CHAPTER-1

1. INTRODUCTION

The origin of the concept predates antiquity. Derived from the Latin word “Stringere”

stress is popularly used in the seventeenth country to mean hardship, strain, adversity or

affliction. It is used in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to denote force, pressure,

strain or strong efforts with reference to an object or a person.

Modern world is a world of stress, right from the time of birth till the death of an

individual, which is invariable exposed to various stressful situations. Different people

have different views about it as stress can be experienced from the variety of sources. The

business man views stress as frustration or emotional tension, the bio chemist thinks at it

as a purely chemical event.

Stress:-

Stress is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity,

constraint or demand related to what he or she desires and for which the outcome is

perceived to be both uncertain and important.

Symptoms at Stress:-

 Physiological Symptoms

 Psychological Symptoms

 Behavioral Symptoms

1
1. Physiological Symptoms

Most at the early concern with stress is directed as physiological symptoms.

This research led to the conclusion that stress would create changes in metabolism,

increase heart and breathing rates increase blood pressure and induce heart attacks.

2. Psychological Symptoms

Stress can cause dissatisfaction. Job related stress can cause job related

dissatisfaction, in fact is “the simplest and most obvious psychological effect” of stress.

But the stress shows itself in other Psychological states-for instance, tension, anxiety,

irritability, boredom and procrastination.

3. Behavioral Symptoms:-

Behaviorally related stress symptoms includes changes in productivity absence and

turnover, as well as change in eating habits, increased smoking or consumption of

alcohol, rapid speed and sleep disorders.

Approaches to stress Management:-

Both organization and individuals are highly concerned about stress and its effects. It

attempting to manage stress, they have three broad options.

 Prevent or control it

 Escape from it

 Learn to adopt it

Organization can seek to improve managerial communication skills, empower employees

through participation, and redesign jobs to be more fulfilling or implement organization

2
development programs. These steps are aimed at reducing or eliminating stressors for

employees. Some employees can escape stress by requesting job transfers, finding

alternative employment, taking early retirement or acquiring assertiveness skills that

copying with stress, and these often involve co operative efforts among employees and

management. They include co operative efforts among employees and management. They

include social support, meditation, bio feedback and personal wellness programs.

Social Support:-

Some people experience stress because they are detached from the world around them;

they lack warm interpersonal relationship. Individuals with a driving ambition and strong

need for independence may fail to develop close attachments to friends and colleagues.

To achieve their success, they often sacrifice fulfillment of their social needs. This may

result in anger, anxiety and loneliness all producing stress in their lives.

Meditation:-

Meditation involves quiet, concentrated inner thought in order to rest the body physically

and emotionally. It helps to remove persons temporarily from the stressful world and

reduce their symptoms of stress.

Bio feedback:-

A different approach for working with stress is bio feedback, by which people under

medical guidance learn from instrument feedback to influence symptoms of stress such as

increased heart rate or severe headaches.

3
 1.1 COMPANY PROFILE

Forward Leather Company, a conglomerate of tannery is started in the year 1976 and

extended the branch of one more tannery in the year 2002.

Forward From modest beginnings as a EI tannery, decades of hard work has expanded its

operations to master the art of tanning, designing and shoe making in pace with evolving

trends – and the group is registering an impressive growth year after year.

Elegant range of cow and goat leathers, shoes of impeccable quality and finesse and soles

of international quality, have led the company win several awards and merits, while the

company constantly endeavors to exceed the customer’s expectations.

All the tanneries are eco friendly and certified by LWG Environment Audit, UK.

Predominantly a men’s shoe manufacturer, the product range comprises of Men's Formal,

Classic, Moccasins, Brogues and has an extended range of Casual shoes, and Semi

Formal shoes – in flat lasted and Strobel construction.

A joint venture between Forward Group and Malaspina spa Italy is to manufacture soles

in India, with a state-of-the art plant

The company cares for the welfare of its employees and has various schemes in place for

its 3500 employees and is also into a lot of community endeavors. For a company that has

crossed many milestones - the Forward Group is ever motivated to provide quality

products and solutions every time to its discerning customers.

4
Tannery:

From a modest EI skins tannery decades ago, Forward Group today is one of the largest

leather manufacturers in South India - in a rare display of combining the art and science

of leather making.

The group has two tanneries specializing in Kid leathers, with a combined capacity of 10

million square feet of leathers per year.

These tanneries produce a vast range of Kid leathers – Glazed, Milled, Nappa, Polish,

Burnish, Brush- off, Pattent, metallic, Suede, Nappalans and a lot more – in a wide

spectrum of textures and finishes.

Click here to view product range / selections / sizes

This tannery, with a capacity of 6 millions square feet per year, is the first Foreign Direct

Investment in the tanning sector in India and is a specialty tannery producing Cow

leathers – ranging from aniline fine calf leathers to rugged heavy leathers like Nubuk,

Pull Ups, Milled leathers, Oily leathers, Crazy Horse leathers etc in substances ranging

from 0.8mm to 2.2mm on raw material mainly from Europe and North America

Shoe upper division:

As a first step in value addition, the shoe upper factories were commissioned with

sophisticated European machines and with technical support from Italy. The 2 shoe upper

factories today have a combined capacity of one million pairs per year.

5
Deft hands, practiced in patience- work in organized closing lines to stitch shoe uppers of

impeccable finesse. The factories manufacture uppers of all types – from ladies sandals to

ankle boots to long boots and a variety of men’s uppers like Brogues, Moccasins, Welted

Uppers, Derby and more.

Childrens uppers in a variety of designs and colours, with artistic embroidery work, are

aspecialty of the shoe upper division.

Full shoe division:

As second step in value addition, the group started making complete shoes since 1994 and

its capacity today is over 1.5 million pairs of shoes per year. The plants were

commissioned with machinery and technical expertise from the UK.

Predominantly a men’s shoe manufacturer, the product range comprises of Men’s Formal,

Classic, Moccasins, Brogues and has an extended range of Casual shoes, and Semi

Formal shoes – in flat lasted and Strobel construction. Ladies and children’s shoes are

also being produced in these factories

The company prides itself in its own designing of shoes, engineering them for perfect fit,

choosing the right materials – leathers, linings and soles of superior quality for its shoes.

