other way naman sa mga siguro sa mga church works daw
dira ang akon nga ginapanan aw.
Researcher: What satisfies you in your work in the broadcast industry?
Subject 2: Amo na to mabalik ko sa gin hambal ko kagina kung ma kumpleto ko
ang story ko kag ma share ko ang truth no ang right way of telling story dira na
ang akun fulfillment nga wala ko gin wala ko sa ginatago bala kay kumbaga if naga
ubra ka sang istorya nga ang sakun ya ang conscience matters mo so indi pwede
nga daw wala ko gina consider ang konsensya bala dapat a true kaman, dapat a e
treat mo ang truth as a noble aspect abi sang imo pagiging informant so daw dira
ang fulfillment ko kay kung kis a halimbawa lang may gina hide ka or something
may mga kabutigan sa sarili mo nga lain na siya mo then kung strong ang faith mo
Iloilo City
117
kay God ya then sukton kana di kagid maka sleep sina ma feel kagid ya nga nga
guilty of something no so daw dira ang akon- abi ang importante sa akon na share
ko ang tanan tanan whaterver ang ma gather ko na share ko tanan tanan kag on
time indi pwede nga nag gather ko subong dayun dasun lang neh so kumbaga ang
fresh bake gid ya kung ano fresh cuts then people deserve fresh cuts diba? Kung sa
isda pa bala kanami mag kaon kung freska so kung balita amo mana daw may duty
ta nga to share sang mga fresh informations any informations sa tawo so daw amo
na ang akon nga goal.
Researcher: What regrets, if any do you have as a result of your employment in the
broadcast industry, any regrets.
Subject 2: Regrets? daw masiling ko indi man nga regrets a kay ang if we have
regrets then that’s still part of our job kumbaga indi ta ma appreciate ang aton nga
nga journey kung wala sang discomfort so discomfort is part of the game,
discomfort is part of the journey, but masiling ko nga wala ko siguro sang siling
nga ang regrets ko taga an ko sang atensyo to pull out sa path nga kung may ari
ko ara ang regrets, siguro regrets nga kung kis a du- day off mo pa dutihon ka
syempre regrets ka na daw sa kung ano bala nga mapahuway ka malupad ka sa
pamilya mo may schedule vacation ka wala ka gin pasugtan that’s our own
discomfort but indi siya ma fall siling nga daw e recognize ko sa nga ay way lang
na kay wala sing perfect sa journey ta part na siya sang ang mga weights nga na
Iloilo City
118
amo na ang gapa strong sang mga muscles ta sa aton nga journey kag
kinahanglan ta e overcome. So siguro parts sang pagmature ko masiling ko nga
ang indi ang mga regrets ko to ang mga discomfort nga to nag play sang bigger
role kung ano ang journey nga gina atubang ko kag indi ko sya pag e consider nga
a delete na na so failures and everything amo gin diin kita matupa may na sila
tanan sa aton kabuhi so kabay pa nga naka answer ato.
Researcher: What piece of advice can you give to non-communication graduates
who aspire to be in the broadcast industry?
Subject 2: If that is their interest and that dream then pursue it, pursue kay you
deserve sa sina nga journey kung ipakig bato muna kag ipagki- atubangon muna
then you are a warrior of your passion kag sang imo nga dream kay gusto mo mo
diba? So ang advice ko teh eh pursue kay ara da ang satisfaction mo if you will not
be satisfied then atleast you pursue you know nga ah I’m not satisfied at least you
give some try may may opportunity you you have swing your bat sa opportunity
nga na kumbaga no so atleast gin himo mo gin swing mo ang arm mo if ang
opportunity is like a baseball nga gin haboy sa imo damu sang opportunity if siling
mo ay ay opportunity neh e try ko b so kung ma igo mo da kag ma homerun mo
then diba? So kung wala mo gin swing ang arm mo sa any opportunity any passion
nga diin ka wala matabo sa imo if may goal ka then pursue it gid ya.
Researcher: How do you see yourself in the future working a job related to your
Iloilo City
119
course?
Subject 2: How do I fulfilled siguro fulfilled life e kay teh law actually gina consider
sang una ang political science nga the pre law akon lain man eh not all a- shapes
are equal so akon ya nakit an ko man ang political science is not only a law but not
a nadiscover ko nga kwan man siya gali ma tahi tahi ko siya ma form ko ang mga
broken pieces into something daw amo sina, so basi wala ko kabalo basi
government man e tup an ko e kay although nga you are in a private company but
you discuss prob- sa government man e basi dira man ang interest mo basi adviser
ka or teacher ka basi a political adviser ka or teacher siguro teacher or pitcher o
whatever daw amo sina, ok kabay pa nga may na share ko man a pero actually ang
what ang gin share ko daw ano na daw masiling ko ang fulfillment ko is product na
sang truth kag sang journey ko in 9 years kag amo gid na ang objective ko
whatever nga ma share ko truth ara sa akon amo na kag kung truth na let’s
students learn from it kay kumbaga lain man ang journey sang mga youngs lain
man ang akon pero kung path na kung career path na the possible nga sa young
journalist ma encounter man nila ang na encounter ko sang una so daw amo sina.
Iloilo City
120
Subject 3
Name (Optional):
Educational Attainment: BA Literature Graduate
Age: 30
Sex: M
Current Position: Reporter
Part II- Interview
Researcher: So the first question sir is, can you tell us something about yourself?
Subject 3: My name is Bombo (name) I’m thirty years old, and I live in San Miguel,
Jordan, Guimaras, I graduted elementary sa San Miguel central school and high
school Jordan national high school, college University of the Philippines Visayas,
Miag-ao campus, BA literature para mas tunog, BA literature ang akon kurso under
sa humanities division, I’m single my interest are writing poems, poetry in line with
my degree gid literature and I’m into hosting, I’m into singing sa videoke, ano pa
gid ang about sa self ko man, I’m a happy person they tell me, sometimes they
interpret me as weird but that’s ok sometimes I also considered myself weird but
generally I’m a peaceful man (laugh) with a kind heart and happy go lucky lang
ahh, jolly personality so that’s it about myself.

