NAME OF FACULTY: KOLEJ KEJURUTERAAN

EXPERIMENT NAME: SHEAR FORCE IN A BEAM

EXPERIMENT NO: L10

SECTION NUMBER:02

GROUP NUMBER:5

EXPERIMENT DATE:18/10/2019

SUBMISSION DATE:25/10/2019

GROUP’S MEMBERS

NAME ID
NOOR ASIMAH BT MAMAT HA17017
JOHAN ROFIQ B. SM SAMSUDIN FB17126
ABDUL RAHIM JALIL HA17006

LAB INSTRUCTORS:MR AIDIL SHAFIZA/ NOR IMRAH BINTI YUSOFF

Rubric for Evaluating Laboratory Report (BFF2821 : Mechanics Laboratory)

Report RATINGS (MARK) MARKS

 Elements 3 2 1 GIVEN

Introduction, Clearly present and

Incomplete and
Objective and discuss on Moderate
poor discussion on
Methodology introduction to the explanation on the
any of the
topics, problem introduction,
introduction,
statement, problem, objective
objective or
objectives and and less open-ended
methodology. No
implementation of element practiced in
open-ended
open-ended element methodology
practice applied.
in the methodology

Result and Results are correct

Results are correct
findings and presented in
and presented Results are
appropriate tools
totally as guided by partially correct
with elements of lab
lab sheet
sheet independence

Comprehensive
analysis on the Discussion points
An incomplete
Discussion results and theory only focusing on
discussion and
by adding additional question in lab
poor analysis
discussion points sheet
other than specified
in lab sheet

Conclude with the

Conclusion relate Conclusion not
relation of
Conclusion with the objective accurately relate
experiment to the
& Reference of the experiments. with the objective /
objectives and
Moderate number Poor reference
ample number of the
of reference stated number and not
reference stated
using standard using standard
using standard
format format
format

Report Beyond ordinary

Presentation presentation with Poor presentation
Ordinary
additional material format and
presentation report
from multiple structure. Very
with most of
sources of reference, less effort in
materials depends
consistent preparing the
on lab sheet.
formatting, and well report
structured.

TOTAL

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

In many engineering problems such as design of foundation, retaining walls, slab bridges,
pipes, sheet piling, the value of the angle of internal friction and cohesion of the soil involved are
required for the design. Shear test is used to predict these parameters quickly in order to predict the
problem that may occur in the future and also the engineer can improve or reinforce the place that
have high chance to break or fail.

OBJECTIVES:

1.To examines how shear force varies with an increasing point load.

2.To examines how shear force varies at the cut position of the beam for various loading
conditions.

INTRODUCTION:

Shear force is the force acting on a substance in a direction perpendicular to the extension of
the substance, acting in a direction to a planar cross section of a body. Shear force is an
internal force in any material which is usually caused by any external force acting
perpendicular to the material, or a force which has a component acting tangent to the
material. Shearing forces are unaligned forces pushing one part of a body in one direction,
and another part of the body in the opposite direction. When the forces are aligned into each
other, they are called compression forces. For example, a force of 10 newtons (N) is exerted
at the edge of a beam. This is an external force. Since the beam is a rigid structure, the force
is internally transferred all along the beam. This internal force is known as shear force. The
shear force between one end and the other is usually plotted on a shear force diagram.
Compared to tensile and compressive stress and strain, shear forces act over an area which is
in line with the forces.

Shear force and moment diagrams are analytical tools used in conjunction with structural
analysis to help perform structural design by determining the value of shear force and
bending moment at a given point of an element.
According to the image shown above, apparatus consist of a beam which is being supported
at two points called pivot point of beam. The apparatus has a mechanism which is used to
apply force on the beam and it is this mechanism which also prevents the overloading on
beam which can collapse the beam. During this experiment a series of forces with increasing
magnitude will be applied on beam and for each beam shear stress value will be calculated.
Free body diagram of this apparatus has been shown below.