The uppers pass through an organized flow of skilled hands and modern machines as they

take shape into a pair of shoes – shoes that speak of comfort, finesse and durability

To ensure quality of the finished shoe, rigorous in process control systems are in place,

ably supported by testing facilities.

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Rounded Rectangle: The New Shoe Factory with the capacity of 10,000pairs a day with

modern and sophisticated equipment is another Jewel in Forward’s crown. The layouts

were designed by a German specialist consulting firm with the aim of reaching the best-

of-European productivity levels.

Leading brands and chain stores in UK (Clarks, Kickers, and Start Rite) are Forward’s

major customers of shoes, with a host of other European customers also – from Germany,

Spain, Italy (Stonefly, Marc, Geox).Forward Shoes hold Gore-Tex licenses for production

of both uppers and full shoes.

New shoe factory:

Forward’s new shoe factory is on the outskirts of Chennai, close to the International

airport. The site covers 40,000 sq.mts with a covered area approaching 25,000 sq.mts.

The factory layouts were designed by a German specialist consulting firm with the aim of

reaching the best-of-European productivity levels.

First production started at the beginning of February 2008, and over the following 2 years

the factory will build up to a capacity of 10,000 pairs a day.

The factory is made up of 5 halls and a Customer Centre. Hall 1 will be for upper

production and will house 5 cut / stitch lines producing 1,500 pairs of upper per day and

with a facility for 300 pairs of samples per day. Hall 2 will be a central material store for

the Forward Shoe Division. Halls 3 and 4 will house 10 state-of-the-art marking lines

producing 10,000 pairs of shoes per day.Hall 5 will be a finished goods store.

7
Conceria Virginia Chennai:

Conceria Virginia Chennai Pvt. Ltd, the joint venture between the Chennai-based

Forward Group and the Italian Conceria Virginia for tanning bovine leather. CVC started

processing leather from January 2005.

CVC factory with 54000 sqft area has a capacity to produce about 6 million Sq ft of Cow

and Buff leather.CVC has modern and highly sophisticated imported leather machineries

for producing high quality leathers. Also the best technical know-how and highly skilled

work force add strength to CVC for its high quality performance.

CVC is using imported bovine raw material to produce superior quality leather that

leading European brands prefer. Many Cow and Buff articles in various sizes and

substances are produced to cater to the needs of renowned international brands.

The leather is being sold locally to exporters and also exported to the U.S.A., U.K.,

China, Australia, and many European countries directly. This tannery will use imported

cow leather in raw material form – wet blue to produce leather for shoes and leather

goods.

Suolificio in Chennai:

A joint venture between Forward Group and Malaspina spa Italy is to manufacture soles

in India, with a state-of-the art plant.Computer aided designing of soles – designs which

spark the imagination of shoe designers across the globe – and create fashion and set

trends and the range is more up-to date and creative.

8
Moulds are designed, engineered and made to precision in Italy and production of soles is

done in India on superior Injection Moulding machines.Product range includes – PVC

soles, TR soles, Leather Encapsulated PVC soles, Bi-Colour soles, Tri colour soles, Dual

Density soles – Soles that are light, comfortable and durable – for men, ladies and

children shoes.

Suolificio Chennai also produces specialty soles with antistatic, oil / gas / chemical

resistant properties and antistatic characteristics. It is the constant endeavors of Suolificio

Chennai to be a reference point for defining and resolving together with the customer, any

requests in the area of soles.

9
 1.2 INDUSTRY PROFILE

India is the third largest leather producer in the world after China and Italy. The leather

industry occupies a place of prominence in the Indian economy on account of its massive

potential for employment, growth, and exports. The industry employs more than 2.5

million people and is responsible for about US$2.4 billion of exports in 2004-05, much of

it to the developed countries. The exports from the leather sector constitute 7% of India’s

export basket. In 2004-2005, India’s market share of the global leather industry is

estimated to be 2.51%.

INDIAN LEATHER INDUSTRY:

For decades, the leather industry is reserved for the small-scale sector in India. But in

recent years the government has stepped in with a number of policy initiatives to promote

technological upgradation of the industry. Moreover, the leather industry has undergone

radical structural transformation from merely exporting raw materials in the 1960s to

exporting value-added finished products from 1990s onward.

The post liberalization era has opened up a plethora of opportunities for the Indian leather

industry. With global players looking for new sourcing options, India stands to gain a

bigger share of the global market. Leading brands from the US and Europe are planning

to source leather and leather products from India. The major leather products and exports

from India are hides and skins such as cow and buffcalf, sheep nappa, goat skin, kid

leather, wet blue etc. Footwear and footwear components like shoes, shoe uppers, soles

10
etc., leather garments, leather gloves, leather saddlery goods, leather travel bags and totes,

leather purses, wallets, briefcases etc.

The major production centres for leather and leather products are located at Chennai,

Ambur, Ranipet, Vaniyambadi, Trichy, Dindigul in Tamil Nadu, Kolkata in West Bengal,

Kanpur in Uttar Pradesh, Jallandhar in Punjab, Hyderabad in Andhra Pradesh and

Bangalore in Karnataka and Delhi. India has the largest livestock population in the world

and produces 1.8 billion sq.ft. of leather annually. Today, the leather industry ranks 8th in

the export trade of the country. The industry covers a vast spectrum of inputs, activities,

skills and products i.e. livestock, hides and skins, tanning, leather products and exports.

LIVESTOCK:

India is the leading livestock holding country in the world. It ranks first in the case of

cattle including buffaloes, second in goats and fourth in the case of sheep. While

buffaloes and goats have recorded annual growth rates of 1.86% and 3.11% respectively,

cattle and sheep have recorded a marginal growth rate of 0.52%.

HIDE AND SKIN:

About 60% of hides and 90% of the skins are obtained from slaughter. It is well known

that in India, cattle and buffaloes are reared for milk and draught, and they end up being

slaughtered when they become unproductive. On the other hand, goats and sheep are

basically reared for meat.