Iloilo City
121
Researcher: So why did you choose a career in media sir?
Subject 3: Daw cliché naman ni siya siguro, you know childhood dream, when I
was young gapamati gid kami radyo syempre sa uma bata ka pa expose ka na sa
radyo ti tv sang una daw waay pa, si lola ko gapamati pirme gakalingaw gid na siya
sa mga anchorman sa mga newscasters, mamemorize ya na mga program and ang
mga name sang mga broadcasters and then one day ambal ko tani ako man
pamatian ni lola mga amo amo na and then sang elementary nadala ako nga may
ara sharing kame sang amon mga dreams may ara pulis but then ako ya consistent
ako ya nga mangin reporter ako ukon broadcaster ako sa radio someday ugaling
amo lang na nga literature ang akon nakuha nga kurso kay I thought literature ang
easiest way nga magsulod sa UP kay ti wala quota course kag amo na ang pinaka
dyutay isa sa pinakadyutay nga kurso nga gina enroll sang mga sang mga ano mga
incoming nga mga college students and ang plano ko to is after one semester
mashift ako sa broadcasting sa broadcast communication galing gintamad na lang
ako magprocess sang mga papers so gintapos ko nalang ang literature pero after
graduation ginpursue ko man sa gihapon nga mag ubra sa ano sa media.
Researcher: Can you tell us some highlights of your work in media sir?
Subject 3: Siguro when I was given the opportunity nga maghost sang, sang isa ka
radio program gid wayback in 2012 ang bombo lifestyle naga air sya every
Saturday gid from nine in the morning to nine thirty, thirty minute program ma lang
Iloilo City
122
siya, daw biggest break ko man to because nga ano siya daw, daw nagsanto man
siya bala sa personality ko kay when I started as a reporter sa field syempre kun
ara sa field dapat arisgado ka, aggressive ikaw mangita sang balita kay ako indi
inline sa akon nga degree ang ginsudlan ko nga trabaho mangapa pa ko, yawan pa
k okay ti mahuyaon ko sa field mo, pero kung ako lang isa, kung pagustuhan lang
pasulaton lang ko pabasahon lang ko okay lang gid nay a pero kung anuon na ako
sa damo nga mga tawo kung patubang na ako sa damu nga mga tawo medyo
nabudlayan ko na, isa to sa mga highlights ang bombo lifestyle program and then
ano pa gid mga highlights ko man? So far daw isa sa ginakabig ko nga
pinakahighlight kay after that daw nag ano naman ah daw nagsunod-sunod na man
kakita guro sang potential mo nga mangin host man ako sa iban nga mga
programs like good morning Philippines rado rogram the longest running radio
magazine program that is every Sunday every seven thirty to twelve noon so
medyo malwig lawig pa gid nga program medyo ano pa gid sakit pagid sa utok, so
amo na two of the highlights sang akon nga work sa broadcast industry.
Researcher: What keeps you motivated in your work?
Subject 3: Kung baga ginakabig ko bi ang work ko sa radio as radio broadcaster
nga, damu sang naga dream man mum nga mangin broadcaster but very few ang
ginahatagan sang chance bala nga mabatun damu kamu ang naga apply and then
isa ikaw sa mabatun mapasaran mo ang psychological exam then makasulod ikaw,
Iloilo City
123
and lain ang fulfillment abi kung arak a sa radio kay kung mabatian ikaw sang
relatives mo, bisan family mo lang mabatian mo si mama mo “baw kanami sa imo
magreport kanami sang imo tingog”
Researcher: daw proud.
Subject 3: Daw fulfilling although ti kaisa daw maanu ka man ma feel down man eh
kay may iba nga gacriticize man sang imo performance sa radio pero amo na ang
motivation mo to perform well sa gihapon sa imo, sa akon job as a radio
broadcaster is damu naga appreciate simu and damu naga push pa gid sa imo to
do better everyday.
Researcher: How about in life? What keeps you motivated?
Subject 3: In life, in general?
Researcher: In general.
Subject 3: Siguro everyday you consider youself as a public servant by giving
peope the information that they need bisan ano, bisan simple lang na nga pwede
kami ka pa bombo dira kay amo ni may reklamo, and then you try bala nga
maghelp gid, bisan di mo sila nga mabuligan gid maaddress kung ano ila
kinahanglan to the fact kung kaisa nga makarespond ka sa ila nga mga text
messages sa ila nga mga chat then mapasalamat sila daw somehow daw ano man
sa ah, daw fulfilling man sa imo and mamotivate man ikaw nga everyday
mapisanan ko magduty kay bal an ko damo nagakinahanglan kag kung isa ako sa
Iloilo City
124
mga maka accommodate sa ila kung magpalapit diri sila kung magtawag sa phone
daw ara ang ano ah ang satisfaction mo sa imo self, at a young age when I
started, pila na ako man basta right after graduation pila edad nyo subong?
Researcher: Twenty two sir.
Subject 3: Na mga mu na twenty two right after graduation twenty two pa lang
edad mo tapus damu na naga ano sa imo damu na naga trust sa damu na naga
pangayo sang bulig daw ano ah daw fulfilling gid.
Researcher: The next question sir is, how do you see the relevance of you course
in your present work in media?
Subject 3: ahh BA literature more on reading and writing, napuslan ko gid sya sa
mga ano man diri sa mga paperworks man namun for example sa newswriting, sa
research mag ubra kame feature stories, for example mga valentines day feature
story about valentine’s day, Christmas kung ano man da nga mga ano celebrations
bala so mapuslan ko gid ang tinun an ko sa pagsulat sa pagka creative bala in
terms sa writing, kay kung sa feature story pwede imo ya maanu imagination mo
ya mum, unlike sa newswriting kinanglan palin indi ikaw maka bulak-bulak so
naging relevant man siya ang ano sa obra ko subong ang natapusan ko nga
degree.
Researcher: How do you learn your skills in a as a media practitioner?
Subject 3: First by prayers, (laugh) sorry, sorry, sorry and then observe ka lang
Iloilo City
125
pirme, observe ka sa imo mga seniors sa mga reporters, pamati ka sa ara sa mga
naga-on air gid pirme and then you listen sa advice man eh sang mga ahead man
sa imo sa mga nauna, mas madamu na experience sa broadcast industry as a
media practitioner and then tuon ikaw, basa basa man sa mga books man eh sa
media broadcasting, newscasting, newswriting and everyday kinanglan ipractice mo
kung anong weakness mo kung sa diin nga field ikaw weak ahh si Bombo John amo
nay a amon assistant station manager, kung sa diin ikaw weak na amo na idevelop
mo amo ma lang na.
Researcher: How do you apply your degree in your present work in the media?
Subject 3: hmm daw paryus sila sang number.
Researcher: ahhmm ang relevance
Subject 3: Huo, How do you apply your degree into your present work in the
media?
Researcher: Dugangan mo lang guro sir.
Subject 3: Siguro kay ti kun sa literature nga kurso kinahangan ang most
appropriate words ang gamiton mo so daw kay ti kung Hiligaynon ang gamiton ta
bisan kita
Researcher: kis-a di maintiyendihan
Subject 3: Huo, may case huo nabudlayan ko maggamit sang Hiligaynon mu so
kinahanglan kung nagasulat ikaw sang news or naga report ikaw on-air
Iloilo City
126
kinahanglan medyo maabtik man ang utok mo mas masangkad ang vocabulary mo
sa Hiligaynon language mas bintaha sa imo kay ma mas mapili mo ang mas
appropriate ang pinaka tsakto bala nga word para idescribe mo sa is aka incedent
like for example one time sang naga start pa lang ko imbes nga buno ang gamitun
ko nga adjective ginbuno ang gingamit ko gintuslok (laugh) so una ko to nga kahuy
anan kay ti gin akigan ko nila on-air so gintuslok sang kutsilyo so isa to nga
kinahanglan masangkad ang vocabulary mo sa Hiligaynon nga language.
broadcast industry?
Subject 3: Difficulties? Ahh siguro sa ano
Researcher: ang pinakanabudlayan mo gid?
Subject 3: pinakanabudlayan ko gid kung ara ko sa field at first phase sang akon
nga ano ahh akon nga employment diri as a field reporter kinahanglan kung una
arisgado ikaw aggressive ikaw indi ikaw maghuya huya, kinahanglan ano ikaw naga
compete gid ikaw.
Researcher: competitive.
Subject 3: huo especially kun may ara iban nga reporters bala halin sa iban nga
station indi nga dapat ano ikaw nga pabay an mo sila nga sila ang mauna as much
as possible unahan mo sila, and then ari, isa sang nag start ko, medyo interesting
ni siya. Sang nagstart ko sa bombo lifestyle nga program aga pa na before