Figure below is shear stress apparatus free body diagram

shear stress free body diagram

As this experiment is about calculating or observing the shear for on beam due to the
externally applied forces on beam so following the formula for this beam needed to calculate
the shear force produce in beam by the external force.

Shear force = (W(a))/l

W is a the applied load on beam
a is the distance between the pivot point and point of force application.
l is the total length of the beam

APPARATUS:
Electronic beam for shear force

PROCEDURE

Preparation

1.An assembled Test Frame is placed (refer to the separate instructions supplied with the Test
Frame is necessary) on a workbench. The ‘window’ of the Test Frame should easily
accessible.

2.Four securing nuts in the top member of the frame are slide to approximately the positions
shown in Figure 1.

3.With the right hand end of the experiment resting on the bottom member of the Test
Frame, the left-handed is fit support on the frame squarely. The support is tighten in position
by screwing two of the thumbscrews provided into the securing nut(on the front of the
support only).

4.The right-hand support is lifted into position and located the two remaining thumbscrews
into the securing nuts. The support is pushed on to the frame to ensure the internal bars are
sitting on the frame squarely. The support is positioned horizontally so the rolling pivot is in
the middle of its travel .The thumbscrews are tighten.

5.The Digital Force Display should be ‘on’. The mini DIN is connected lead from ‘Force
Input 1’ on the Digital Force Display to the socket marked ‘Force Output’ on the left-hand
support of the experiment. Lead should not touch the beam.

6.Carefully zero the force meter using the dial on the left-hand beam of the experiment. A
small load is gently applied with a finger to the centre of the beam and released. The meter is
zero again if necessary and repeated to ensure the meter returns to zero.

Note: If the meter is only +-0.1N, lightly tap the frame (there may be a little stiction and this
should overcome it).
 Figure 1

Experiment 1: Shear Force Variation with an Increasing Point Load

1.The Digital Force Display meter reads zero with no load is checked.

2.A hanger is placed with a 100g mass at the ‘cut’. The Digital Force Display reading is
recorded in a table.

2. Step before is repeated for masses of 200g, 300g, 400g and 500g.
Experiment 2:Shear Force Variation for various loading conditions

1.The Digital Force Display meter is checked reads zero with no load.

2.Carefully load the beam with the hangers in the positions shown in figure 2,using the loads
indicated

3.The Digital Force Display reading is recorded in a table

4.Step 1 is repeated but follow with figure 3 and 4.

Figure 2
 Figure 3

Figure 4

RESULT:

Figure 1
 Mass(g) Load(N) Experimental shear Theoretical shear
force(N) force(N)
0 0 0 0
100 0.98 0.6 0.6067
200 1.96 1.1 1.2133
300 2.94 1.7 1.8200
400 3.92 2.3 2.4267
500 4.90 2.8 3.0333

Bending moment comparison

3.5

2.5
bending stress

2 experimental
theorical
1.5

0.5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
load

Figure W1(N) W2(N) Force(N) Experimental Ra(N) Rb(N) Theoretical

shear shear
force(N) force(N)
2 3.92 -1.1 -1.1 5.2267 1.3067 1.25
3 1.96 3.92 3.3 3.3 3.36 2.52 3.30
4 4.91 3.92 2.3 2.3 3.971 4.859 2.32

DISCUSSION:

the graph is shown the relationship between load and shear force with load is on y axis and
shear force is on x axis but this graph is actually comparison between the experimental shear
force and theoretical shear force. This comparison shows that there is great difference
between the experimental shear force and theoretical shear force. Actual difference is in
experimental values as they don’t show the linear relationship between loads and shear force.
This error is due to many reasons like personal error due to unexperienced worker or faulty
apparatus.

CONCLUSION:

Aim of this experiment was to study the effect of different force magnitude on shear forces
produce in beam due to the force. Theoretical calculation of shear force show that there is a
direct relation between load and shear force but the experimental shear force show some
errors which can be due to personal error or faulty apparatus.

REFERRENCE:

John, B Carl,T.F.T.F. Ross (2002).Mechanical Engineering Principles. Oxford: Taylor &

Francis.