TANNING INDUSTRY:

The tanning industry is concentrated in three states i.e. Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and

Uttar Pradesh. There are around 1600 tanneries in India. Tamil Nadu accounts for 52%,

11
West Bengal 23% and U.P. 12%. Other important states having tanneries are

Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Punjab.

The Tanning industry in India is well developed. It has the back-up of a strong R&D base,

modern technology as well as trained manpower. The unique aspect is that it turns out

best possible quality leathers from relatively low quality hides.

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 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

• The main objective of the study is to identify the level of stress among the

employees.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:

• To identify the factors of stress which affect the workers

• To find out the stress when new technology is introduced.

• To identify the stress due to pressure increase from higher official.

• To study about the improper time management.

• To analyse about the lack of necessary facilities.

• To find out whether the work load is too heavy.

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 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Stress management is very important for any organization to know about the factors that

cause stress to their employees, can be both personal and job related. It is also the

responsibility of the organization to evaluate these factors and provide solutions to reduce

them. As a result of which the performers and behaviour of the employees will also be

enhanced.

The scope of the study further extents in understanding the employees attitude towards

his peers, superiors and subordinate in the organization, working condition, personal,

psychological and working involvement factor.

The study on stress management intends to identify the level of stress among employees

factor dominantly contributing to the same level and stress level between the employees.

14
 CHAPTER II

2. MAIN THEME OF THE STUDY

2.1 REVIEW OF LITREATURE

Stress is a part of day-to-day living of every individual. The college students may

experience stress in meeting the academic demands, people on the job, business men may

suffer stress to reach office in time and to complete the projects on time and even the

house hold ladies may experience stress in managing the home affairs and to look for the

maid servant. The reasons for the stress differ from person to person. The stress people

experience should not be necessarily treated as harmful. An optimum amount of stress

can always act as an energizer or motivator and propel people to apply the efforts and

complete the work. But a high level of Stress can be a serious threat to the personality

traits of the Individual and can cause physiological and social problems.

What is Stress?

We generally believe that the stress is caused by the external events and the dynamics of

the environment. But we need to emphasis the fact that the Stress is caused by our

reaction to the external environment. The manner in which we perceive and understand

the changes or the particular event creates same event can bring happiness and cause

Stress in two different people depending upon how they react to it. When students are

asked to prepare a presentation, some may take it to be an opportunity to reveal their

talents and to improve upon their weakness while the other students may be perturbed by

it for the fear of his weakness. So, Stress is our reaction to external events and it can be

15
positive or negative depending upon how we react. It is the general wear and tear of the

body machine that takes place due to extra demands put on it.

We can define Stress as “body’s non-specific response to any demand made on it”. Stress

is not by definition synonymous with nervous tension or anxiety. On one side Stress

provides the means to express talents and energies and pursue happiness on the other side

it can also cause exhaustion and illness, either physical or psychological.

One of the hardest forms of stress to avoid is workplace stress. After all, you need to go to

work and there are plenty of things to worry about once you get there. However, that does

not mean that workplace stress is unavoidable. Just like other kinds of stress, there are

ways to manage workplace stress and there are ways to avoid it. Maybe you cannot avoid

it entirely, but that is no reason not to try.

Workplace stress usually takes the form of everything needing to get done right now. You

know the situation, there are a dozen things on your plate and they all need attention, but

there are only so many hours in the day and you cannot attend to everything all at once.

On top of that, the boss is breathing down your neck, asking you where the

report/plan/program is and he also has a pile of other tasks for you once you finish that. It

is a never-ending cycle, but it can be managed.

The first thing you need to do to avoid workplace stress is to focus on one task at a time.

Do not try to multi-task, as it jars your system. Switching gears between projects does

make demands on your brain and it takes a moment to change your thoughts from one

place to another. Instead, if you focus on one project, you can keep your thoughts and

energy in one place, preventing you from having to shift gears too often.

16
However, the big problem with trying to keep your focus is your coworkers. They will

always be asking you for a quick minute or they will want you to answer their question,

or they will want you to come over and help them on something. Try to deflect these as

much as possible, as these can distract your focus. Thus, you must learn to say, "no." This

is a highly effective word, though you may want to change it to, "No, not right now," or,

"As soon as I am done with this." These little phrases can at least buy you some time to

finish what you are doing, then switch comfortably to the needs of your coworkers.

There is another cause of workplace stress that can also cause you all manner of difficulty

and that is when your concentration runs out. Oftentimes, you may find yourself focusing

on the same page or the same computer screen for minutes at a time and you still have no

idea what it is supposed to mean. This is not good, as it means that you are not being

effective, your brain has shut down and the deadline is looming over you and you just

need to get through this. Your best plan at this point is to walk away from your desk.

Get up, get a cup of coffee (but not too often, as caffeine can heighten stress), go to the

bathroom, anything. Walk the corridors for a minute or two and clear the cobwebs. This is

highly effective both for ensuring that you are getting work done and for keeping

workplace stress to a minimum.

Another way to prevent workplace stress is to learn some desk exercises. These can be

simply squeezing a stress ball, or performing a few stretches while you are at your desk.

By working your muscles at your desk, you can improve your circulation and help your

17
keep alert and aware at work. Obviously, you are not going to get a full body workout

while you are pecking at a keyboard, but it can help you at least keep your mind focused.

Finally, while you are at work you should examine your environment to see if it is right

for you. How is the noise level? Is your desk set up properly? Are you comfortable? Is

everything set up so that it is ergonomically correct? Your body needs to be comfortable

if you want to work without distraction and distractions can lead to workplace stress.

Thus, your work area needs to be set up for you. Take care of the little things around you

and you will be able to work confidently and work well.

Workplace stress is, in many ways, part of working. However, by managing workplace

stress properly, you can at least keep it to a minimum. And by doing that, work will be

much more pleasant and you will be much more productive. So take care of yourself and

the area around you and workplace stress will not control your day.

Many companies use fun as a motivator and mood stabilizer for their employees. Westjet

Airlines is known for this and I am told that their employees just love going to work. The

company holds parties for their employees and show their appreciation in many ways.