Iloilo City
127
magstart na sang program naga inom ako na beer one to two bottles kay indi gid
ko na confident maghambal so pila ka consecutive nga Saturdays two to three
months siguro.
Researcher: Live na siya sir ang Bombo lifestyle?
Subject 3: Bombo lifestyle live na siya gina imnan ko gid na beer para madula ang
huya ko bala para di bal anon nga ginakulbaan ko kay sa amo to nga time
bestfriend ko gid ang beer 2012 nagstart ang ano august or july? July, August,
September, so three months na nga every Saturday naga inom gid ko beer para
lang indi ko maghuya-huya nga once mag anu na ako mag on board na ako sa
anchor’s booth.
Researcher: Being a non-communication graduate, how did you adjust to the
environment of the broadcast industry?
Subject 3: Being a non-communication graduate, how did you adjust to the
environment of the broadcast industry? Siguro you ano, for example you have
given this schedule five four in the morning to twelve noon kinanglan duty ka until,
twelve and then extend ka pagid kay kung kaisa ang mga kinahanglan mo nga mga
lessons about sa radio reporting indi mo maman an mo sa mga upod mo sa like
partner mo sa field senior reporter m okay ang iban makuha mo sa ano sa iban
man nga reporters bala, so kinanglan exert ka gid effort nga ma ano bala
maextend sang imo nga time nga bisan naga overtime ka na naga pagab-I ka na
Iloilo City
128
diri kay kung masalig ka lang sa mga tawo nga upod mo pirme limitado ang imo
matun an and may mga tawo da nga indi mo upod nga may mashare man sa imo,
atleast daw tanan sila bala may ano ka may makuha ka sa ila.
Researcher: Can you name some award that you have garnered in your work in the
broadcast industry?
Subject 3: Yes may ara ako! Sang sang last year lang ano nga month to gani ahh
October? Last year ang bombo lifestyle was awarded best media program sa
catholic mass media awards so feeling ko isa to sa mga highlights sa work ko as a
program host, isa ma lang award ko.
Researcher: how do you see yourself in ten years or more?
Subject 3: Ten years from now?
Researcher: Station manager ka na sir?
Subject 3: Indi, siguro mga area manager ang position ko, indi ahh siguro ari man
ko gihapon sa ano ahh sa Bombo sa broadcast industry sagihapon, mas damu na
ang awards, mas damu na ang achievement, mas fulfill ka na sa work and siguro
may family na man k okay budlay maglaon.
Researcher: What satisfy you in your work in the broadcast industry?
Subject 3: Syempre i-ano ko na idulaon ko na ang sweldo, kay ang sweldo indi
satisfying.
Researcher: Indi makasatisfy.

Iloilo City
129
Subject 3: hmm indi makasatisfy, ang mga perks ya, like for example kay ara ikaw
sa media biskan kulang ang imo nga ano gani na ah, maskin indi ikaw too credible
nga mag ano or example for this event nga magjudge ikaw, pero because nga ara
ikaw sa media ara ikaw sa Bombo daw taas ang panulokan sang tawo sa imo
siguro amo na, and then kaina para daw ano bala more personal siya nga
experience, nagjudge ako sa tribe, cultural competition sa Salakayan festival
syempre ginakabig ko man self ko nga daw ano ang idea ko da sa mga cultural
competition, somehow may nahibaluan man ko per okay knowing nga kaina ang
mga upod mo bala nga mga judges may mga doctorate degree tapus may mga ano
gid ya kay ang interest nila dira gid ya sa mga cultural nga mga ano cultural thing,
tapos ikaw ano ka lang, ano ka lang reporter ka lang, so daw na ginsaligan ikaw so
isa ina sa mga satisfying siguro na you earn the trust of people even though
sometimes you tell yourself you don’t deserve this kind of trust that they give you.
Researcher: What regrets if any do you have as a result of your employment in the
broadcast industry? Do you have any regrets sir?
Subject 3: Well I think regrets, siguro ano, ang regret ko lng siguro ang way ko
ginpursue nga magkuha gid nga magshift sa ano sa broadcast communication kay
kun siguro naka ano ako, naka, ang degree ko broadcasting gid pagsulod ko diri
daw bal an mo na bala kun ano himuon mo kay bisan sa reporting sa newscasting
it took a year para ma ano ako nila sa maka on-board ako as newscaster kay ting
Iloilo City
130
way ako kabalo kung ano spacing, kung sa diin mapause, kung panu magbasa and
then maskin magsulat sang news item, so siguro kun ano kun nagdouble major ako
mas mayu pa gid siguro pero kon nagtake ako siguro sang broadcast
communication way ako nangapa mas prepared ako sa pagsulod ko sa broadcast
industry.
Researcher: Kag ang heart mo sir sa broadcasting gid?
Subject 3: Huo sa broadcasting gid.
Researcher: Pero subong sir sa pag employ mo di sa broadcast industry wala ka
man regrets, happy ka man?
Subject 3: Regrets? Daw waay man ko regrets subong, daw waay ako may
madumduman nga ano nga regrets subong daw tanan subong ano ah fulfilling
except sa you know ginmention ko kagina.
Researcher: How do you see yourself in the future working in the job related to
your course?
Subject 3: Actually ang hambal ko if ever nga kung if I’m opt to reason from work,
from my job gina forsee ko is mangin ano ko instructor, teacher.
Researcher: Do you have plans sir nga mag o wala?
Subject 3: Yes I have plans.
Researcher: What piece of advice to the non-communication graduates who aspire
to be in the broadcast industry?

