Table of contents

Chapter Particulars Page

Name No.
1 Acknowledgement I
Declaration II
Certificate III
IV
Executive Summary

3 INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY
 Company Profile 3-9
 Product Profile 10-14
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
 Indian Petrochemical Industries 16-17
 Indian Pharmaceutical Industry 18-22
 Pharmaceutical Packaging Industry 23-25
4 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT 26-30
5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 31-36
6 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 37-45
7 MAJOR LEARNING 46
8 LIMITATION AND CONSTRAINS FACED 47
10 CONCLUSION 48
11 SUGGESIONS AND RECOMMENDATION 49
12 REFERENCES
ANNEXURE

Page | 1
 COMPANY PROFILE

Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd (HPL) is a competitive modern naphtha based

Petrochemical Complex located 125 kms from Kolkata, at Haldia, West
Bengal,India.

It is a prestigious Joint Venture project having the Government of West

Bengal, The Chatterjee Group, the TATAs with the Indian Oil Corporation,
etc. as major stakeholders with an investment of Rs 5864 crores.

Page | 2
HPL is the second largest petrochemical industry in India with a total
capacity equivalent to 7, 00,000 TPA of ethylene. Process technologies for
various manufacturing plants have been selected from internationally
renowned vendors with an aim to produce world class products with
excellent safety and environment considerations.

Notable process technology suppliers and contractors for the project include–

Plant Technology Contractor

Toyo Engineering,
Naphtha Cracker Unit Lummus, USA
Japan
Butadiene Extraction Unit BASF, Germany Lurgi,  Germany
Benzene Extraction Unit Lurgi, Germany Lurgi,  Germany
Pyrolysis Gasoline
Axen, France Lurgi,  Germany
Hydrogenation Unit
C4 Hydrogenation Unit Axen, France SAIPEM, India
High Density Polyethylene Mitsui, Japan Daelim, South Korea
Linear Low Density Lyondell Basell,
Technimont, Italy
Polyethylene Netherlands
Lyondell Basell,
Polypropylene Daelim, South Korea
Netherlands

Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd. will not only benefit the plastics industry in the
Eastern Region, its presence is expected to bring in much needed new
investments in end-use sectors such as processed food, edible oil, cement,
fertilizer, detergents, lube oil, automotive parts, thermo ware, electronics,
mosquito nets etc.

Page | 3
 Business Development Group of HPL

HPL has formed a Business Development Group (BD Group) to facilitate

investment in plastics processing capacity. The BD Group is constantly
monitoring the market, identifying products, which can be exploited
commercially, conducting surveys and preparing project profiles to provide
necessary inputs to potential investors.

Recently the Business Development Group of Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd. is

focusing more on creating market to catalyse the market demand of plastics
finished products in general and more so in the eastern region of the country.

Page | 4
 This process will help creating an interest among the prospective
entrepreneurs to invest in the high demand segments, thus boosting the
overall consumption of plastics in the region. The company is focusing more
on the agro based industries, as it has identified rural market and agro based
sector are relatively untapped segments, and a huge growth potential for
plastics consumption exists in these segments. Now company has focused on
the Lube industries, which have a great potential in the eastern region. With
faster industrial growth, and especially increase in agricultural sector, the
Lube market shows speedy growth in this sector.

Business development effort in the eastern region has also borne fruits.
Compared to the all India industrial growth figures of 6.3% last fiscal, the all
India polyolefin market growth was ~8.7%. The growth in consumption in
the eastern India was 11% and the consumption in West Bengal grew by a
stunning 20%.

Opportunities of Business Development Group

 Rapidly expanding Eastern Region Market. (Examples of end-products

include plastic woven sacks, Leno bags, Ropes & Twines, Carry bags,
Moulded furniture, Crates & Bins, Roto moulded items, Tatami mats )
 Opportunities to export to neighboring countries.(Examples of end -
products include Carry bags, Tarpaulins, Woven sacks, FIBC, etc )
 Availability of good infrastructure and Single Window clearance by
WBIDC.