Companies who make it fun to go to work get more out of their employees than those

who don’t. If we could learn to treat each other with respect and appreciation at work,

mix in a little fun, smile and thank each other, it just might help to ease the stress of our

workdays. It would be the beginning of something good.

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2.2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. This section

deals with the research design used sources of data collection, sampling method used and

sampling size.

2.2.1 RESEARCH DESIGN:-

Descriptive research studies are those studies which are concerned with describing the

characteristics of a particular individual, or of a group.

2.2.2 SAMPLING

Population

The population size is 100.

Sampling Size

The sample size taken for the study is 50 supervisors.

Sampling Method

Random sampling is used which give equal chance to the entire employee in the sampling

frame.

2.2.3 DATA COLLECTION METHODS

In a research, primary data, secondary data or both can be gathered in a prescribed

manner.

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Primary Data

Primary data consists of original information collected for a specific purpose. Information

is collected using questionnaires from the employee’s at “Forward Leather Company”.

Collection through questionnaire

This method of data collection is quite popular. It is being adopted by private individual

research worker etc... In this method, a questionnaire is sent to the persons concerned

with respect to answer the questions and return it back.

Secondary Data

To supplement the primary data, secondary data is required. This can be obtained from

the company records, articles, magazines and various other books on the subject matter.

2.2.4 STATISTICAL TOOLS

The data collected are classified, analyzed and tabulated. The statistical tools are applied

for the analysis of the data. The tools used are percentage method and chi – square test.

Percentage Method

Percentages are used in making comparison between two or more series of data.

Percentage can also be used to compare relative terms, the distribution of two or more

series of data.

Formula:

20
 Percentage (%) = No. of respondents x 100

Total no. of respondents

Chi – Square

The chi – square test is one of the simplest and a widely used non-parametric test in

statistical work. It is used to make comparison between theoretical population and actual

data when categories are used

Formula:

χ2 = ∑ (oi- Ei)2

Ei

Oi = Observed Frequency

Ei = Expected frequency

Weighted Average Method:

The weighted moving average is obtained on dividing the weighted moving totals by the

sum of weights. Let X1, X2, X3, X4….Xn occur with weights W1, W2, W3…Wn then

WEIGHTED MOVING AVERAGE = ∑WiXi

∑wi

A weighted moving average with appropriate weights generally used when the moving

averages are strongly affected by extreme values.

2.2.5 PERIOD OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted for 31days at forward leather company

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 2.3 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The stress management in FORWARD LEATHER COMPANY is measured keeping in

mind the constraints and limitations.

• Due to personal inconvenience the researcher could not meet the employee who

had night shift.

• The accuracy is another problem, as data from sample may not reflect the whole.

• The result of the study may not be generalized for the other organization.

• The findings of the study are based on the information provided by the

respondents.

22
 CHAPTER- III

3. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Table 1: AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

AGE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

BELOW 21 15 30%
22-36 17 34%
ABOVE 36 18 36%

Inference:

From the above table it is inferred that 36% of the respondents are above the age of 36,

34% of the respondents are between 22-36 and 30% are below 21.

CHART 1:

AGE OF RESPOMDENTS

37% 36%
36%
35% 34%
34%
33% BELOW 21
32% 22-36
31% 30% ABOVE 36
30%
29%
28%
27%
BELOW 21 22-36 ABOVE 36

23
 Table 2: GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS

GENDER NO OF RESPONDENT PERCENATGE

Male 50 100%
Female 0 0%

Inference:

From the above table it is inferred that 100 % of the respondents male and 0% of the

respondents female in the organization.

CHART 2:

GENDER OF THE RESPONDENTS

0%

Male
Female

100%

Table 3: MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS

24
 PERCENTA

MARTIAL STATUS NO OF RESPONDENTS GE

MARRIED 30 60%
UNMARRIED 20 40%

Inference:

From the above table it is inferred that 60% of the respondents married and 40% of the

respondents unmarried.

CHART -3

MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS

40%
MARRIED
UNMARRIED
60%

Table 4: EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENTS

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

25
10TH 5 10%
12TH 15 30%
DIPLOMA 25 50%
UG 5 10%

Inference:

From the above table it is inferred that 50%of the respondents have diploma

Qualification, 30% of the respondents 12th std, and 20% of the respondents 10th std and UG.

CHART 4:

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION OF THE

RESPONDENTS

60%
50%
50%

40%
30%
30% PERCENTAGE

20%
10% 10%
10%

0%
10TH 12TH DIPLOMA UG

Table 5: SALARY OF THE RESPONDENTS

SALARY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

BELOW 5000 15 30%
5001 TO 10000 30 60%
10001 TO 15000 3 6%
ABOVE 15000 2 4%

26
Inference:

From the above table it is inferred that 60%of the respondents have below the salary of

5001 to10000, 30% of the respondents have below 5000, 6% of the respondents are

10001 to 15000 and4% of the respondents have above 15000.

CHART 5:

SALARY OF REPONDENTS

40 30
30
20 15
10 30% 60% 3 6% 2 4%
0
BELOW 5001 TO 10001 TO ABOVE
5000 10000 15000 15000

NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Table 6: WORKING EXPERIENCE OF THE RESPONDENTS

WORKING EXPERIENCE NO.OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

BELOW 25 15 30%
26-45 15 30%
ABOVE 45 20 40%

Inference:

27
From the above table it is inferred that 30%of the respondents have work experience

below the age of 25, 30% of the respondents are between the age 26-45, and 40% of the

respondents are above 45.

CHART 6:

STRESS LEVAL DUE TO WORKING EXPERIENCE

45% 40%
40%
35% 30% 30%
30%
25%
PERCENTAGE
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
BELOW 25 26-45 ABOVE 45

Table 7: NEW TECHNOLOGY OF THE RESPONDENTS

NEW TECHNOLOGY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 35 70%
NO 15 30%

Inference:

From the above table it is inferred that 70% of the respondents say that the stress level

increases due to introduction of new technology and 30% of the respondents say that

there is no stress level increases due to introduction of new technology.