Iloilo City
131
Subject 3: To non-communication graduates who aspire to be in the broadcast
industry, siguro before kamu magsulod kinanglan you have all the guts and
passion, kay ti ako passion lang so kulang sa guts, so kinanglan with passion their
should be guts man kay indi kompleto mum kay kulang ikaw kulang ang elements
mo kung mamiss mo ang isa sa duwa nga ni ang guts and passion. Kung passion
lang kulang, kung guts lang kulang and then additional lang do not be afraid to
learn, do not be afraid nga maembarassed ikaw on-air kay on-air embarrassment
will help you, will make you nga magstrive pa gid to do better sa next time nga
magrepot ikaw on air sa next time nga mag on-board ikaw sa anchors booth.
Iloilo City
132
Subject 4
Name (Optional):
Educational Attainment: AB Political Science
Age: 48
Sex: M
Current Position: Area Manager
Part II- Interview
Researcher: So good afternoon sir, thank you for the time. First question sir, can
you tell us something about yourself?
Subject 4: I’m (name) presently the area manager of Bombo Radyo Visayas, under
me, under my supervision are Bombo stations such as Bombo Tacloban, Cebu,
Roxas, Kalibo, Iloilo, and Bacolod and I’m based here at Bombo radyo Iloilo. So I’m
with Bombo radyo for 28 years, yes so ano pa presently married with one child and
I’m 48 years old.
Researcher: Why did you choose a career in media?
Subject 4: ahh actually it was not intentionally that I really chose since I was a, I’m
a Political, I was, I graduated in the course of political science, actually at that time
I want to pursue my law studies no, but my mother heard that there was a job
Iloilo City
133
hiring announcement at Bombo radyo I didn’t know it a hiring ng Bombo radyo
tapos siling ya “kadtui lang to para basi maka ano ka kung ano to” only then to
realize that it was hiring for Bombo reporter, at first I was hesitant no, I was
hesitant but there was one reporter also from CPU nga Bombo reporter na man
siya and he told me nga ano kaw nahadlok kaw? Siling ko waay ahh sige apply ko
di ahh so it was then I applied and hopefully I was able to pass all the examination,
interviews and everything so I was admitted and accepted sa bombo so that was,
that was it.
Researcher: as a reporter sir?
Subject 4: my first assignment was in the patrol no? Kase at that time so, I was
assigned at the patrol ang rest nga mga batch ko to ya te may mga newsroom,
kagawad Joshua Alim was my batch sa may Bombo.
Researcher: can you tell us your work experience in the broadcast industry?
Subject 4: First I was assigned sa may patrol and then I was assigned at Iloilo city
hall, and then I became a bit reporter na sa may city hall and then hall of justice, I
became newscaster and anchorman and then I was assigned in Roxas, assistant
manager and a year later station manager of Bombo radyo Roxas, then after 6
years back here sa Iloilo and then nag anchorman na man ako diri, and then nag
station manager and then I was assigned also in the Bacolo as station manager and
as an area manager of west, of Bombo Visayas for 11 years so 11 years na man.

Iloilo City
134
Researcher: Ang, what made you pursue a career sir in the media? Ano gid ang
nag pursue?
Subject 4: (cough) Because at that time it was fun no?, daw ka sadya lang ti daw
sikat kaw and then ti pirme lang kami to naproklamar sang una ti pirme lang reyna,
ti daw kasadya and every, it was really a challenge because every day you meet
people a different kinds of people of all classes may politico, manggaranon, pigado
so it’s a relevant no a relevant and very challenging it’s a unique kind of job no,
considering na you are being respected, sakay ka sa jeep waay plete.
Researcher: Damo connections (laugh)
Subject 4: Huo and then you are, of course ang popularity ara because everywhere
you go ahh “ayh si bombo Warren naman ohh” it’s the popularity as long as na you
are being adored kag na you are delivering what are expected of you so it’s a
different kind of feeling ti especially amo na ang siling ko nga especially the
popularity.
Researcher: Next is what keeps you motivated in life sir?
Subject 4: in relation sa ano?
Researcher: In your personal life sir.
Subject 4: well sa personal motivation is that nga you meet different people,
different kinds of people, and then they look at you, they look up at you nga daw
ikaw ang dalangpan sang ano sang problema nila, and its ka ano man no? ka
Iloilo City
135
satisfying man no?nga where in kay ti upon presentation man no ka what they
need, what they wanted, once nga makabulig ka may ano man may self-
gratification man and may self-fulfillment ka man no kay its because eventually you
are also happy and being reward, daw may reward ka man kay ti its because nga
out of that help nga naextend ni mot i mu na gapasalamat sa imo, it’s a different
ano no, nga feeling, and then the people nga ano nga naga-adore sa imo kag who
believes in you its because nga ti everytime you go on air, they have something to
look in to and to look up to “gusto ko si amo ni si bombo amo ni” so daw amo na
naging motivation ko man na as long as once you go on air there people nga may
expectations sa imo as a broadcaster, as a journalist, especially ari diri sa Bombo.
Researcher: How about sa work sir, what keeps you motivated?
Subject 4: Well sa work because na, because of the organization its because nga
resistant ang working environment no? the atmosphere and the culture nga ari diri
gina teach, gina embide, where in it guided you kung ano nga direction you want,
you are going to push through somehow ti diri sa amon once nga magviolate ka sa
mga policies it is being punished, it is coupled with disciplinary actions for weeks no
so with that we are also motivated, its because nga what we are doing is the right
thing.
Researcher: And how you see the relevance of your course as a Pol Sci to your
present work in the media.

