ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [1]

Class 9
IMO
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Answer the questions

(1) There are 5 pens belonging to 5 students. The pens were put into a box, and each student pulls out an
pen one after the other. What is the probability that each student gets his or her own pen?
(2) In a parallelogram ABCD, the bisectors of ∠A and ∠B intersect at S, ∠B and ∠C at R, ∠C and
∠D at Q and ∠D and ∠A at P . What kind of a quadrilateral is PQRS?
(3) Two candles have different lengths and thickness. The shorter lasts 7 hours and the longer 5 hours
when both are lit simultaneously. If after 2 hours of their being lit together at the same time, both have
the same length, then find the ratio of their original lengths.
(4) Ankur is brother of Matthew. Priyanka is sister of Ankur. Iqbal is brother of Sneha. Sneha is daughter of
Matthew. Shyam is father of Priyanka. Who is the uncle of Iqbal?
(5) The perimeter of a triangle is 54 cm. One side of a triangle is 7 cm longer than the smallest side and
the third side is 5 cm less than 2 times the smallest side. Find the area of the triangle.
(6) The letters of the word MATHEMATICS are rearranged in a random order. What is the probability that
the letters H and S have exactly 4 letters between them?
(7) A line passes through points (-1, 4) and (-4, 10). Find the x-intercept of the line.
(8) If AB and PQ are parallel, compute the measure of ∠Y.

(9) For f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, if f(1) = 4 and f(-1) = 5, find the value of a + c.
(10) We use n! to mean the following expression
n × n-1 × n-2 × n-3 × ... × 2 × 1 (the product of all numbers from 1 to n)

In the range of numbers 22 <= x <= 74, how many numbers are there such that (x - 1)! is not divisible
by x?

(11) Alisha, Sunil, Ram, Madhav, Ajoy, and Sulekha are playing game by forming two teams of three players
each. In how many different ways can they be put into two teams of three players?
(12) Two circles with centres O and O′ intersect at two points A and B. A line PQ is drawn parallel to OO′
through A(or B) intersecting the circles at P and Q. Find the ratio PQ:OO′.

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [2]
(13) If in the figure below AB = 13 cm, BC=20 cm and CA = 11 cm, find the area of the rectangle BDCE.

(14) If AB = 6 cm, OA = 5 cm and OD is perpendicular to AB, then CD is:

Choose correct answer(s) from the given choices

(15) Equation 4x + 3y = 7 has a unique solution if x and y are:

a. Natural Numbers b. Positive Real Numbers
c. Rational Numbers d. Real Numbers

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [3]

Answers

1
(1)
120

Step 1
We have 5 pens and 5 students. Let's first see in how many different ways can the pens be
distributed among the students

Step 2
We know that 5 objects can be distributed in 5 ! = 5 x 4 x...x 1 = 120 ways

Step 3
Out of these 120 ways, there is only one distribution where each student got his or her own pen

Step 4
1
So the probability of each student getting his or her own pen =
120

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [4]
(2) Rectangle

Step 1
The situation given in the question is represented by the figure below.

D C

P
R
Q

A B

Step 2
We are given that
ABCD is a parallelogram.

⟹ DC ∥ AB

Also, as the adjacent angles of a parallelogram are supplementary, we have

∠A + ∠D = 180∘
1 1
⟹ ∠A + ∠D = 90∘
2 2
⟹ ∠PAD + ∠ADP = 90∘
⟹ ∠APD = 90∘ [Sum of angles of a triangle is 180∘.]
⟹ ∠SPQ = 90∘ [Vertically opposite angles.]

Similarly,
∠PQR = 90∘,∠QRS = 90∘, and
∠PSR = 90∘.

Thus,
PQRS is a quadrilateral each of whose angles is
90∘.
Hence,
PQRS is a
rectangle.

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [5]
(3) 21:25

Step 1
After 2 hours of burning, both candles have the same length remaining. Let this length be r.

Step 2
The shorter candle can burn fully in a total of 7 hours but has already been lit for 2 hours. Thus its
remaining length r will burn in another 7 - 2 = 5 hours.
Similarly, for the longer candle, the remaining length r will burn in another 5 - 2 = 3 hours.

Step 3
For shorter candle:

Length that burns in 5 hours = r units

r
Length that burns in 7 hours = × 7 units
5
7r
Thus, the original length of the candle = units
5

Similarly, for the larger candle:

Length that burns in 3 hours = r units

r
Length that burns in 5 hours = × 5 units
3
5r
Thus, the original length of the candle = units
3

Step 4

7r
5
Ratio of the original lengths of the candles =
5r
3

21
=
25
= 21:25

(4) Ankur

Step 1
Ankur is the brother of Matthew.

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [6]

Step 2
Priyanka is the sister of Ankur. So Priyanka is also the sister of Matthew.

