Tense Active Formula Active Sentence Passive Formula Passive Sentence

(Tobe + V3)
Present S + V1 -> Gol 1&2 I pass SIMAK UI O + Tobe1 + V3 SIMAK UI is passed
S + V1(s/es) -> Gol 3 He passes SIMAK UI by me
Past S + V2 I passed SIMAK UI O + Tobe2 + V3 SIMAK UI was
He passed SIMAK UI passed by me
Future S + will + V1 I will pass SIMAK UI O + will be + V3 SIMAK UI will be
passed by me
Perfect S + have/has + V3 I have passed SIMAK UI O + has/have been SIMAK UI has been
Have = Gol 1&2 He has passed SIMAK UI + V3 passed by me
Has = Gol 3
Continuous S + tobe1 + Ving I am passing SIMAK UI O + Tobe1 + being + SIMAK UI is being
He is passing SIMAK UI V3 passed by me

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 1

 Tense Makna Keterangan Waktu Opsional
Present Kegiatan berulang Always, every___, seldom, Tidak ada keterangan waktu
Kalimat tanpa ket waktu rarely, usually
Past Masa lampau Yesterday, ___ ago, last ___,
in 1957 …
Future Masa depan Tomorrow, day after Pokoknya di masa depan
tomorrow, in 2020, soon ..
Perfect “Sudah” dilaksanakan -
Continuous Sedang dilaksanakan Now, right now

Kalimat
1. Aktif -> Verb = me-/ber-
Andra membeli bola

2. Pasif -> Verb = di-/ter-

Bola dibeli oleh Andra
O V by S

Ball is bought by Andra

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 2

Past Perfect -> Lampau + telah -> Telah lampau

Saya sudah nonton kemarin jam 5

Saya sudah makan kemarin jam 7

Past = S + V2
Perfect = S + Has/have + V3

PP = S + had + V3

Past = O + tobe2 + V3
Perfect = O + has/have been + V3

PP = O + had been + V3

1. Aux/modal x lawan (V2)

2. Verb x Verb lawan

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 3

Past perfect continuous

Past : S + Verb2
Perfect : S + has/have + Verb3
Cont : S + tobe1 + Verbing

PPC : S + had been + Verbing

1. Modal/Aux à x Verb 2 (lawan)

2. Tobe à x Verb 2/3 (lawan)
3. Verb à x Verb 3/ing

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 4

Perfect Continuous (sudah + sedang) -> masih berlangsung

Perfect = S + Has/have + V3
Cont = S + tobe1 + Ving

PC = S + has/have been + Ving

Perfect = O + has/have been + V3

Cont = O + tobe1 being + Ving

PC = O + has/have been + Ving

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 5

Subject - TOBE
Subject Tobe 1 (be) Tobe 2 Tobe 3 Tobe -ing
I Am Was Been Being
You, They, We Are Were
He, She, It (s) Is Was

V1 V2 V3 Ving
Regular Play Played Played Playing
Irregular Eat Ate Eaten Eating

Noun
Noun Singular Plural
Apple Apple Apples
Chair Chair Chairs
Child Child Children

I am Andra

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 6

Jenis kata
Jenis kata Kategori Contoh
1 Noun (Kata benda) Singular Apple – Child – woman
Plural Apples – Children –
women
Verb (Kata kerja) Murni Play – played – played –
V1 – V2 – V3 – Ving playing
Tobe Is/am/are – was/were –
V1 – V2 – V3 - Ving been – being
Adjective (Kata sifat) - Comparison Beautiful
- Pseudocomparative Tall
- Noun Phrase
Preposition (Kata bantu) - Gerund In, on, at -> waktu &
- Adverb tempat
Before, after, above,
below, off …
Connector (Kata hubung) Yang -> adjective clause Who -> manusia (S)
Whom -> manusia (O)
Which/That -> selain
manusia (S&O)
5W + 1H What, where, when,
why, who

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 7

 How
Conjunction Cumulative (Penambahan) And, not only …, but
(Kata penghubung antar anak also …
kalimat/kalimat) Optional (Pilihan) Or, either … or …,
Cara: neither … nor …, else
Harus memahami makna dan hubungan Adversative (Pertentangan) However, nonetheless,
antar anak kalimat nevertheless, but,
while, although, since
Illative (Kesimpulan) Therefore, hence, so,
finally, thus,
Modal (Kata bantu kerja)
- Menunjukkan kemampuan Present Past
Can Could
May Might
Will Would
Have to Had to
Shall (I/We) Should
Must Must
Ought to Ought to
Used to Used to

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 Active -> S + Modal + V1 = Andra can buy a ball
Passive -> O + modal + be + V3 = A ball can be bought
by Andra

Adverb (keterangan) Time Diawali dengan

Secara … Place preposition

Free = adj Waktu

Freedom = noun In = century, year,
Freed/free = verb month, week
Freely = adverb On = weekend,
weekday, day, date
At = hour

Tempat
In = lokasi geografis
On = bebas
At = nama tempat

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 9

 Frequency Always, seldom, rarely,
every ..
Manner (Adjective + -ly) Quick -> quickly
Secara Rare -> rarely