Iloilo City
136
Subject 4: Actually I really found it na advantageous its because na especially diri
sa broadcast because sa radio it requires nga ano gid sa ang eloquency mo as far
as talking is concern no? Ti sa Pol Sci student ya baisay nga baisay ma lang obra
namon sa ano mong no? Mga theories, mga regarding sa mga governments,
opinions, so I found it nga ano no? nga ay kasimple ma lang gle di ya especially
that you are a extemporaneous speaker no, you know how to express yourself, into
words, even mas ano kame, mas at that time ang mga ano namon diri mga
masscom perdi pa namon its because kalabanan nga naga anchorman kag reporter
at that time mga Pol Sci no, ang mga masscom ya sa newsroom lang sila ya kag sa
research yak ay its because nga, they don’t have the exposure as far as speaking is
concern, especially the discussion sa mga issues, so it was an advantage sa amon
no? so that is why ang gina kuha ang ginaprefer at that time Pol Sci, we find it
which nga more advantageous kung Pol Sci kaw, pero amo lang ina ang negative is
that ang ti kung mag obra ka balita ti daw mahinay kami eh, ti at that time ya kung
mag obra ko balita ya ginasulat ko lang, its because nga I do not know how to type
and I do not know how to construct gid ya sang balita no. ti kung ano lang
maintiendihan ko ti amo lang ina, of which I know also how to construct no pero ti
as far as the basics of newswriting medyo dehado kami da, at once we go on-air ya
reporting and then discussion of opinions, issues, ahh ti bentaha naman kame.
Researcher: How did you learn your skills sir as a media practitioner?
Iloilo City
137
Subject 4: Well of course through experience ti before you become an anchorman
you have to go through sa ano man sa needy greedy man sa ano mum sa reporter
so at first you do not know how to report, kay sang-una una ko nga report sa
patrol ang akon nga handset ya sang-una siling ya “base, base” siling ko hello-
hello, so you don’t have the idea no? but through exposure, practice, so you
become what you want to be no? if you want to be a good reporter, you want to be
a good investigator, if you want to be a good anchorman no? So you have to go
through, it’s a long, actually it’s a long process no? its not an overnight process that
one day after a one week of sleep uh you realize you are already an anchorman so
its not that, so,
Researcher: experience
Subject 4: experience, exposure, training,
Researcher: Seminars
Subject 4: and practice (clears throat) ohh seminars not ano gid ya practice gid ya,
so practice, exposure.
Researcher: next sir, are you able to apply your non-related course or non-related
sa imo nga present work sir?
Subject 4: yah amo to gani, as an anchorman ou know how to express yourself
eloquently, ti diri hay as a reporter, I know how to ask question sa mga dignitaries
like mga senador, vice-president, presidenti, tanan pede so just because sa ano
Iloilo City
138
lang na how you play with words then how you connect the words and how to
speak and express yourself, so that’s the most ano ma lang no, important weapon
ni mo dira, once nga you know how to do it, plus ang confidence mo so amo ma
lang na, once you are confident with yourself everything will follow ma lang, so that
is why nga I find it advantageous ang background ko sa Pol Sci, so dugangan pa
gid tin aka ano man ako no? naka may mga units man ako sa law ti wara ako
katapos.
Subject 4: What is the difficulties nga na encounter mo in your work sir in the
media?
Subject 4: Difficulty?
Researcher: Hardships?
Subject 4: Ang ano lang, ang sometimes kung may mga issues and then ang mga
affected sa kilala mo, medyo ano man sometimes you have to weight, kung diin
ang tagaan mo bug-at ang imo nga responsibility as a journalist no? as a
broadcaster or ang imong affiliation na man to ang migo ko to may kwan pa gid?
Amo na no? so somehow daw dira, especially ang mga affected ang mga kilala mo
so dira ka gid, dira ka gid matest, dira ka gid na matest.
Researcher: Mga threats bi sir?
Subject 4: sa mga threats, actually sa akon personally ti wala ya mga, although ti
sa Roxas to ang amon istasyon pirme gina tiro to,gina habuyan Granada sa diri ti
Iloilo City
139
waay man, ti as long as na fair, objective, kag wala ka ma lang ya sang may na
agrabyado, way man may ma pahug sa imo ah, unless may gina agrabyado kaw,
kay kung ang imo ma lang ya gina obra is just a presentation of facts and issues
wala malisya, so far sakon way man, although sa iban may ara nag id man pero
well anyway you can listen to them on how they carry the program if it is malicious
or not and if indeed kung sino ang subject sina kung mareact ka gid or indi, you
know.
Researcher: how about sir? How did you adjust sa environment sang broadcast
industry? In the first time sang mga first time mo bala sir?
Subject 4: Although ti at first actually medyo mahuluy on man ako mum, daw indi
man gani ko, nakibot man gani ko nga nakasulod ko sa media mum, kay akon lang
ya kung sa klasi ya ti marecite ka ma lang ti the fact nga you go out, you meet
people, you interview nga magpakapal ka gid dira nga daw kung kis a way ka
ginasapak nga kung mag interview kaw agas lagas kaw kung diin to, at first, uhh
medyo ano gid medyo challenging gid sya katama kag ang adjustment gid medyo
grai gid kay there is a demand for you to get the news kay pagbalik mo wala ka
balita diri “wala ka balita nanu man ta pangita to” so that is why medyo ang
motivation mo dira is once you get the news medyo lipay ka man especially kung
mabatian ka on-air? Ti pagpuli ko to” baw nami to nami to report mo” so that is
the ano man mga perks kag amo to mga adjustments nga at first medyo
Iloilo City
140
mabudlayan ka gid man, kay ti huya huya ka pa mum, pero dugay dugay ti wala ka
na man huya eh.
Researcher: Can you name some awards sir, awards that you garnered while
working in the broadcast industry?
Subject 4: well sa akon no, personally, ano eh ti diri sa Bombo may for several ang
Roxas under me nangin best station, best assistant production manager,
outstanding production manager, then diri sa Iloilo nangin best station man ang
Iloilo kag tis a CPU ang distinguished alumnus kag ti iban man nga ano ah kis a
way ko na man, nalipat na daan ako,
Researcher: how long do you plan to work in the media? How longer?
Subject 4: I, I am not sure no, ay ti way gani ko kabalo nga diri ko masulod ti as
long as ti makaya mo pa man although diri sa Bombo may mga retirement scheme
man kami, and then there are those man nga you shift profession, you shift man
sang ano mo sang career may ara man no, so so for me I am not sure yet if I’m
going to retire at the age of fifty or sixty so way pa ah come what may.
Researcher: And what satisfies you in your work sir in the media?
Subject 4: Well if you see people you have been helping go through sa mga
difficulties nila and then the fulfillment nga ti ang balita, makuha mo madeliver mo
and then you see also na the operation sang station nga ang amon motto you get
the news first, fast and right, and then we are the most listened to so far that’s the
Iloilo City
141
ano ma lang the ultimate objectives sang is aka radio station or radio reporter to be
the number one, as long as you are the number one, you are the most listened to,
you are the most trusted, so that’s it.
Researcher: What regret sir do you have, if any as a result sir of your employment
in the media?
Subject 4: well ti siguro basi abogado na ako siguro, kay ang iban ko nga mga
batch ti abogado na, ang iban ti ato na sa abroad, ang iban may mga negosyo na
man, ti ako ya ari pa ko sa Bombo, the only thing somehow, ti kun abanse sila ya
sa bulsa but then, sa public sa hearts and mind sang daw ano ya eh ti medyo
popular kilala ka ya, you can call or text ang mayor ang gobernor, ang
congressman, katawag ka “Cong” ti akigan mo kung gusto mo (chuckles) ti amo
lang ra siguro no ti mga regrets mo na ti kung nag abogado ka ti damu na ta
kwarta guro kung nagdoktor man ako damu man kwarta ko pero diri ya sa radyo,
diri sa Bombo way gid ah, so somehow financially siguro amo gid na kay once nga
you are in the media ti way you cannot expect nga maging multi-millionaire kaw
ukon manggaranon kaw, ti damo ka lang eh abyan, kilala mo na eh, so it might be
siguro no amo na ang mga regrets ti abi kun iban ang career ko, iban ang
profession ko I am also somebody no ti somehow as long as you are here
makabulig ka sa tawo ti okay na man.
Researcher: Do you see yourself sir? Working in a job related to your course?
Iloilo City
142
Subject 4: (clears throat) well I’m still ano man no, ang mga kilala ko still saying
nga ti tapusa na lang ang law mo, so daw ka ti wala man ta abi sang tiempo sang
before sini nga we can go back to school, there, but then its not too late there is a
possibility, kakadto gani ang tawo sa bulan, so amo lang na school, may iban pa
may classmate gani ako sang una nga tag- nagretire na mga maestro gaeskwela pa
sa law, anyway pila pa lang man edad ta iba gani sisenta gaeskwela pa so its not
really entirely nga remote nga could still no pursue sang akon man nga course, nga
ti other than sang profession ko sa broadcast ukon sa media.
Researcher: ahh last question sir, what piece of advice can you give to non-
communication graduate nga gusto man sir magwork sa may media?
Subject 4: So the only advice is that if you really wanted to be in the media atleast
really no, you aim you reach the, you have the passion, well because right now it’s
difficult because may anon a the advance may mga ano na may social media and
everything and then daw kadamo na sang mga alternatives, and then the financial
reward abi sa media is not that big, so if you really want it you have to sacrifice
something,the sacrifice is you have to devote most of your time sa profession mo,
and then sometimes ti your family is not in your priority because the priority is your
job, they ti as what they say, ang balita hindi natutulog, so dapat indi kamo
magtulog kun extend ti there is no holiday, no birthday, diri sa media, so if you
want nga daw may financially rewardee so this is not the profession para sa imo,
Iloilo City
143
but then amo na that’s what they say nga if it’s your passion which you find
satisfaction, so you go for it, amo lang na kung ano ya gusto mot i go for it.
Researcher: Sir, thank you gid for your time sir.
Subject 4: okay, okay.