Page | 5
 Major Milestone

Year Key Events

2010 Sucessful completion of project Supermax
2009 HPLCL buyout and management control
2007 Turnover exceeded 2 Billion USD. Reported maximum
PAT since inception
2005 Capacity enhanced by 25%
2004 Reported PAT for the first time. Turnover exceeded 1
Billion USD
2003 Corporate Debt Restructuring (CDR) Approved

Page | 6
2001 Commercial production started.
2000 Project Commissioned. Trial production started
1997 Project construction started
1996 Land Acquisition completed
1994 MOU signed between WBIDC, Chatterjee Fund
Management, Soros Fund Management & Tata group of
companies for implementation of HPL Complex through
a joint venture co.
1992 Environmental Clearance of the project received
1985 Incorporated as a public limited company

Impact on the Eastern Region

The coming of Haldia Petrochemicals Limited has not only had tremendous
impact on the resurgence of West Bengal but on the entire eastern region.
This is the largest investment in West Bengal after Durgapur Steel Plant in
the 60s.

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The plastics sector – often referred to as the “Sunrise Industry” – had not
grown sufficiently in the East, due to the non-availability of raw materials
in the region.

The Eastern Region with the population of almost 300 million people
converts only about 225 KTA of polyolefins. The consumption of plastics in
West Bengal is 3.1 kg/capita as compared to an average 3.8 kg/capita of all
India levels. This is miniscule when compared to the world average of
23kg/capita.

Consumption trends for finished plastic goods in the ER is at par with the
other regions of the country and as a result, a lot of products – both consumer
and specialized industrial products are imported into the Eastern Region from
different parts of the country.

With the commercial operation of Haldia Petrochemicals Limited in full

swing and the consequent availability of high quality raw materials, there
exists a tremendous opportunity for manufacturing these products in the
Eastern Region.

Vision

To be a profitable, efficient and customer focused organization, recognized as

a leading supplier of quality products and services.
Delivering value to its shareholders.
Dedicated to achieve customer satisfaction.
Demanding, yet caring for its employees.
Demanding, yet fair and courteous to its vendors.
To be responsible as corporate citizen

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 PRODUCT PROFILE

What are Plastics?

Definition: Synthesized organic substances of high Molecular Weight

(Polymers) which can be molded or shaped by flow – FIT FOR MOLDING –
and remain SOLID AT ORDINARY TEMPERATURE.

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Classification:

1. Thermoplastic

2. Thermosets

Polymers:

The term polymer implies many "mers" or the building blocks.

A simple chemical unit repeats itself a very large number of times in the
structure of a polymer molecule. This unit may consist of a single atom, or a
group of atoms linked chemically.

Polymerization:

Polymers are macromolecules because smaller molecules are joined together

to form polymer chains. This process is called polymerization.

Those organic molecules that are suitable for polymerization are the
monomers we just discussed.

Thermoplastics:

A material that repeatedly softens by when heated and hardens when cooled.

Thermosets :

A material that gets hardened by chemical reaction once heated. It

cannot be softened further by cooling.

Examples of Plastics:

 Thermoplastics:

Polyethylene – High Density Poly Ethylene (HDPE),

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 Linear Low Density Poly Ethylene (LLDPE),

Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE).

Polypropylene – PP

Polystyrene - PS

Poly Vinyl Chloride – PVC

Poly Acrylo Nitrile – PAN

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene – ABS

Styrene Acrylonitrile – SAN

Poly Carbonate - PC

Polyethylene Terephthalate - PET

 Thermosets:

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin - PFR

Melamine Formaldehyde Resin - MFR

Urea Formaldehyde Resin - UFR

TECHNIQUES FOR PLASTIC PROCESSING:

Page | 11
 Plastic
Granules

Blow Molding Roto-molding Extrusion Thermoforming Compression

Molding

Pipe Raffin Lamination

Mono Sheet Film
filaments Extrusion Tapes Extrusion Extrusion

There are various types of plastics, which can be used for preparing
packaging containers. They are mainly LLDPE, HDPE, PP, PVC and PET.