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 CHART 7:

NEW TECHNOLOGY OF THE RESPONDENTS

30%

YES
NO

70%

Table 8: NATURE OF JOB OF THE RESPONDENTS

NATURE OF JOB NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 20 40%
NO 30 60%

Inference:

From the above table inferred it is that 60% of the respondents suffer stress 40% of the

respondents do not suffer stress.

CHART 8:

29
 STREE LEVEL DUE TO NATURE OF JOB

40%

60%

YES NO

Table 9: FAMILY OF THE RESPONDENTS

FAMILY PROBLEM NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 35 70%
NO 15 30%

Inference:

From the above table it is inferred that 70% of the respondents suffer from stress due to

family problem and 30% of the respondents do not suffer stress.

CHART 9:

30
 STRESS LEVEL DUE TO FAMILY PROBLEM

30%

YES
NO

70%

Table 10: HEAVY WORK OF THE RESPONDENTS

HEAVY WORK NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 20 40%
NO 30 60%

Inference:

From the above table it is inferred that 60% of the employees suffer from stress due to

heavy work and 40% of the respondents do not suffer from stress.

CHART 10:

31
 STRESS LEVEL DUE TO HEAVY WORK

40%
MARRIED
UNMARRIED
60%

Table 11: WORKING ATMOSPHERE OF THE RESPONDENTS

WORKING ATMOSPHERE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 35 70%
NO 15 30%

Inference:

From the above table it is inferred that 70% of the respondents suffer from stress due to

working atmosphere and 30% say there is no stress level.

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 CHART 11:

STRESS LEVEL DUE TO WORKING ATMOSPHERE

30%

YES
NO

70%

Table 12: WORKING IN A GROUP OF THE RESPONDENTS

WORKING IN A GROUP NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

TO SOME EXTENT 20 40%
SOME EXTENT 20 40%

NOT AT ALL 10 20%

Inference:

The above table shows that 40% of the respondents feel to some extent that their

stress level increases while working in a group, 20% of the respondents feel it not at all

increases.

CHART 12:

33
 STRESS LEVEL DUE TO WORKING IN A GROUP

45% 40% 40%

40%
35%
30%
25% 20% PERCENTAGE
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
TO SOME EXTENT SOME EXTENT NOT AT ALL

Table 13: PRESSURE FROM HIGHER OFFICIAL OF THE RESPONDENTS

HIGHER OFFICIAL NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

TO MOST EXTENT 20 40%
SOME EXTENT 15 30%
NOT AT ALL 15 30%

Inference:

The above table shows that 40% of the respondents say that to most extent stress

level increases due to pressure from higher official, 30% of the respondents are say some

extent, 30% of the respondents are say that not at all.

CHART 13:

34
 STRESS LEVEL DUE TO PRESSURE FROM HIGHER
OFFICIAL

45% 40%
40%
35% 30% 30%
30%
25%
PERCENTAGE
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
TO MOST EXTENT SOME EXTENT NOT AT ALL

Table 14: FEELING OF INABILITY OF THE RESPONDENTS

FEELING OF INABILITY NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 25 50%
NO 25 50%

Inference:

From the above table it is inferred that 50% of the employees say that the stress level

increases due to feeling of inability and 50% say that there is no stress level.

CHART 14:

35
 STRESS LEVEL DUE TO FEELING OF
INABILITY

50% 50%

YES NO

Table 15: WORK ON OFF-DAYS OF THE RESPONDENTS

WORK ON OFF DAYS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

VERY FREQUENTLY 10 20%
FREQUENTLY 15 30%
OCCASIONALLY 20 40%
NEVER 5 10%

Inference:

The above table shows that 40% of the respondents say that they feel occasionally about

work during their off hours, 30% of the respondents say that they feel frequently, 20% of

the respondents feel it very frequently and 10% of the respondents say that they never

feel.

CHART 15:

36
 STRESS LEVEL DUE TO WORK ON OFF DAYS

45% 40%
40%
35% 30%
30%
25% 20%
20% PERCENTAGE
15% 10%
10%
5%
0%

ER
Y

TL

LL
TL

V
NA
EN
EN

NE
O
U
U

EQ

SI
EQ

CA
FR
FR

C
O
Y
R
VE

Table 16: IMPROPER TIME MANAGEMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS

IMPROPER TIME MANAGEMENT NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

VERY HIGH 10 20%
HIGH 10 20%
MEDIUM 20 40%
LOW 5 10%
VERY LOW 5 10%

Inference:

The above table shows that 40% of the respondents say that medium stress is experienced

due to improper time management, 20% of the respondents say that very high stress and,

10% of the respondents say that very low stress due to improper time management.

CHART 16:

37
 STRESS LEVEL DUE TO IMPROPER TIME
MANAGEMENT

45% 40%
40%
35%
30%
25% 20% 20% PERCENTAGE
20%
15% 10% 10%
10%
5%
0%
VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW VERY LOW
Table 17: DAY SHIFT COMPARED TO NIGHT SHIFT OF THE

RESPONDENTS

NIGHT SHIFT NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

VERY HIGH 12 24%
HIGH 16 32%
MODERATE 8 16%
LOW 10 20%
VERY LOW 4 8%

Inference:

From the above table it is inferred that 8% of the respondents say that very low level of

stress during night shift when compared to day shift, similarily 20% of the respondents

say that low stress,16% say moderate,32% of the respondents are say that they are highly

stressed and 24% of the respondents say that very high stress is faced.

CHART 17:

38
 LEVEL OF STRESS DURING NIGHT SHIFT WHEM
COMPARES TO DAY SHIFT

35% 32%
30% 24%
25% 20%
20% 16%
PERCENTAGE
15% 8%
10%
5%
0%
H

W
H

W
G

T
G

LO

LO
RA
HI
HI

DE

Y
Y

R
R

VE
VE

Table 18: INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE RESPONDENTS

INFRASTRUCTURE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

HIGHLY SATISFIED 30 60%
SATISFIED 8 16%
NEUTRAL 5 10%
DISSATISFIED 5 10%
HIGHLY

DISSATISFIED 2 4%

Inference:

The above table shows that 60% of the respondents say that they feel highly satisfied due

to infrastructure, 16% of the respondents say that they are satisfied, 10% of the

respondents say that they feel neutral and dissatisfied, 4% of the respondents say that they

feel dissatisfied.