Iloilo City
144
Subject 5
Name (Optional):
Educational Attainment: BS Criminology
Age: 45
Sex: M
Current Position: Anchorman
Part II- Interview
Reseacher: ok sir first question. Can you tell us about youself?
Subject 5: Tall, dark and handsome (laugh) never mind, ano abi man, simple pero
kwan ah, sa personal medyo maamigohon pero kung ara na sa microphone indi na
mapaaraguhon, medyo maisog sa radyo pero sa personal lain.
Researcher: So why did you choose a career in media sir?
Subject 5: Actually accidental kay during the time sang wala pa ko ka kuha sang
akon nga course nga criminology, high school pa lang ko kay stempre working
student ako mum so gatrabaho ako sa isa ka security agency nang kwan na siya
private company bilang security agency, sa security agency nga na indi man ako
gwardia indi man ako ang boss kundi ako ang janitor, manug luto manug laba in
short boy during the time ang akon nga, ang akon nga ginatrabahuhan nga
Iloilo City
145
security agency amo na gaduty sa radio station sa MBZ-DYEZ Bacolod, Bacolod City
so every morning after sang akon nga pagluto pagpanglaba panghimos sa balay
gakadto ko sa radio station during the time, pero high school pa lang ako sadto
mga 3rd year high school asta sa ulihi, mga reporters mga migo ko bilang isa ka
boli boy ginasugo sugo man ko sang mga reporters mabakal sigarilyo until na close
ko ang mga reporters during the time kada mabati ko sa ila mabalita daw nakita ko
daw nahapusan ko bala, daw hapos ma lang gali magbalita daw amo na bala until
nga before ako mag graduate sa high school nag volunteer reporter ako kay ang
station manager sang DYEZ during that time si Mr. Floretino boy Robles kwan na
siya bana bala ni Mrs.Cora Baniergo Robles sang DYDQ radyo budyong bana ya na
sa Bacolod, nadiscover niya ko kay during the time nag pulopongko ko sa patrol
way ko klase nagpulopungko ko sa patrol sang DYEZ ginuyat uyatan ko ang
handset kag maghulohambal ara sya sa likod ara ko sa tubang nabatian ya abi ko
kung sin o nagbangon siya siling ya sino to ang gareport report? na so accidental
nabatian ya tingog ko so after sina gintistingan ya ko magreport, during the time
actually, during 90's actually wala pa ni actually ang course nga masscom so bisan
sin-o lang basta may abilidad pwede ka report pero during the time indi pa ako
graduate way pa ko gani college, high school ako nagsulod sa radyo mga 1992 so
gareport report ako until nga nag graduate ako sa high school, 3rd year high school
ako ay fourth year high school graduating nagkuha ako examination sa KPB pwede
Iloilo City
146
sang una kakuha sina during the time basta may outlet ka lang na ginatrabahuhan
so ginsponsor ako sang company, Manila Broadcasting Company nga magkuha man
sang examination mapalad nga swerte so nakapasar ako, so amo ina ang start
sang career ko sa radyo, until nga nageskwela ako sa college sige ubra ko sa
radyo.
Researcher: Pero ang ginkuha mo nga course sir is criminology?
Subject 5: Yes
Researcher: Can you tell us sir the highlight of your work in broadcast industry?
Subject 5: Nangin mataas nga position ko ang nangin program director ako sang
RMN Roxas, City.
Researcher: Sang ano na nga year sir?
Subject 5: Ahh 2005-2007 after that nagresign ako didto nagsaylo ako ginhire ako
sang GMA Iloilo so after that until 2010, 2010 nagresign ko pero amo na siya 2010
nagresign ko, actually may almost may ika diseotso lang may saylo saylo ako radio
station, company.
Researcher: Pila ka radio station sir?
Subject 5: Ah mga apat ka company, manila broadcasting company, GMA, RMN,
Bombo kaagi ko sa Bombo sa Roxas, Bacolod, asta sa cadiz DYAJ kaagi pa ko asta
sa Cebu daw nalibot ko na bilog nga region 6 asta sa region 7 asta sa diri ko ang
latest ko diri sa action radyo 2013 ko nagsugod until now.

Iloilo City
147
Researcher: What keeps you motivated in your work sir?
Subject 5: Ah ti syempre number one kinahanglanon mo man mabuhi so number
one sweldo, so number two public service pro kung imo lantawon daw ika-duha na
lang gani ang kwarta kay number one gid ang public service kay gamay ang sweldo
sang media sa tuod-tuod lang bal an nyo man na gamay ang sweldo sang media
pero kay galing sa dugo guro sang media eh hmm daw passion mo bala nga kag
mabal an mo bala nga kung isa sa isa ka tawo ang dugo ya bala ara sa media kay
once makakita sang mga gamay lang bala nga may public interest gakadto gid na
sila dayun ginagaan gid ya na importansya basta bala an ya may public interest so
amo na sya ang isa sa nagapabilin sa akon kag bisan indi lang sa akon bisan sa
mga upod ko.
Researcher: What keeps you motivated in life sir in general?
Subject 5: Syempre pamilya ko.
Researcher: May pamilya ka na sir nga imo gid?
Subject 5: Yes, I have a wife isa lang ah (laugh) tapos may duwa ako ka kids, so
syempre family ko man my mother ko, mga bugto ko.
Researcher: So how do you see the relevance of your course to your present work
Subject 5: teh supposedly daw nagkwan man siya daw nagsanto man siya kay
Bachelor of Science in Criminology ang trabaho parti gyapon sa criminality pero

Iloilo City
148
may ara siya nga portion nga nakabulig ang akon nga kurso pero may ara gid siya
ya separado nga kinahanglan mo gid ya magtuon todo-todo, kung sabagay ang
criminology kun criminality asta layi mum so ang kasuguan ara gyapon so may
angot gid sa ya sakon siling ko maskin indi masscom medyo kabalo-balo ka man
kay ti medyo tungod nga ang course ko medyo naglapit-lapit man siya so ti
kaintiendi ka man sang layi kay ti syempre.
Researcher: naanuhan mo man siya.How did you learn your skills as a media
practitioner? Paano mo siya nalearn?
Subject 5: Daw sang, siguro nahaposan ko premiro mum, pero sang sa ulihi sa
sige-sige nga, ang media, ang trabaho abi sang media daw halos adlaw-adlaw
galearn ka may learning process ya na nga halos adlaw-adlaw galearn ka like for
example may issue nga matabo, indi pwedi nga ireport mo itackle mo nga indi ka
magresearch so sige-sige ang imo nga, ang trabaho sang media sige ka ya tuon
mum indi pwedi nga magpundo ka sa pagtuon so amo na sya kung ngaa nga halos
kada adlaw-adlaw kada tackle mo sang issue may ginapangita ka gid, mabukad ka
gid pirme libro para mabal an mo kung ano ang nakatuon sa sina nga layi or sa
sina nga kasugoan para atleast mabal an mo man kay kun indi man pwedi nga
itackle mo ang issue nga ti indi mo mabal an kag indi puno ang imo nga knowledge
kulang sa on-air hikayan ka sang imo mga tagpalamati
Researcher: Dira ka naglearn sir, sa sige-sige,