Step 3
Iqbal is the brother of Sneha.

Step 4
Sneha is the daughter of Matthew. So Matthew is also the father of Iqbal

Step 5
Shyam is the father of Priyanka. So Shyam is also the father of Ankur and Matthew.

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [7]

Step 6
Since Priyanka is female, she cannot be uncle of Iqbal, therefore only possibility is Ankur.

Step 7
Therefore, Ankur is the uncle of Iqbal.

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [8]

(5) Area : 126 cm 2

Step 1
Let's assume the smallest side of the triangle be x cm.

Step 2
According to the question, one side of the triangle is 7 cm longer than the smallest side,
The length of the side = x + 7

Step 3
The third side is 5 cm less than 2 times the smallest side,
the length of the third side = 2x - 5

Step 4
The perimeter of the triangle is 54 cm,
Therefore, x + (x + 7) + (2x - 5) = 54
⇒ x + x + 7 + 2x - 5 = 54
⇒ 4x = 54 + 5 - 7
52
⇒x=
4
⇒ x = 13
Now, x + 7 = 13 + 7 = 20,
2x - 5 = (2 × 13) - 5 = 21

Step 5
Therefore, all sides of the triangle are 13 cm, 20 cm and 21 cm.

Step 6
Following picture shows the triangle,

The area of the ΔABC can be calculated using Heron's formula, since all sides of the triangle are
known.
S = 54/2 = 27 cm
The area of the ΔABC = √[ S (S - AB) (S - BC) (S - CA) ]
= √[ 27(27 - 13) (27 - 20) (27 - 21) ]
= 126 cm2

12
(6)
110

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [9]

Step 1
The first step is finding out all the possible arrangements of the letters of the word
MATHEMATICS.
Note that we are not interested in "unique" arrangements (in some kind of problems we would be),
but just the total possible arrangements.

Step 2
There are 11 letters in the word MATHEMATICS. So, they can be arranged in 11! ways i.e. 11 ×
10 × 9 × ... 2 × 1 ways.
To see this, if you pick any letter, it can be placed in any of the possible 11 positions.
Now, the second letter can be placed in any of the other 10 positions (11 minus the one taken up
by the first letter).
So, the two letters can be arranged in 11 × 10 ways. Similarly we can arrange the remaining
letters.

Step 3
Now, we know that the total number of possible arrangements = 11!
We need to look for the possible arrangements where the letters H and S have exactly 4 letters
between them.

Step 4
This can be seen by inspection.
If H is at the first position (first letter of the word), then S will be at position 6 (since there are 4
letters between them).
Similarly, if H is at the second position, then S will be at position 7.
There are 6 such possible arrangements, the last one having H at the 6th position and S at the last
position.

Step 5
Interchanging the positions of S and H in all the cases given in the above step, we get 6 possible
arrangements.
So, we can place the letters H and S in 12 ways.
Now, we have filled in 2 of the 11 positions with H and S in 12 ways.
Since there is no restriction on the remaining 9 letters, the number of possible arrangements of 9
letters in 9 positions is 9!. So, the total ways to rearrange all the letters so that H and S have
exactly 4 letters between them is 12 × 9!.

Step 6
Now, we can work out the probability of rearranging the letters of the word MATHEMATICS such
that H and S have exactly 4 letters between them.
P (arrangement) =
Number of possible arrangements where H and S have 4 letters between them 12 × 9!
= =
Total number of possible arrangements of the letters of the word MATHEMATICS 11!
12
110

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [10]
(7) 1

Step 1
Equation of the line y = mx + c.

Step 2
Substitute first point in the equation:
4 = -m + c
⇒ m = -4 + c --------(1)

Step 3
Substitute second point in the equation:
10 = -4m + c
10 - c
⇒m= --------(2)
-4

Step 4
On equating value of m from both equations:
10 - c
-4 + c =
-4
⇒ -16 + 4c = -10 + c
⇒ 3c = 6
⇒c=2

Step 5
Put c = 2 in equation (1), we get:
m = -2

Step 6
Equation of the line: y = -2x + c
We know that if a line intersect with x-axis, value of it's ordinate will be 0.
Therefore, 0 = -2x + (2)
or, x = 1

Step 7
The x-intercept of the line is 1.

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [11]
(8) 242°

Step 1

Draw a line MN parallel to both the line PQ and AB.