High Density Polyethylene: HDPE is the most widely used resin for plastic
containers. This material is economical, impact resistant, and provides a good

Page | 12
moisture barrier. HDPE is compatible with a wide range of products
including acids and caustics but is not compatible with solvents. HDPE is
naturally translucent and flexible. While HDPE provides good protection at
below freezing temperatures, it cannot be used with products filled at over
160 °F (71.1 °C) or products requiring a hermetic (vacuum) seal.

Low Density Polyethylene: LDPE is similar to HDPE in composition. It is

less rigid and generally less chemically resistant than HDPE, but is more
translucent. LDPE is used primarily for squeeze applications. LDPE is
significantly more expensive than HDPE.

Polyethylene Terephthalate: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET, PETE or

polyester) is commonly used for carbonated beverage and water bottles. PET
provides very good alcohol and essential oil barrier properties, generally very
good chemical and a high degree of impact resistance and tensile strength.
The orienting process serves to improve gas and moisture barrier properties
and impact strength. This material does not provide resistance to high
temperature applications—max. temperature. 160 °F (71.1 °C).

Polyvinyl Chloride: PVC is naturally clear, has extremely good resistance to

oils, and has very low oxygen transmission. It provides an excellent barrier to
most gases and its drop impact resistance is also very good. This material is
chemically resistant, but it is vulnerable to solvents. PVC is an excellent
choice for salad oil, mineral oil, and vinegar. It is also commonly used for

Page | 13
shampoos and cosmetic products. PVC exhibits poor resistance to high
temperatures and will distort at 160 °F (71.1 °C), making it incompatible
with hot filled products

Polypropylene: Polypropylene or PP is used primarily for jars and closures

and provides a rigid package with excellent moisture barrier. One major
advantage of polypropylene is its stability at high temperatures, up to 200 °F.
Polypropylene is autoclavable and offers the potential for steam sterilization.
The compatibility of PP with high filling temperatures is responsible for its
use with hot fill products such as pancake syrup. PP has excellent moderate
resistance, but provides poor impact resistance in cold temperatures.

Page | 14
 INDIAN PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES

The petrochemical industry in India has been one of the fastest growing
industries in the country. This industry has immense importance in growth
and development of manufacturing industry.It provides the foundation for
manufacturing industries like construction, packaging, pharmaceuticals,
agriculture, textiles etc.

The Indian petrochemical industry is a highly concentrated one and is

oligopolistic in nature.Only four major companies viz. Reliance Industries
Ltd (RIL), Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd. (IPCL), Gas Authority of

Page | 15
India Ltd. (GAIL) and Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd. (HPL) used to dominate
the industry at a large extent.

The Characteristics of Indian Petrochemical Industry:

Petrochemical Industry in India is a cyclical industry. India has one of the
lowest per capita consumptions of petrochemical products in the world. For
example, the per capita consumption of polymers is 4 kg in India, whereas
the per capita consumption is around 20 kg for the whole world.

The Growth:
The petrochemical industry in India came into existence during 1970s. The
1980s and 1990s saw some rapid growths for Indian petrochemical industry.
The biggest reason for this growth was the high demand for petrochemicals
in India, which grew at an annual rate of 13 to 14% since late 90s. The BMI
forecast of average annual growth in India over 2007-2011 is 14 to 16%.

The production of 5.06 MMT polymers during FY09 accounted for around
62% of the total production of key petrochemicals. It also achieved 88.5%
capacity utilization.

Key Segments:
Petrochemical industry is constituted of the following key segments:

 Polymers:
The demand for polymers saw a growth of 13.4% during 2007,
comparing to a demand growth of 5.6% in 2006.

 Polyester Intermediates: The combined production was 3,417 KT

during 2007.

Page | 16
  Aromatics (Paraxylene): The demand for Paraxylene (PX) saw a
growth of 18% during 2007.

 Benzene, Toluene, MX and OX: The demands for Toluene and OX

saw a contraction rate of 4% and 10% respectively during 2007.

Top Petrochemical Companies in India:

 Reliance Industries Ltd.

 Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd.
 Indian Oil Corporation
 Gas Authority of India Limited
 National Organic Chemical Industry Ltd.
 Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd.

INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

The Indian pharmaceutical industry can be divided into the bulk drug and
formulations segments.
Bulk Drugs

These are the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with medicinal

properties, which are used to manufacture medicines.

