The researcher would like to present the following literature that may help to guide her to the conduct

of this study;

Literature 1

A descriptive study conducted at Binog Elementary in Barangay Libjo, Catarman, Northern

Samar. Philippines, by Rony Villaflores about the effects of having privately funded feeding program
in parallel to the existing feeding program of the Department of Education in relation to school-based
management. The researcher employs a purposive sampling with the thirty-three pupils (n-33)
belonged to critical point that qualify in the DepEd feeding program. It was sustained two months for
two years program implementation. It sought to augment the needs of the school children of Binog
Elementary School. The data on the nutritional status of the learner beneficiaries, in terms of height
and weight were measured in meter and kilogram units.

Results showed that both feeding programs are effective. Both girls and boys pupils gained
normal height and weight after two years period of two months feeding program. The stakeholders of
the school supported for the privately funded feeding program. The program deterred the dropping of
children from school; academic performance increased; it served as benchmark for accountability
between the publicly and privately funded feeding programs. The data on the academic standing of
the pupil beneficiaries before and after the two stages of implementation showed effective
intervention for quality education.

Literature 2

Dr. Gregorio A. Reyes conducted a research study on the Impact of the School-Based Feeding
Program on the Physical, Mental, and Social Development of the students. Quantitative Research
Method was used in this study. Data are collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys. The
researcher employs a purposive sampling with the 110 female respondents and 40 male
respondents.

In terms of benefits under the School-Based Feeding Program at Holy Spirit Elementary School
Quezon City in all 3 aspects; Physical Development, Academic Performance and Social Development,
the whole respondents are agreeable as to the benefits their children are receiving from the said
program. Hypothesis was also proven that there is no significant difference on the perception of the
respondents on the benefits under the School-Based Feeding Program at Holy Spirit Elementary School
whey they are grouped according to age, sex and occupation. Since that there is co-equal result of the
respondent’s assessment whey they are grouped according to age, sex, and occupation reflecting that
they are very much satisfied with the result of the program and it has a greater good impact on their
children.

Literature 3

In a study conducted in Nigeria, entitled The Effects of School Feeding Programme on Enrolment
and Performance of Public Elementary School Pupils by Taylor and Ogbogu, they assessed the School
Feeding Programme of public elementary school pupils in Osun State, Nigeria by adopting a Quantitative
descriptive research design through a survey. A simple random sampling technique was used in the
study. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire administered on 116 respondents in 10
randomly selected public elementary schools in Osun State.

The retrieved data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that pupils are
fed daily through the school feeding programme (87%), which is funded through cost sharing between
the State and local governments (78%). It was also found that the school feeding programme in Osun
State has resulted in an increase in pupils’ enrolment (78.4%), retention (44.8%), as well as regularity
(58.6%) and punctuality (69%) in school attendance. It has also enhanced the pupils’ performance in
curricular and extracurricular activities (55.2%).

Literature 2

Another researcher named Lucy M. Munyiri in Kikuyo District -Central Province in Japan has also
studied on the impacts of school feeding program on the performance of the pre-school children in
2010. In the study, the researcher used Quantitative Research, descriptive survey method. Her
respondents are the following; 1 headteacher, 5 preschoolers, 2cooks, 2 teachers, 3 PTA members from
each sch with a total of 442 respondents from 34 schools. Her respondents were chosen thru simple
random sampling technique.

In the findings of Munyiri, the results showed that the feeding program had benefited the
children recipients of the school feeding program such a; it offers the children with a balanced diet, it
allows more time for the children to read since they don’t have to think about their lunch meal, it offers
a good base for concentration in studies. It also allows all children to view others equally since they eat
a common meal. The feeding program improved the attendance and enrolment of preschoolers. In the
area of performance, this study concludes that feeding program improves the performance of
preschoolers. However, the implementation of the program also faced different challenges such as;
Inability to provide quality food which is well balanced, some parents being uncooperative, some
parents are also not giving their children food, claiming they will eat at school.
Inability to provide enough quantity for meals to the preschoolers, costs of hiring a cook increased
number of children enrolling to the pre-school and also lack of facilities.

Literature Research Sampling Respondent Significant Findings

Design Technique
Privately- Quantitative Purposive thirty-three  The data on the academic
Funded  Descriptive sampling pupils (n-33) standing of the pupil
Feeding survey belonged to beneficiaries before and
Program of method critical point after the two stages of
Binog that qualify in implementation showed
Elementary the DepEd effective intervention for
School, feeding quality education.
Division of program.  Results showed that both
Northern feeding programs are
Samar: An effective.
Intervention  Both girls and boys pupils
for Quality gained normal height and
Education weight after two years
period of two months
feeding program.
 The stakeholders of the
school supported for the
privately funded feeding
program.
 The program deterred the
dropping of children from
school;
 academic performance
increased;
 it served as benchmark for
accountability between the
publicly and privately
funded feeding programs.
 it served as benchmark for
accountability between the
publicly and privately
funded feeding programs.
Impact of the Quantitative Purposive There were  The whole respondents
School-Based  Descriptive sampling 110 female are agreeable as to the benefits
Feeding survey respondents of their children are receiving
method and 40 male
Program on the from the said program in terms
respondents.
Physical, of Physical Development;
Mental, and Academic Performance; Social
Social Development and therefore the
Development SBFP have a good impact on the
of the students beneficiaries.

 There is no significant
difference on the perception of
the respondents on the
benefits under the School-
Based Feeding Program at Holy
Spirit Elementary School whey
they are grouped according to
age, sex and occupation.
Therefore, the hypothesis was
accepted that there is no
significant difference in the
physical aspects, academic
performances, and behavioral
status of the students
according to the assessment of
the respondents when they are
grouped according to age,
 gender, and occupation.
The Effects of Quantitative Simple 116  The results showed that pupils
School Feeding  Descriptive random respondents in are fed daily through the
Programme on survey 10 randomly school feeding programme
method
Enrolment and selected public (87%), which is funded
Performance of elementary through cost sharing between
Public schools the State and local
Elementary governments (78%).
School Pupils in  It was also found that the
Osun State, school feeding programme in
Nigeria Osun State has resulted in an
increase in pupils’ enrolment
(78.4%), retention (44.8%), as
well as regularity (58.6%) and
punctuality (69%) in school
attendance.
 It has also enhanced the
pupils’ performance in
curricular and extracurricular
activities (55.2%).
The impact of Quantitative Simple 1 headteacher, The feeding program had
School Feeding  descriptive random 5 pre- benefited their children
Program on the research sampling schoolers, positively and gave out the
performance of 2cooks, following advantages to the
Pre-School Survey 2 teachers program:
Children in 3 PTA  Offers their children a
Kikuyo District members from balanced diet,
-Central each sch.  Allows time for their
Province, Japan 442 children to read since
respondents they don’t have to think
from 34 about their lunch meal,
schools offers a good base for
concentration in studies.
 Allows all children to
view others equally
since they eat a
common meal.
 The feeding program
improved the
attendance and
enrolment of pre-
schoolers.
 In the area of
performance, this study
concludes that feeding
program improves the
performance of pre-
 schoolers.
 The challenges that
were faced in the
implementation of the
feeding program were;
 Inability to provide
quality food which is
well balanced,
 Some parents being
uncoope-rative.
 Some parents not giving
their children food
claiming they will eat at
school.
 Inability to provide
enough quantity for
meals to the pre-
schoolers.
 Costs of hiring a cook.
 Increased number of
children enrolling to the
pre-schools.
 Lack of facilities.