Day -> daily (X)

n adj

Pronoun (Kata ganti benda) - I, me, my, mine, I have a pen

myself He gives me a pen
- You, you, your, yours, This is my pen
yourself This pen is mine
- They, Them, their, This pen belongs to
theirs, themselves myself
- We, us, our, ours,
ourselves
- He, him, his, his,
himself

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 10

 - She, her, her, hers,
herself
- It, it, its, its, itself
- Others, others,
others, others,
otherselves
Auxiliary - Inverted subject and Do, does, did, have,
Kata khusus pembentuk kalimat negative di verb had, has, will, would
tiap tenses - Negative sentence

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 11

Struktur
Struktur Kalimat Struktur Kata
Aktif
Subject – Verb – Object – Adverb

1. Subject/Object
a. Noun
b. Ving = me-/ber-
c. V3 = di-/ter- 1. It is environmentally friendly design
d. To + V1 = untuk … 2. It is a spectacular event
2. Tenses (Sesuai) 3. It is a spectacularly event (X)
4. He ran quick // he drives fast
5. Jika adv + verb -> kalau ada auxiliary/tobe
I have successfully passed SIMAK UI
aux adv v

I drive the car carefully

à Saya mengendarai mobil dengan hati-hati

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 12

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 13
I buy five cars, two bikes and a scooter.

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 14

Appositive

S + V + O, ____________, Y

Andra wants to buy a ball, which is discounted 50%, tomorrow.

Soekarno, President RI-1, died in June.

Fungsi:
1. Untuk menerangkan kata benda sebelum koma pertama
2. Appositive tidak dianggap dalam struktur kalimat utama

Hukum penulisan Appositive:

1. Mulai dengan structure baru
a. Active = S + V + O (sesuai dengan tenses)
b. Passive = O + V + by + S
2. HARAM pakai pronoun -> khususnya “it”
3. Jika di awal kalimat ada kata “THAT”, maka ganti dengan “who/which”
a. Selama setelah kata “THAT” adalah VERB

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 15

Noun Phrase
Gabungan kata yang diakhiri dengan NOUN
Adjective + Noun Tall man Laki-laki yang tinggi
Verbing + Noun Crying baby Bayi yang menangis
Verb3 + Noun Boiled egg Telur yang direbus

The surprising spiderman Spiderman yang mengejutkan

I am surprising spiderman Saya mengejutkan spiderman

A pair of shoes is/are

Admit Finish Report

Appreciate Mind Resent
Avoid Miss Resist
Can’t help Postpone Resume
Consider Practice Risk
Delay Quit Suggest
Deny Recall
Enjoy Regret

I enjoyed …
A. to watch; B. watching; C. watched; D. watch

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 16

Gerund

Verb yang posisinya di tempat Subject atau Object

Kick off the match

Kick off + ving
(V + preposition) + Ving

Noun Verb Adjective

Pertandingan Tanding, bertanding
Kompetisi Berkompetisi kompetitif

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Parallel Structure
Seragamnya jenis kata yang dipakai dalam kalimat -> kata sebelah kiri = kanan

___ and ___

___ or ___
Either ___ or ___ (Salah satu ____ atau ____)
Neither ___ nor ___ (Tidak keduanya ____ atau _____)
Not only ___, but also ___
___ than ___

V1 and V1

I make a book, shoe and free

N n adj

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 18

Kalimat efektif
1. Logis -> active dan passive
2. Structur jelas -> minimal S + V
3. Hemat
_____ in 1993, xxxxxx
a. When first organized
b. First organized
4. Tidak redundant -> kata yang bermakna sama
Contoh: I very extremely love you
It is sold separate apart

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 19

Adjective Clause
- Kalimat yang menggunakan kata “yang”
- Yang -> who atau which/that

Anggota
1. Who dan which + v
a. Who = subject manusia
b. Which/that = subject/object selain manusia
2. Whom + noun (object manusia)
3. Whose + noun (kepemilikan)

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 20

Who/Which
Andra membeli rumah memiliki 3 KM Andra buys a house has 3 KM
Andra membeli rumah yang memiliki 3 KM Andra buys a house which has 3 KM
Andra buys a house that has 3 KM
Reduce Andra buys a house having 3 KM

Rumah dibeli oleh Andra memiliki 3 KM The house is bought by Andra has 3 KM
Rumah yang dibeli oleh Andra memiliki 3 KM The house which is bought by Andra has 3 KM
The house that is bought by Andra has 3 KM
Reduce The house bought by Andra has 3 KM

- Kapan pakai “yang”? -> Ada 1 subject saja, tapi ada 2/lebih verb

Reduce Adjective Clause

Yang + Verb Active (all tenses)* Ving
Passive (all tenses)* V3\

Andra membeli rumah yang memiliki lantai yang berwarna merah

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Whose = yang …. Nya

The bird whose feathers are blue

Burung yang bulunya adalah biru

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Verb Transitive vs Verb Intransitive
Transitive (Harus ada Object) Intransitive (Tidak pakai object)
Lay Lie
- You lay the eggs on the table - UI lies in Depok
- You lie to me
Raise Rise
- You raise me up - The sun rises in the east
Consist of
Walk