CHART 18:

39
 STRESS LEVEL DUE TO
INFRASTRUCTURE

80% 60%
60%
40% 16% 10% 10%
20% 4%

DISSATISF
DISSATISF
SATISFIED
SATISFIED
0%

NEUTRAL
HIGHLY

HIGHLY
IED

IED
PERCENTAGE

Table 19: LACK OF NECESSARY FACILITIES OF THE RESPONDENTS

HIGHLY HIGHLY
FACILITIES SATISFIED NEUTRAL
SATISFIED DISSATISFIED DISSATISFIED
Medical

allowances 12 24% 22 44% 6 12% 6 12% 4 8%

Meal

allowances 5 10% 5 10% 5 10% 10 20% 25 50%

Transportation

allowances 10 20% 25 50% 5 10% 5 10% 5 10%

Festival

allowances 10 20% 15 30% 15 30% 5 10% 5 10%

Educational

allowances 16 32% 11 22% 11 22% 6 12% 6 12%

Inference:

Medical allowances:

From the above table it is inferred that 8% of the respondents are highly

dissatisfied due to Medical allowances of necessary facilities, similarly 12% of the

40
respondents are dissatisfied, 12% of the respondents are neutral,24% of the respondents

are highly satisfied and 44% of the respondents are satisfied.

Meal allowances:

From the above table it is inferred that 10% of the respondents are highly satisfied

due to Meal allowances of necessary facilities, similarly 10% of the respondents are

satisfied, 10% of the respondents are neutral, 20% of the respondents are highly

dissatisfied and 50% of the respondents are highly dissatisfied.

Transportation allowances:

From the above table it is inferred that 10% of the respondents are highly

dissatisfied due to Transportation allowances of necessary facilities, similarly 10% of the

respondents are dissatisfied,10% of the respondents are neutral, 20% of the respondents

are highly satisfied and 50% of the respondents are satisfied.

Festival allowances:

From the above table it is inferred that 10% of the respondents are highly

dissatisfied due to Festival allowances of necessary facilities, similarly 10% of the

respondents are dissatisfied, 20% of the respondents are highly satisfied, 30% of the

respondents are neutral and 30% of the respondents are satisfied.

Educational allowances:

From the above table it is inferred that 12% of the respondents are highly

dissatisfied due to Educational allowances of necessary facilities, similarly 12% of the

respondents are dissatisfied, 22% of the respondents are satisfied,22% of the respondents

are neutral and 32% of the respondents are satisfied.

41
 CHART 19:

STRESS LEVEL DUE TO NECESSARY FACILITIES

0.6 50%
50%
0.5 44%

0.4 30%30% 32%

0.3 24%
20% 20% 22%22%
20%
0.2 12%12% 10%
10%10% 12% 12%
10%10% 10% 10% 10%
8%
0.1
0
es

es
s
ES

es

es
ce

c
c

c
TI

an

an
an
an

an
I
IL

w
w
w

w
lo

lo
lo
C

llo

lo
al
FA

al
al

al
la

l
l

al

na
ea
ca

io

iv
t

tio
M
i

rta

st
ed

Fe

a
o
M

uc
sp

Ed
an
Tr

Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4 Series5

42
 Table 20: OVER TIME OF THE RESPONDENTS

OVER TIME NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY

AGREE 25 50%
AGREE 13 26%
DISAGREE 6 12%
STRONGLY

DISAGREE 6 12%

Inference:

The above table shows that 50% of the respondents strongly agree that stress level

increases due to over time, 26% of the respondents agree due to over time, 12% of the

respondents strongly disagree.

CHART 20:

43
 STRESS LEVEL DUE TO OVERTIME

60%
50%
50%
40%
30% 26% PERCENTAGE
20% 12% 12%
10%
0%
STRONGLY AGREE DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

Table 21: KIND OF STRESS OF THE RESPONDENTS

KIND OF STRESS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

PHYSICAL 18 36%
MENTAL 16 32%
BOTH 16 32%

Inference:

The above table shows that 36% of the respondents are affected due to physical stress and

32% of the respondents are to affected due to mental stress.

CHART 21:

44
 KIND OF STRESS

32% 36%

32%

PHYSICAL MENTAL BOTH

Table 22: PHYSICAL INCONVENIENCE OF THE RESPONDENTS

PHYSICAL INCONVENIENCE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 35 70%
NO 15 30%

Inference:

From the above table and chart it is inferred that 70% of the employees say that the stress

level increases due to physical inconvenience and 40% say that there is no stress level.

CHART 22

45
 STRESS LEVEL DUE TO PHYSICAL INCONVENIENCE

30%

YES
NO

70%

Table 23: KIND OF INCONVENIENCE OF THE RESPONDENTS

KIND OF INCONVENIENCE NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

HEADACHE 25 50%
BLOOD PRESSURE 15 30%
DIGESTIVE PROBLEM 15 30%

Inference:

The above table shows that 50% of the respondents have headache, 30% of the

respondents say that it is due to blood pressure and 20% of respondents say that it is due

to digestive problem.

CHART 23:

46
 KIND OF INCONVENIENCE

60% 50%
40% 30%
20%
20%
0%
HEADACHE BLOOD DIGESTIVE
PRESSURE PROBLEM

PERCENTAGE

Table 24: STRESS MANAGEMENTOF THE RESPONDENTS

STREES MANAGEMENT PROGRAMMS NO OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

YES 45 90%
NO 5 10%

Inference:

From the above table and chart it is inferred that 90% of the employees say that the stress

level increases due to satisfaction level of stress management programs and 10% say that

there is no stress level.

CHART 24:

47
 SATISFACTION LEVEL OF STRESS
MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS

10%

90%
YES NO

CHI –SQUARE TEST

I. Relationship between working experience and stress level.

Aim: To find out the significant difference between the working experience and stress

level.