Iloilo City
149
Subject 5: Huo
Researcher: How do you apply your course in your present work in the media?
pano mo naaply ang course mo sir?
Subject 5: So pareho man to sa gihapon eh sa pagprocess mo sa, te kay natun an
mo na nga daan ang kasuguan ara man sa, sa pagtuon mo man gihapon eh sa
adlaw-adlaw.
media sir?
Subject 5: Ang time nga indi kamu pirme magkitaay sang asawa mo sang pamilya
mo sang family mo difficult katama kay ti syempre may mga time nga ang
assignment mo like for example pang gab i ka, so indi na man pwedi nga magpuli
ka sa balay nyo kay ti syempre delikado man, ok lang kung reporter ka nga
ordinary waay ka gakomentaryo, so kung komentarista ka may mga tawo nga iban
indi na ka intiende nga trabaho lang ang imo way ka gapamersonal, ang iban
personalon ka nila may ara nga maakig may ara nga manamian man sa imo, pero
ang kalabanan nga gakaakig gadumot na sa imo personalon ka nila, tungod sa
kadelikado sang kabuhi mo may mga resgo indi ka na lang mag, may mga time nga
ang imo nga asawa imong mga kabataan indi ka gusto nga makilala sang publiko
kay para sa ila nga security reason ikaw lang isa mapakilala ti kung kaisa soltero ko
eh (laugh) so difficult.
Iloilo City
150
Researcher: Mga threats bi sir?
Subject 5: Threats? Tagalumapaw, and cases libel
Researcher: Pila na ka years sir? Diri lang gid ya sa aksyon?
Subject 5: Indi ah sa didto sang una sa iban ko sang una nga mga radio station
may mga threats na ako sang sa Roxas gani ako sang sa una ya may patong na sa
ulo ko nalagyo lang ko didto ko nagpa assign sa Bacolod sang mga 2000 , amo na
nga naghalin ko to sa Roxas sang una 2006 tungod nga during the time
napatongan ulo ko nga 300,000 napatungan ulo ko nga patyon ako tapos luwas
sina kaagi man ko nga ginsulod ako didto sa akon nga ginaubrahan sa station
damu damu sila mayu lang gani nakapanago ako didto sa cr (laugh) so ang
nagsulod diri sa akon during the time sa dir indi na first sa akon.
Researcher: Daw naanad ka naman sir?
Subject 5: Naandan ko na naman teh amo na eh ang death threats ya unay
Researcher: Daw wala ka na namag o sa mga muna kag naandan.
Subject 5: Libel cases damo-damo for almost 24 years ko nga serbisyo sa radyo
mga naka nagfile sa akon kaso nga libel na ka 48, 48 cases of libel, 48 counts and
dissmiss na man na sila tanan.
Researcher: kay naprove man nga wala.
Subject 5: may ara isa, may ara isa naconvict ako, pero ang conviction ko hindi
nagakahulugan nga may sala ako kundi napatumbayaan namun sang abogado ko
Iloilo City
151
waay namun maatenan so ginpromulgage sang judge kay waay kame kaattend.
Researcher: Next question sir, Being a non-communication graduate how did you
adjust sa environment kang media?
Subject 5: Primero nabudlayan gid man ako eh kay syempre lain ang imo nga
natun an lain man, teh compare sa mga communication graduate ya amo na daan
ya ang tanan-tanan, ti ang inang communivation, ang inang ginatudlo sa inyo sa
eskwelahan nyo papel lang na tanan-tanan pero sa actual lain, dako sang kinalain,
ang sa inyo ginatun an pero ang sa akon gina adjust ko na, samtang gasige-sige
gatuon ka eh so indi pwedi nga indi ka magtuon kay kung indi ka magtuon mapirde
ka sang mga communication graduate teh syempre amo na na nga daan ila, plus
isa pa gid sa medyo nabulo budlayan kame nga indi mga communication graduate
sa mga dubbing, sa mga pag-insert sang mga music kung ano-ano mga amo na,
Researcher: Technicals
Subject 5: Technicals kag sa mga kwan video-video pro siling sa broadcast lang
maka compete kame, kay gatuon man kame.
Researcher: Can you name some award that you garnered while working in the
media.
Subject 5: Daw waay gid ang award ko puro tanan libel nga kaso may ara man
mga campaign against illegal drugs may award ako na sa Department of Education,
pero sa PNP kag PDEA daw wala gid sa Local Government Unit wala man, wala nila
Iloilo City
152
ginarecognize.
Researcher: biskan nga sa iban ka pa nga ano?
Subject 5: huo wala, kung sa mga community services siguro teh daw, waay kay
daw indi gid man ko abi kwan eh.
Researcher: Daog ka man ya sir sa mga listeners.
Subject 5: Huo sa mga listeners, amo na award ko sa mga listeners ko number one
akon program (laugh)
Researcher: How do you see yourself in ten years or more?
Subject 5: From now? hmm basi nagatinigulang,
Researcher: Like maretire?
Subject 5: May posibilidad nga maretire na ako siguro ten years from now ay ti 45
na ako subong after ten years mga 55 na ako depende kun sa media ni bisan 70
kun ang tingog mo nami pa kag bakal ka pa sa on-air daw ok pa man teh indi pa
man masiguro ah, ina kung indi ako mapatay sang manugpatay sa akon eh (laugh)
actually during the time when I was 20 gapangamuyo ko nga mag 25 years old ako
kay nagstart ako nakatilaw ako sang death threat when I was 19 years old.
Researcher: Ahh Commentator ka na? bali gaeskwela ka pa lang to college sir?
Subject 5: huo pwerte kulba ko mga almost two weeks nga wala ako katulog kay ti
syempre first ni mo nga batun sang death threat bala kulbaan ka gid eh, makon
nimo bata ka pa, tulukon ka lang sang masakit sang una kulbaan ka na gani ayhan
Iloilo City
153
pa (laugh)
Researcher: What satisfies you in your work in media? Ano gid bala ang nagasatisfy
sa imo.
Subject 5: Sang primero pa lang nga daan pagsulod ko diri sa media satisfy na ako
sang ulihi nga ni sang nagka death threat na kung kis a naga hinulsol man ako
mum ngaa nagmedia man ao ya man? pero gabawi na siya may mga times man
nga gabawe nga ti amo man na gyapon sa tanan nga trabaho bisan ano lang man
may risgo
Researcher: Wala mo man sir na for sake lang bala sa mga listener kinanglan mo
icontinue bala.
Subject 5: huo amo na lang na kita mo sa amon diri sa station sa akon na lang
mismo bisan gani leave of absence waay o galeave kay ginapamnsar ko listeners
magluwas lang gid magbalatian ko nga waay na gid ko tingog eh.
Researcher: Bali daw nasabat mo na ni sir pero pwede eh expand mo lang? What
regrets if may ara nga result kang employment mo sa broadcast industry.
Subject 5: So amo na actually kun sa sweldo lang waay ko gahinulsol ah pro ang
mga death threats nga inang, tapos kung kaisa bala kung mag away kamu sang
asawa mo, family mo ang pinaka una nimo nga kontra sa trabaho nga media asawa
mo, bana mo asawa mo kay ngaa nakulbaan man sila mum indi sila gusto nga may
matabo man sa imo so gaworry siya gusto ya pauntatun ya ka, so kung mag untat
Iloilo City
154
nana , kung gusto ya na pauntaton ka tungod kay ang imo ya nga dugo ya ara na
nga daan so ini ka gid maghalin, so mabaisay kamo, after nga magbaisay kamo so
away kamo may mga time kaisa nga mabulagay na lang kamo, gabahin bahinay na
sang bayo mum, ara imo bayo, ari akon bayo para magbulagay na ti taos after sina
maexplain mo man sa iya bala nga ti antis kita ga duha magasawahay ara na ako
nga daan sa radyo so dapat batunon mo na man na so amo na sa ang mga
ginhinulsolan ko kung kaisa nga ngaa nag radyo man ko ya man, pwede ma lang
nga magpulis, galing pulis amo man gihapon palareho ma lang, pwede ma lang like
for example kung way ko nagpulis abi no kag way man ko nagmayad sa radyo,
government office, atleast kung ara sa gobyerno ya tama ka tawhay, tawhay pa sa
pulis, pero amo ma lang na medyo gahilinolsol ko pero gabawe man sa gihapon.
Researcher: How do you see yourself in the future working related to your course?
Subject 5: aahhmm supposedly daw waay na man ah daw amo ma lang na gyapon,
basi way na man ko galagas nga magstation manager pa ako, way na man ko
galagas nga magtaas pa posisyon kay gaedad edad na man ko, ang gusto ko lang
makahatag legacy sa ulihing tubo sa ulihi nga makita sang kabataan sa ulihi nga ti
maskin amo lang na si Jun Capulot bisan medyo daw law-ay lang gawa tapos
pigado lang atleast may sulondon sila bala nga ao na siya nga pwede ta siya
masunod ang mga mayu lang ang malain te indi man eh (laugh).
Researher: Last question sir, what piece of advice can you give to non-
Iloilo City
155
communication graduates who aspire to be in media?
Subject 5: Indi ko man pwede idiscourage kay basta ang tawo gusto ya gid ya,
gusto ya gid na ya, so indi mo gid na pwede madiscourage, so ang maadvice ko
lang number one dapat honest ka, number two dapat eh ang trabaho mo ihimuon
mo lang nga dapat happy ka lang sa imo trabaho, ienjoy mo ang trabaho mo kay
ina ya maskin may death threat ka indi ka makulbaan basta ienjoy mo trabaho mo
daw kwan lang bala ok lang tapos kung gusto gid nila ang career sa media, tun an
lang nila mayo kag indi sila mag intra sa corruption kay sa media pwerte ang
corruption sa media kung gustuhon mo, once nga magpatintar ka temptaion sa
media, pwerte ang temptation sa media kung magpatintar ka dasig sa imo
magmilyonaryo, galing te indi ka lang magpatintar te after sina nga magmilyonaryo
ka ang problema sina ang kabaylo sina ang credibility mo, dapat magpabilin nga
mangin maayop ang credibilidad mo kay once nga ang credibility mo intact gyapon
sundon ka sang listeners mo, once nga waay ka credibility ang tawo nga makabati
sa imo way na mahambal nga hmm ahh siya na? Malabay lang ok man na siya ok
man pamatian galing kay indi masaligan kag may posibilidad nga ang ginahambal
ya na ginbayaran na siya so dapat intact ang credibility sa media.
Researcher: Thank you gid sir sa time.

