ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [1]

Class 9
IMO
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Answer the questions

(1) AC is diameter of the semicircle and BD is perpendicular to AC. If AB = 25 cm and BC = 9 cm, find the
length of BD.

(2) There are two acid solutions S 1 and S2, such that S1 contains 90% acid and S2 contains 50% acid.
What quantities of S1 and S2 should be mixed to get 10 liters of a solution that contains 74% acid.

(3) From a point in the interior of an equilateral triangle, perpendiculars are drawn on the three sides. If the
lengths of the perpendiculars are a, b and c, find the area of the triangle.
6
(4) Vinayak and Tina each have a bag that contains one ball each of the colors grey, green, white, pink,
yellow and orange. Vinayak randomly selects a ball from his bag and puts it in Tina's bag. Then Tina
randomly selects a ball from her bag and puts it in Vinayak's bag. What is the probability that after this
the contents of the bag are the same as before?
(5) There are a total of 16 chocolates - 4 each in the flavors of coffee, banana, strawberry and grape.
There are also 5 children. If each child is allowed to choose their own favorite flavor, what is the
probability that all of them will get flavors of their choice?

(6) Find the volume of the biggest cone that can fit inside a cube of side 5 cm.
(7) There are 200 teachers and students in a college. If there is one teacher for every 9 students, find the
numbers of students in college.
(8) Balvinder got an average score of 76.75 in 4 tests. He got 77 as the average of the highest 3 scores,
and his lowest two scores are the same numbers. What is the average of his highest two scores?
(9) If AB and PQ are parallel, compute the measure of ∠Y.

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [2]
(10) The letters of the word MATHEMATICS are rearranged in a random order. What is the probability that
the letters H and S have exactly 5 letters between them?
(11) Coin A is flipped 4 times and coin B is flipped 5 times. What is the probability that the number of heads
obtained from flipping the two coins is the same?
(12) A sphere and a right circular cylinder have the same radius. If the volume of the sphere is half of the
volume of the cylinder, what is the ratio of the height of the cylinder to its radius?

(13) If x + y - 6t = 0 then find the value of .

(14) At what point does line represented by the equation 8x + 4y = 52 intersects a line which is parallel to
the y-axis, and at a distance 2 units from the origin and in the positive direction of x-axis.

Choose correct answer(s) from the given choices

(15) Which of following statements are sufficient to answer the question - Who is Raj's father?
I. Surjeet and Gautam are brothers.
II. Gautam's wife is the sister of Raj's wife.
a. Statements I and II both are not sufficient
b. Statement II alone is sufficient to answer the problem.
c. Statements I and II both are needed.
d. Statement I alone is sufficient to answer the problem.

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [3]

Answers
(1) 15 cm

Step 1
Following figure shows the semicircle with the diameter AC,

According to the question, AB = 25 cm and BC = 9 cm.

The diameter(AC) of the semicircle = AB + BC
= 25 + 9
= 34 cm

Step 2
Let's draw a line OD from the center of the semicircle, as shown in the following figure,

The line OD, OA and OC are the radius of the semicircle.

AC
Therefore, OD = OA = OC =
2
34
=
2
= 17 cm

Step 3
Now, OB = OC - BC
= 17 - 9
= 8 cm

Step 4
In ΔOBD, ∠OBD = 90°
BD2 = OD2 - OB2 [By the Pythagorean theorem]
⇒ BD2 = 17 2 - 8 2
⇒ BD2 = 225
⇒ BD2 = 15 2
⇒ BD = 15 cm

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [4]
Step 5
Hence, the length of the BD is 15 cm.

(2) 6 liters of S 1 and 4 liters of S 2

Step 1
Let the quantities of solutions mixed together be x and y. The first equation, according to the
question, is x + y = 10 as their quantities sum up to a total of 10 litres.

Step 2
90
The quantity of acid in one litre of the first solution will be equal to × 1 = 0.9 litre.
100

Step 3
50
Similarly, the quantity of acid in one litre of the second solution will be equal to × 1 = 0.5
100
litres.

Step 4
74
The quantity of acid in one litre of the final mixture is × 1 = 0.74 litres.
100

Step 5
Since, the first and second solutions are mixed in their respective quantities to 10 litres of the final
equation, we can say that x × 0.9 + y × 0.5 = 10 × 0.74
or, 0.9x + 0.5y = 7.4

Step 6
We now have two linear equations in two variables. Let us solve them:

x + y = 10
or, x = 10 - y ------(1)
0.9x + 0.5y = 7.4 ------(2)
Substitute the value of x in equation (2)
0.9(10 - y) + 0.5y = 7.4
or, 9 - 0.9y + 0.5y = 7.4
or, 0.4y = 1.6
or, y = 4
Substitute the value of y in equation (1)
x = 10 - 4 = 6

Step 7
Hence, 6 litres of solution S1 and 4 litres of solution S2 are mixed together to form the given
solution.