According to the figure,
∠Y = ∠Y1 + ∠Y2

Step 2
Now, AB and MN are two parallel lines cut by a transversal OA.
Hence, ∠MOA = ∠OAB (Alternate angles)
⇒ ∠Y2 = 60°

Step 3
Now, PQ and MN are two parallel lines cut by a transversal OP.
Hence, ∠MOP = ∠OPQ (Alternate angles)
⇒ ∠Y1 = 58°

Step 4
We know, ∠Y = 360° - ∠Y1 - ∠Y2
= 360° - 58° - 60°
= 360° - 118°
= 242°

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [12]
(9) 4.5

Step 1
Given, f(1) = 4
Substituting x = 1 in the given equation, a(12) + b(1) + c = 4
⇒ a + b + c = 4 ______________ (1)

Step 2
Similarly f(-1) = 5
Substituting x = - 1 in the given equation, a(-12) + b(-1) + c = 5
⇒ a - b + c = 5 ______________ (2)

Step 3
On adding eq. (1) and (2), we have
2a + 2c = 9
a + c = 4.5

(10) 13

Step 1
Here (x-1)! will not be divisible by x, only if x is a prime number.

Step 2
Between 22 and 74, let us count the prime numbers: 23,29,31,37,41,43,47,53,59,61,67,71,73.

Step 3
There are 13 prime numbers, so the answer to the above question will be 13.

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [13]
(11) 10

Step 1
Given 6 players are playing the game by forming two teams of three players.
The following combinations of players are possible:
Team A Players Team B Players
Alisha, Sunil and Ram Madhav, Ajoy and Sulekha
Alisha, Sunil and Madhav Ram, Ajoy and Sulekha
Alisha, Sunil and Ajoy Ram, Madhav and Sulekha
Alisha, Sunil and Sulekha Ram, Madhav and Ajoy
Alisha, Ram and Madhav Sunil, Ajoy and Sulekha
Alisha, Ram and Ajoy Sunil, Madhav and Sulekha
Alisha, Ram and Sulekha Sunil, Madhav and Ajoy
Alisha, Madhav and Ajoy Sunil, Ram and Sulekha
Alisha, Madhav and Sulekha Sunil, Ram and Ajoy
Alisha, Ajoy and Sulekha Sunil, Ram and Madhav

Total combinations = 10

Step 2
Thus, the number of different ways = 10

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [14]
(12) 2:1

Step 1
Consider the image below:

We see that the line drawn at point O perpendicular to OO′ meets the line PQ at a point R.
A similar line drawn at O′ meets PQ at a point S.
Now, PA is a chord, and OR is a line perpendicular to it drawn from the centre of the circle.
We know that a perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord.
Therefore, OR bisects PA, i.e. PR = RA or PA = 2RA.

Step 2
Similarly, AQ = 2AS.
We know, PQ = PA + AQ
⇒ PQ = 2RA + 2AS
⇒ PQ = 2(RA + AS)
⇒ PQ = 2OO′   (RA + AS is the same as OO′)

Step 3
The ratio of PQ:OO′ is 2:1.

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [15]

(13) Area : 192 cm 2

Step 1

The area of the triangle ABC can be calculated using Heron's formula, since all sides of the
triangle are known.
S = (11 + 13 + 20)/2 = 22 cm.
The area of the ΔABC = √[ S(S - AB) (S - BC) (S - CA) ]
= √[ 22(22 - 13) (22 - 20) (22 - 11) ]
= 66 cm 2

Step 2
2 × Area(ΔABC)
The height(BD) of the ΔABC =
AC
2 × 66
=
11
= 12 cm

Step 3

In right angled ΔBDC, DC2 = BC2 - BD2

⇒ DC = √[ BC 2 - BD2 ]
= √[ (20)2 - (12) 2 ]
= 16 cm
The area of the rectangle BDCE = BD × DC
= 12 × 16
= 192 cm2

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 ID : U-312163-8-2099-IMO [16]
(14) 1 cm

Step 1
We know, OA and OD are the radius of the circle.
Therefore, OA = OD.
Also, OD is perpendicular to chord AB i.e. OC is perpendicular to chord AB.
Therefore, ∠OCA = 90°.
We know that the perpendicular from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord. So, the
AB
point C divides the chord AB into two equal parts, i.e., AC = CB = .
2
We also know that CD = OD - OC = OA - OC
⇒ OC = OA - CD

Step 2
As, ΔOAC is a right-angle triangle, using pythagoras theorem. We have,
AC2 + OC2 = OA2
From this, the relation between AB, CD and OA can be given as:
AB
( ) 2 + (OA - CD) 2 = OA2
2

Step 3
Here, we know AB = 6 and OA = 5.
Substituting and simplifying in the equation we get the value of CD is 1 cm.

(15) a. Natural Numbers

Step 1
A general equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions if there is no restriction placed on
the values of the two variables (x and y here).

Step 2
However, it may have a unique solution if certain constraints are placed on it.

Step 3
Here we observe that if x and y are constrained to be natural numbers, then there is only one pair
of values for x and y that can satisfy it, which is: x = 1 and y = 1.

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