Hypotheses:

Null hypothesis (H0) : There is no significant difference between the

working

Experience and stress level.

48
 Alternative hypothesis (Ha ) : There is a significant difference between the

working

Experience and stress level.

WORKING Below 25 26-45 Above 45 TOTAL

EXPERIENCE AND
years years years
STRESS LEVEL
To Most Extent 5 5 10 20
Some Extent 5 5 5 15
Not at all 5 5 5 15
TOTAL 15 15 20 50

49
Calculation:

Oi Ei Oi-Ei (Oi-Ei)2 (Oi-Ei)2/Ei

5 6 -1 1 0.16
15 6 9 81 13.5
10 8 2 4 0.5
5 4.5 0.5 0.25 0.05
5 4.5 0.5 0.25 0.05
5 6 -1 1 0.16
5 4.5 0.5 0.25 0.05
5 4.5 0.5 0.25 0.05
5 6 -1 1 0.16
14.68

Calculated chi-square value = 14.68

Degree of freedom = (r – 1) (c-1)

= (3-1) (3-1) =4

Tabulated value = 9.49

Calculated value > tabulated value

INFERENCE

Since the Calculated chi-square value is greater than the tabulated value, so the null

hypothesis is accepted. Hence there is significant relationship between the working

experience and the stress level.

50
 II. Relationship between Marital status and Family problem.

Aim: To find out the significant difference between the Marital status and Family

problem.

Hypotheses:

Null hypothesis (H0) : There is no significant difference between the

Marital

Status and Family problem.

Alternative hypothesis (Ha ) : There is a significant difference between the

Marital

Status and Family problem.

MARITAL STATUS Married Single TOTAL

AND FAMILY

PROBLEM
Yes 25 10 35
No 5 10 15
TOTAL 15 20 50

Calculation:

51
 Oi Ei Oi-Ei (Oi-Ei)2 (Oi-Ei)2/Ei
25 21 4 16 0.76
10 14 -4 16 1.14
5 9 -4 16 1.77
10 6 4 16 2.66
5.73

Calculated chi-square value = 5.73

Degree of freedom = (r – 1) (c-1)

= (2-1) (2-1) =1

Tabulated value = 3.84

Calculated value >tabulated value

INFERENCE

Since the Calculated chi-square value is greater than the tabulated value, so the null

hypothesis is accepted. Hence there is significant relationship between the Marital status

and Family problem.

III. Relationship between age and kind of stress.

Aim: To find out the significant difference between the age and kind of stress.

Hypotheses:

Null hypothesis (H0) : There is no significant difference between the age

and
52
 Kind of stress.

Alternative hypothesis (Ha ) : There is a significant difference between the age

and

Kind of stress.

AGE AND KIND OF Below 21 21-35 Above 35 TOTAL

STRESS
years years years
Physical 5 6 7 18
Mental 5 6 5 16
Both 5 5 6 16
TOTAL 15 17 18 50

53
Calculation:

Oi Ei Oi-Ei (Oi-Ei)2 (Oi-Ei)2/Ei

5 5.4 0.4 0.16 0.02
6 6.12 3.88 0.0144 0.002
7 6.48 0.52 0.2704 0.04
10 4.8 5.2 27.04 5.633
6 5.74 0.56 0.3136 0.05
5 5.76 -0.76 0.5776 0.100
10 4.8 5.2 27.04 5.633
5 5.4 0.4 0.16 0.02
6 5.76 0.24 0.0576 0.01
11.5

Calculated chi-square value = 11.5

Degree of freedom = (r – 1) (c-1)

= (3-1) (3-1) =4

Tabulated value = 9.49

Calculated value > tabulated value

INFERENCE

Since the Calculated chi-square value is greater than the tabulated value, so the null

hypothesis is accepted. Hence there is significant relationship between the age and kind of

stress.

WEIGHTED AVERAGE METHOD:

FACILITIES 5 4 3 2 1 TOTAL WEIGHTED RANK

AVERAGE
MEDICAL 62 82 18 12 4 176 3.56 2

54
ALLOWANCES
MEAL 25 20 15 20 25 105 2.1 5
ALLOWANCES
TRANSPORTATION 50 100 15 10 5 180 3.6 1
ALLOWANCES
FESTIVAL 50 60 45 10 5 170 3.4 4
ALLOWANCES
EDUCATIONAL 80 44 33 12 6 175 3.5 3
ALLOWANCES
The weighted moving average is obtained on dividing the weighted moving totals

by the sum of weights. Let X1, X2, X3, X4….Xn occur with weights W1,W2,W3…Wn

then

WEIGHTED MOVING AVERAGE = ∑WiXi

∑wi

A weighted moving average with appropriate weights generally used when the

moving averages are strongly affected by extreme values.

INFERENCE:

From the above table it is inferred that stress occurs due to lack of facilities. Firstly

Transportation, Secondly Medical, thirdly educational facilities, fourthly festival

facilities, and fifthly meal allowances are ranked with respect to stress.

3.1 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

The various aspects of stress management have been studied and analyzed the findings

are:

 It is found that 36% of the respondents are above the age of 36 and 30% are below

21.

55
 It is found that 60% of the respondents married and 40% of the respondents

unmarried.

 It is found that 50% of the respondents have diploma Qualification, 30% of the

respondents are 12th std..

 It is found that 60%of the respondents are below the salary of 5001 to10000 and

4% of the respondents are above 15000.

 It is found that 30%of the respondents have work experience below the age of 25

and 40% of the respondents are above 45.

 It is found that 70% of the respondents suffer from stress due to introduction of

new technology and 30% of the respondents do not suffer stress.

 It is found that 60% of the respondents suffer from stress due to nature of job and

40% of the respondents do not suffer stress.

 It is found that 70% of the respondents suffer from stress due to family problem

and 30% of the respondents do not suffer stress.

 It is found that 60% of the employees suffer from stress due to heavy work and

40% of the respondents do not suffer stress.