(3)

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [5]
Step 1
Following figure shows the required triangle,

Step 2
Let's assume the side of the equilateral triangle ΔABC is x.
The area of the triangle ΔABC can be calculated using Heron's formula, since all sides of the
triangles are known.
S = (AB + BC + CA)/2
= (x + x + x)/2
= 3x/2 cm.
The area of the ΔABC =

------(1)

Step 3
AB × OP
The area of the triangle AOB =
2
x×b
=
2
bx
=
2

Step 4

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [6]
ax
Similarly, the area of the triangle ΔBOC =
2
cx
and the area of the triangle ΔAOC =
2

Step 5
The the area of the triangle ΔABC = Area(ΔAOB) + Area(ΔBOC) + Area(ΔAOC)
bx ax cx
= + +
2 2 2
(a + b + c)x
= -----(2)
2

Step 6
By comparing equation (1) and (2), we get,
√3 (a + b + c)x
(x)2 =
4 2
2(a + b + c)
⇒x=
√3

Step 7
√3
Now, Area(ΔABC) = (x)2
4
√3 2(a + b + c)
= ( )2
4 √3

√3 4(a + b + c) 2
= ( )
4 3
=

Step 8
Hence, the area of the triangle is .

2
(4)
7

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [7]

255
(5)
256

Step 1
There are 5 children. They each have some favourite flavor from among coffee, banana,
strawberry and grape. Each child's favourite could be any one of the 4 choices
The possible combinations of flavors they like = 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 = 1024

Step 2
Let's now consider the options where even one child, no matter what his or her favourite flavour is,
does not get his or her choice
Now there are 4 flavors in each choice, and 5 children.
The only way for a child not to get his or her favourite is if all 5 children choose the same flavor.
This is because if even one child chooses some other flavor from the rest, the other 4 children
could get their favourite, no matter what they choose

Step 3
The cases where some child might not get his or her choice is therefore when they all choose the
same flavor
Since there are 4 flavors, this can happen in 4 cases
4
So the probability that a child does not get his or her flavor =
1024

Step 4
4 255
Therefore the probability that all children get their choice = 1 - =
1024 256

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [8]

125π
(6) cm 3
12

Step 1
1
The volume of a cone is of radius r and height h = πr2h.
3

Step 2
Since we have to fit it inside a cube of side 5 cm, we see that the diameter of the cone will be 5
cm, and the height will be 5 cm (A cone larger than this in diameter or height will not fit inside the
cube).

Step 3
5
So, the radius of this cone = cm = 2.5 cm
2

Step 4
1
Putting these values into the equation of the volume, we get the volume of the cone = ×π×(
3
5
) 2 × 5 cm 3
2

Step 5
125π
On solving, we get the volume of the cone = cm 3
12

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [9]
(7) 180

Step 1
According to the question, there are 200 teachers and students in a college.
Also, there is one teacher for every 9 students. If we consider one teacher and 9 students as one
group, there will be 10 people (teachers and students) in one group.

Step 2
Number of groups (one teacher and 9 students) =
Total number of teachers and students in the college
Number of people in one group
200
=
1+9
200
=
10
= 20

Step 3
Number of students in the college = total teachers and students - number of teachers
= 200 - 20
= 180

Step 4
Therefore, the number of students in the college is 180.

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [10]
(8) 77.5

Step 1
The average of the scores Balvinder got in four different tests is 76.75. So the sum of scores in all
four tests = 76.75 × 4 = 307.

Step 2
The average of highest three scores is 77. Thus the total of the highest three scores = 77 × 3 =
231.

Step 3
This means that the lowest score is equal to 307 - 231 = 76.

Step 4
The lowest two scores are the same. This means the other lower score is also equal to 76.

Step 5
The total of lowest two scores is equal to 76 + 76 = 152. So the total of remaining two scores will
be 307 - 152 = 155.

Step 6
155
This means that the average of the highest two scores is equal to = 77.5.
2

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [11]
(9) 94°

Step 1

Draw a line MN parallel to both lines AB and PQ.

and ∠Y = ∠Y1 + ∠Y2

Step 2
Now, AB and MN are two parallel lines cut by a transversal OB.
Hence, ∠NOB = ∠OBA (Alternate angles)
⇒ ∠Y2 = 52°

Step 3
Now, PQ and MN are two parallel lines cut by a transversal OQ.
Hence, ∠NOQ = ∠OQP (Alternate angles)
⇒ ∠Y1 = 42°

Step 4
We know, ∠Y = ∠Y1 + ∠Y2
= 42° + 52°
= 94°
Hence, ∠Y = 94°.