Non-Communication Graduates in The Broadcast Industry (2018)

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Non-Communication Graduates in The Broadcast Industry (2018)

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

West Visayas State University

NON-COMMUNICATION GRADUATES IN THE BROADCAST INDUSTRY:

An Undergraduate Thesis Presented to

the Faculty of the College of Communication

West Visayas State University

of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Arts in Broadcasting

Mark Neil S. Abiera

Lovely Jade B. Erenea

Jexian Khee S. Gastar

instrumental in the successful completion of the study.

inspiration, and guidance;

the conduct of the study;

Prof. Ma. Rosario Victoria de Guzman, guidance counselor, for sharing

sharing knowledge and expertise in validating the instrument;

with the researchers;

Dr. Carmencita Robles, dean of the College of Communication, for the

approval of the thesis;

the encouragements, understanding, knowledge, and for making the researcher’s

college life a very memorable one;

The faculty and staff of the WVSU-College of Communication, and the

for all the learnings and inspiration acquired by the researchers.

Mark Neil Abiera

Lovely Jade Erenea

Jexian Khee Gastar

List of Appendixes vii

Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study 4

Objectives of the Study 10

Significance of the Study 11

Delimitation of the Study 14

2 Review of Related Literature 16

3 Research Design and Methodology 31

Purpose of the Study and Research Design 31

Educational backgrounds of non-communication graduates in 39

the media industry

Motivations of non-communication graduates in the media 42

Difficulties encountered by non-communication graduates 49

in the media industry

Adjustment of non-communication graduates to the 55

environment of the media industry

Learning ways of non-communication graduates as a media 62

Non-communication graduates’ application of non-related 68

degrees on the media industry

5 Summary, Conclusions, Implications, and Recommendations 77

Summary of the Research Design 77

A Letter to the Validators 92

B Letter to the Participants 93

2017-2018 in Iloilo City. Data were gathered using an Interview Schedule as

instrument. Results of the study revealed the following: the educational

backgrounds of the subjects were Bachelor of Arts in Literature, Bachelor of Arts in

Political Science, and Bachelor of Science in Criminology. The motivations of

being heard by the people, and being an instrument to disseminate information.

The difficulties encountered by the subjects were management of time, personal

adjustment in time, studying communication books, creating a motivation, and

degrees in paper works, discussion of political ideas, and understanding of laws.

NON-COMMUNICATION GRADUATES IN THE BROADCAST INDUSTRY:

Mark Neil S. Abiera

Lovely Jade B. Erenea

Jexian Khee S. Gastar

(4) Definition of Terms; and (5) Delimitation of the Study.

Part One, Background and Theoretical Framework of the Study, provides

theory used as an anchor of the study.

objectives of the study.