 It is found that 70% of the respondents suffer from stress due to working

atmosphere and 30% of the respondents do not suffer stress.

 It is found that 40% of the respondents feel to some extent that their stress level

increases while working in a group, 20% of the respondents feel it not at all

increases.

 It is found that 40% of the respondents say that to most extent stress level

increases due to pressure from higher official and 30% of the respondents say that

not at all.

56
 It is found that 50% of the employees say that the stress level increases due to

feeling of inability and 50% say that there is no stress level.

 It is found that 40% of the respondents say that they feel occasionally about work

during their off hours and 10% of the respondents say that they never feel.

 It is found that 40% of the respondents say that medium stress is experienced due

to improper time management, 20% of the respondents say that very high stress

and, 10% of the respondents say that very low stress due to improper time

management.

 It is found that 8% of the respondents say that very low level of stress during night

shift when compared to day shift, similarly 20% of the respondents say that low

stress,16% are moderate,32% of the respondents say that highly stress and 24% of

the respondents are say that very highly stress.

 It is found that 60% of the respondents say that they feel highly satisfied due to

infrastructure and 4% of the respondents say that they feel dissatisfied.

 It is found that 50% of the respondents strongly agree that stress level increases

due to over time and 12% of the respondents strongly disagree.

 It is found that 36% of the respondents are affected due to physical stress and 32%

of the respondents are to affected due to mental stress.

 It is found that 70% of the employees say that the stress level increases due to

physical inconvenience and 40% say that there is no stress level.

 It is found that 50% of the respondents have headache, 30% of the respondents

say that it is due to blood pressure and 20% of respondents say that it is due to

digestive problem.

57
58
 3.2 SUGESSTION

 The superior have to take suitable measure to utilize the training effectively by the

employees through counseling.

 The superior make the employee to know their nature of work and the expectation

of co-workers

 The work load given to employees should be moderate unless it leads to high

stress.

 The company should provide necessary facilities to the employee for a better

working atmosphere.

 The superior should build a good relation with the employees to make them work

effectively in the group.

59
 3.3 CONCLUSION

The project entitled “A Study On Stress Management Among Employees In Forward

Shoes (India) Pvt ltd,” Stress management is the most considerable thing for each and

every organization. In Forward Shoes (India) Pvt ltd the study implies that the employees

are satisfied with their stress management, even though the management should retain

this providing training, necessary facilities and maintain good employee relationship and

also concentrate on time management.

60
 ANNEXURE

A STUDY ON STRESS MANAGEMENT AMONG EMPLOYEES IN

FORWARD LEATHER COMPANY

To,

The respondent of The Forward Leather Company is kindly request to

tick the appropriate answer where ever necessary.

QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Age: Below 21 ( ) 22 – 36 ( ) Above36 ( )

2. Gender: Male ( ) Female ( )

3. Martial Status: Married ( ) Single ( )

4. Educational qualification: 10th ( ) +2 ( ) DIPLOMA ( ) U.G ( )

5. Working experience: ( ) below 25 years ( ) 26-45 years ( ) above45

years

6. Salary: Below 5,000 5,001 to 10,000 10,001 to 15,000 Above 15,001

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

7. Do you feel when a new technology is introduced?

61
 a) Yes b) No

8. Does your company’s Infrastructure makes You Stress?

a) Highly satisfied b) Satisfied c) Neutral

d)Dissatisfied e)Highly Dissatisfied

9. Do you feel stressed due to nature of work?

a) Yes b) No

10. Do you feel that work load is too heavy?

a) Yes b) No

11. Does you working atmosphere increases your stress level?

a) Yes b) No

12. Do you feel stressed up while working in a group?

a) To some extent b) Some extent c) Not at all

13. To what extent stress level increase due to pressure from higher official?

a) To some extent b) Some extent c) Not at all

14. Do you have a Feeling of inability to satisfy the conflicting demand of various people?

a) Yes b) No

15. Does the Level of stress due to family problems affect your work?

a) Yes b) No

16. Do you get stressed when you are called to work on your off days?

a)Very frequently b)Frequently c)Occasionally d)Never feel

17. Do you suffer stress due to improper time management?

a) Very high b) High c) Medium

d) Very low e) Low

18. I am worried due to lack of necessary facilities such as medical, Transport, meals

allowance needed to perform my role.

62
(5-Highly satisfied 4-Satisfied 3-Neutral 2-Dissatisfied 1-Highly Dissatisfied)

5 4 3 2 1
Festival allowances
Educational Allowances
Medical Allowances
Meal Allowances
Transportation Allowances
19. How far the stress level will be in night shift when compared with Day shift?

a)Very high b)High c)Moderate d)Low e)Very Low

20. Do you agree that overtime causes stress?

a) Strongly agree b) Agree c) Disagree d) strongly disagree

21. What kind of stress do you suffer in job?

a) Physical b) Mental c) Both

22. Do you feel any physical Inconvenience?

a) Yes b) No

23. If so, what kind of Inconvenience?

A) Headache b) Blood Pressure c) Digestive Problem

24. Is your company’s stress management program’s satisfactory?

a) Yes b) No

25. Rank the relaxation techniques from 1-10 which you adopt most frequently in order to

reduce your stress:

S.NO. RELAXATION TECHNIQUES RANK

1. Proper Time Management
2. Yoga
3. Meditation
4. Exercise and Relax
5. Focus on solution rather than problems
6. Reading novels
7. Talking with friends
8. Coffee and Tea
9. Listening to music
10. Sports and Games

63
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• C.B.Mamoria, S.V.Gankar, Human Resource Management, Himalaya

Publishing House, Third Edition 2004.

• C.R.Kothari, Research Methodology, New Age International Publishers, Third

Reprint Edition 2004.

• P.C.Tripathi, Personnel Management & Industrial Relations, Sultan Chand &

Sons, Seventeenth Revised Edition, 2004.

• P.Subba Rao Human Resource Management, Himalaya Publishing House,

Revised Edition1999.

WEBSITES

 www.google.com

 www.5paisa.com

 www.encyclopedia.com

 www.citeHR.com

 www.forward shoes.com

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65