Ministry of Higher Education

and Scientific Research

University of Technology
Dep. of Production Engineering and
Metallurgy

TECHNICAL REPORT 2019-2020

Branch : CAD CAM

Subject: strength of materials

Simple stress

‫ هدى فاضل علي‬:‫اســـم الطالب‬

‫التصميم والتصنيع المعان بالحاسوب‬: ‫الفرع العلمي‬
‫ الثانية‬:‫االمــــــــرحلة‬
‫مقاومة المواد‬:‫اســـــم المادة‬

‫التوقيع‬ ‫اسم التدريسي‬ ‫درجة التقرير‬

‫عماد علي‬.‫د‬
‫كتابة‬ ‫رقما‬
SIMPLE STRESS
defined as the internal force which is resisting the external force per
unit area. The basic unit of stress is the Pascal (Pa) which is
Newton per square meter. In engineering it is more convenient to
measured as the force (N) per square mm. This gives the common
engineering unit of stress, MPa.
It has the same units as Pressure (Pa, kPa, MPa, etc), so you could
think of stress as pressure in a solid. The difference is, pressure
acts equally in every direction, but stress has a certain direction.

Stress = Force/Area

The base unit for pressure and stress is the Pascal (Pa), but this is
way too small for engineering use - except perhaps when measuring
the pressure of air conditioning ducts or something. Certainly
nothing compared to the stress required to break steel. In most
engineering situations, the strength of a material is measured in
MPa (Mega Pascals)

Stress (MPa) = Force (N) / Area (mm2)

Simple stress can be classified as normal stress, shear stress, and

bearing stress.
Normal stress develops when a force is applied perpendicular to the
cross-sectional area of the material. If the force is going to pull the
material, the stress is said to be tensile stress and compressive
stress develops when the material is being compressed by two
opposing forces. Shear stress is developed if the applied force is
parallel to the resisting area.
 Example is the bolt that holds the tension rod in its anchor.
Another condition of shearing is when we twist a bar along its
longitudinal axis. This type of shearing is called torsion Another
type of simple stress is the bearing stress, it is the contact pressure
between two bodies.

Suspension bridges are good example of structures that carry these

stresses. The weight of the vehicle is carried by the bridge deck and
passes the force to the stringers (vertical cables), which in turn,
supported by the main suspension cables. The suspension cables
then transferred the force into bridge towers.
Problem1
The homogeneous bar shown in Fig. P-106 is supported by a
smooth pin at C and a cable that runs from A to B around the
smooth peg at D. Find the stress in the cable if its diameter is 0.6
inch and the bar weighs 6000 lb.

Solution
Free body diagram:
𝑇=𝜎𝐴

∑ Mc = 0

3
5𝑇 + 10 ( 𝑇) = 5(6000)
√34
𝑇 = 2957.13 𝑙𝑏

1
2957.13 = 𝜎 [ 𝜋(0.62 )]
4
𝜎 = 10458.72 𝑝𝑠𝑖
Problem 2 Find the stresses in members BC, BD, and CF for the
truss shown in Fig. P-113. Indicate the tension or compression. The
cross sectional area of each member is 1600 mm2.

For member BD: (see FBD1)

∑ BD = 0

Solution 4
3 ( ) BD = 3(60)
5
𝐵𝐷 = 75 𝐾𝑁 Tension

BD = σBD A
75(1000) = σBD (1600)
σBD = 46.875 Tension
For member CF: (see FBD1)

∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0

1
4 ( 𝐶𝐹) = 4(90) + 7(60)
√2

𝐶𝐹 = 195√2
CF = 275.77 KN compression

CF = σCF A
275.77(1000) = σCF (1600)
σCF 172.357 MPa compression
 For member BC: (see FBD2)

∑ 𝑀𝐷 = 0

4𝐵𝐶 = 7(60)
𝐵𝐶 = 105 𝐾𝑁 Compression

𝐵𝐶 = 𝜎𝐵𝐶 𝐴
105(1000) = 𝜎𝐵𝐶 𝐴 (1600)
𝜎𝐵𝐶 = 65.625 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Compression

Problem 3
The bar in Fig. 1–16a has a constant width of 35 mm and a
thickness of 10 mm. Determine the maximum average normal
stress in the bar when it is subjected to the loading shown.
SOLUTION
Internal Loading. By inspection, the internal axial forces in regions
AB, BC, and CD are all constant yet have different magnitudes.
Using the method of sections, these loadings are determined in Fig.
1–16b; and the normal force diagram which represents these
results graphically is shown in Fig. 1–16c. The largest loading is in
region BC, where Since the cross-sectional area of the bar is
constant, the largest average normal stress also occurs within this
region of the bar.

Average Normal Stress. Applying the equation below:

𝑃𝐵𝐶 30(103 ) 𝑁
𝜎𝐵𝐶 = = = 85.7 𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
𝐴 (0.035 𝑚)(0.010𝑚)

Note: The stress distribution acting on an arbitrary cross section of

the bar within region BC is shown in Fig. 1–16d. Graphically the
volume (or “block”) represented by this distribution of stress is
equivalent to the load of 30 kN; that is, 30 kN = 185.7 MPa2135
mm2110 mm2.