10
(10)
110

Step 1
The first step is finding out all the possible arrangements of the letters of the word
MATHEMATICS.
Note that we are not interested in "unique" arrangements (in some kind of problems we would be),
but just the total possible arrangements.

Step 2
There are 11 letters in the word MATHEMATICS. So, they can be arranged in 11! ways i.e. 11 ×
10 × 9 × ... 2 × 1 ways.
To see this, if you pick any letter, it can be placed in any of the possible 11 positions.
Now, the second letter can be placed in any of the other 10 positions (11 minus the one taken up
by the first letter).
So, the two letters can be arranged in 11 × 10 ways. Similarly we can arrange the remaining
letters.

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [12]
Step 3
Now, we know that the total number of possible arrangements = 11!
We need to look for the possible arrangements where the letters H and S have exactly 5 letters
between them.

Step 4
This can be seen by inspection.
If H is at the first position (first letter of the word), then S will be at position 7 (since there are 5
letters between them).
Similarly, if H is at the second position, then S will be at position 8.
There are 5 such possible arrangements, the last one having H at the 5th position and S at the last
position.

Step 5
Interchanging the positions of S and H in all the cases given in the above step, we get 5 possible
arrangements.
So, we can place the letters H and S in 10 ways.
Now, we have filled in 2 of the 11 positions with H and S in 10 ways.
Since there is no restriction on the remaining 9 letters, the number of possible arrangements of 9
letters in 9 positions is 9!. So, the total ways to rearrange all the letters so that H and S have
exactly 5 letters between them is 10 × 9!.

Step 6
Now, we can work out the probability of rearranging the letters of the word MATHEMATICS such
that H and S have exactly 5 letters between them.
P (arrangement) =
Number of possible arrangements where H and S have 5 letters between them 10 × 9!
= =
Total number of possible arrangements of the letters of the word MATHEMATICS 11!
10
110

63
(11)
256

Step 1
The probability of getting 0 heads in both coins will be:
1 1
( ) 4 × 4C0 × ( ) 5 × 5C0
2 2
1
=
512

Step 2
The probability of getting 1 heads in both coins will be:
1 1
( ) 4 × 4C1 × ( ) 5 × 5C1
2 2

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [13]
20
=
512

Step 3
The probability of getting 2 heads in both coins will be:
1 1
( ) 4 × 4C2 × ( ) 5 × 5C2
2 2
60
=
512

Step 4
The probability of getting 3 heads in both coins will be:
1 1
( ) 4 × 4C3 × ( ) 5 × 5C3
2 2
40
=
512

Step 5
The probability of getting 4 heads in both coins will be:
1 1
( ) 4 × 4C3 × ( ) 5 × 5C3
2 2
5
=
512

Step 6
The probability of getting same number heads in both coins will be a sum of all above individual
1 20 60 40 5
probabilities: + + + +
512 512 512 512 512
126
=
512
63
= .
256

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [14]
(12) 8:3

Step 1
4
The volume of a sphere of radius 'r' = πr3
3

Step 2

The volume of a cylinder of radius 'r' and height 'h' = πr2h

Step 3
Here, we are told the the volume of the sphere is half of the volume of the cylinder.
4 1
So, πr3 = × (πr 2h)
3 2

Step 4
Solving the above equation, we get 3h = 8r.

Step 5
Therefore, the ratio of the height of the cylinder to its radius is 8:3.

(13) 1

Step 1
We are given x + y - 6t = 0
It can also be written as: (x - 3t) + (y - 3t) = 0
or (x - 3t) = -(y - 3t)

Step 2
The above step tells us that we may replace (x - 3t) with -(y - 3t) wherever needed.

Step 3

We need to find the value of which is equal to:

x 3t
+
-(y - 3t) y - 3t
-x + 3t
=
y - 3t
-(x - 3t)
=
(y - 3t)

Step 4
As we know that (x - 3t) = -(y - 3t), the answer to the above question becomes 1.

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 ID : U-312163-1-5382-IMO [15]
(14) (2, 9)

Let's consider the second line first.

The line which is parallel to the y-axis and is at a distance 2 units from the origin in the positive
direction of the x-axis is defined by the following equation
x=2 So, now we know that at the point of intersection, the value of x = 2
The equation of the first line is
8x + 4y = 52
Subtituting for x with the value 2 in this equation, we get
y=2
So the answer is that the intersection is at the point (2, 9)

(15) a. Statements I and II both are not sufficient

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