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 23

Adjective
1. Comparison = membandingkan
Adjective Lebih … (than) Paling …. Contoh
Tall Taller The tallest
Beautiful More beautiful The most beautiful
Good Better The best

Menandakan jaraknya jauh

Adverb + comparative adj -> far longer

far long (X)

2. Pseudocomparison = menyamakan

S + (as) + adjective + (as) + object

I am (as) tall (as) you

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 24

 Posession = kepemilikan

Ini pulpen ku This is my pen

Pulpen ini punyaku This pen is mine
Ini pulpennya murid This is student’s pen
Ini pulpennya murid-murid This is students’ pen

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 25

SO vs SUCH
Memberikan keterangan “sangat”

So + adjective + that + … Such + a/an + (adjective + noun) + that + …

- You are so beautiful that I am in love with you - You are such a beautiful lady that I am in love
with you

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 26

Reading

Paragraph 1
- Introduksi topik yang tidak nyambung dengan tema bacaan

Paragraph 2
- Topik masalah
- Pendapat ahli
o Nama ahli
o Asal

Paragraph
- Penjabaran materi
- Anti tesis = mematahkan/mengecualikan tesis ahli 1

Paragraph akhir
- kesimpulan

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 27

Inverted Subject & Verb

Jika di awal kalimat ada kata ini

- No - Not until - Scarcely
- Not - Never - Seldom
- Nor - Hardly - Only
- Neither - Barely

Maka cari opsi

Auxiliary / Tobe / Modal + S + V
- Sesuaikan dengan tenses kalimat

Auxiliary = do, does, did, have, has

Tobe = is, am, are, was, were, been, being
Modal = can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, must …

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 28

At which/in which = where
On which = when

I have a house which has 3 bedrooms.

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 29

Perfect Continuous = sudah namun masih berlangsung

Perfect = S + have/has + V3
Continuous = S + tobe1 + Ving

P Cont = S + have/has + been + Ving

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 30

CAUSATIVE
Kalimat yang meminta objek (orang/bukan orang) untuk melakukan sesuatu

Contoh:
I make her cry
C O V

Causative Manusia Selain Contoh

manusia
Make V1 V1 I make her cry
I make the machine work
Get To + V1 V3 I get her to cry
I get the machine worked
Have V1 V3 I have her cry
I have the machine worked
Let V1 V1 I let her cry
I let the machine work
Help V1 atau To + V1 V1 atau To + V1 I help her cry atau I help her to cry
I help the machine work atau I help the machine to work

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 31

TIPS MENCARI KESALAHAN DI SOAL STRUCTURE
1. Cari keterangan waktu -> tenses -> cari verb
2. Sesuaikan subject dan verb
3. Sesuaikan dengan penulisan NOUN -> singular dan plural
4. Cek verb ada berapa -> adjective clause
5. Cari preposition -> in/on/at
6. Cari connector -> NOUN + who/which/that + VERB
7. Cari parallel structure
8. Teliti penulisan NOUN singular dan plural

I have 4 chambers, each of them

I have 4 chambers, each of which

Air-conditioners
5 years old boy
Many 5-year-old boys (hyphenated adjective)

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 32

NEED -> Butuh

Manusia Selain manusia

Need + to + Verb1 Need + Verbing
I need to study The grass needs watering

Need + to + be + Verb3
The grass needs to be watered

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 33

STOP, START

Stop + Verbing I stop studying Saya berhenti belajar

Stop + To + Verb1 I stop to study Saya berhenti karena ingin belajar

Stop + being + Verb3 I stop being hurted Saya berhenti disakiti

Stop + to + be + Verb3 I stop to be hurted Saya berhenti karena ingin disakiti

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 34

Conjunction

; _______ xxxxxx

1. However
2. Nonetheless
3. Therefore

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 35

Not only do international lawyers master comparative international law,
but they also master chinese language.

I love you
I don’t believe you, you are a piece of …. Liar
I do love you

30 million people
Millions of people
30 million rupiahs

To developing-country

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 36

Prepositions

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 37

Billions of people = milyaran orang
One million = satu juta
Two millions = dua juta
Two million rupiahs = dua juta rupiah

Andra membeli rumah yang memiliki 2 KM yang luasnya 2 meter persegi.

Andra buys a house which has 2 KM which is 2 meter square.

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 38

Linking verb
Verb yang menggambarkan indera
1. Look
2. Smell
3. Taste
4. Feel
5. Sound
6. Become

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 39

Two thousands
One thousand

Two hundreds
One hundred

Two thousand kilometers

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 40

Adjective Clause

Who/which/that NOUN + Who/Which/That + VERB

Whom NOUN (Manusia) + Whom + NOUN The man whom I called was
Andra
Whose NOUN + Whose + Noun + VERB The feather whose Merak has is
blue

English Note by Muhamad Andra // 0812-2270-5151 // @andra360 41