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Bulk drug production in the country recorded a CAGR of 20 per cent during
the period FY1991-2001.During the period FY1991-2000, bulk drugs exports
from India increased at a CAGR of 25 per cent and imports into India was
Rs. 22.65 billion in FY2001.

Formulations
Formulations are the end-products of the medicine manufacturing process,
and can take the form of tablets, capsules, injectables or syrups.The
production of formulations in India increased at a CAGR of 17 per cent
during the period FY1991-2001. The exports of formulations from India
increased at a CAGR of 29% during FY1991-2000.
Market Structure

Indian domestic pharmaceutical market by 2005 stands at $ 5.3 billion dollar,

export in value terms stands at $ 3.7 billion and import about $ 985 million.
Number of Units in Indian Pharmaceutical Industry(Source: OPPI)

Year ----------Number of Units

1989-90------16,000
2000-01------20,053

TOP 5 INDIAN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES

CCOMPANIES REVENUE (2007)

Ranbaxy Rs 25,196.48 crore

Dr.. Reddy’s Laboratories Rs 4,162.25 crore

Page | 18
 Rs 3,763.72 crore
Cipla

Rs 2,463.59 crore
Sun Pharma Industries

Rs 2,215.52 crore
Lupin Labs

Pharma Industry in West Bengal

The genesis of Indian pharmaceutical industry is always traced to the state of

West Bengal. The starting point was in 1901 when the noted teacher and
scientist Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray laid the foundation stones of Bengal
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Works Ltd (BCPL).

Page | 19
BCPL is still a success story with four factories – two in West Bengal ,one in
Mumbai ,one in Kanpur

The state capital, Kolkata was considered, at one point of time, for
production of cost effective and quality drugs. Pharmaceutical industries of
Kolkata shared more than 80 per cent of the national drug production in
1940, which has gradually been reduced to less than Six per cent in 2007.

Skilled manpower is the basic input and there is an acute shortage of

manpower at all levels in the industry. It is becoming increasingly difficult to
find the right people for the right position. Human resources in the pharma
industry are not well developed at all.

The State Directorate of Drugs Control has extended a helping hand to the
pharmaceutical producers in meeting global standards in stages. The West
Bengal government is planning to announce a comprehensive Drug Policy for
the state.

Top 10 W.B. Based Companies With Turnover (2009)

Page | 20
NAME OF COMPANIES TURNOVER IN Rs. Crores

Albert David 132

East India Pharmaceuticals 80

Baidynath 76

Dey’s Medical 71

Palson drugs 28

Stadmed Private 17

EMCEE Pharmaceuticals 6

Burnet Pharmaceuticals 6

G D Pharmaceuticals 3

Union drugs 5

Page | 21
 STATE WISE NUMBER OF PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES

4000
3500
3000
2500 Bulk drug
manufacturing
2000
companies
1500
Drug formulation
1000 companies
500
0
North East West South

140
120
100
80
60 Bulk Drug Co.
40 Formulation Co.
20
0
West Bihar Orissa Jharkhand
Bengal

Source: National Pharmaceutical Pricing Authority, Government of India,

New Delhi (2009)

Page | 22
 PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGING INDUSTRY

The packaging industry is divided into two types –

 Primary packaging

 Secondary packaging

 Primary packaging includes blisters, tablet strip, aluminum foil

printing, glass and pet and other plastic bottles, PVC film, bottle caps,
saline bags and flips of seal.

 Bottle labels, plastic wrapper, cardboard boxes and wooden cartons are
part of the secondary packaging industry.

Global View of Packaging Industry:

One market research conducted by FIND/SVP Inc. revealed that during 1993
to 1997, pharmaceutical packaging market annually grew by 4.9% and
expected to increase in the coming years. The U.S remains the leader in
pharmaceutical packaging industry, followed by Japan and West Europe.

This survey also showed that within 2011 Pharmaceutical packaging industry
is expected to grow by 5.9% per annum and is predicted to reach $34billion
mark within 2011.

Besides U.S ,Western Europe and Japan, China is prospering toward

achieving as one of the leading pharmaceutical packaging industries in the
world.Some other very strong contending contries are India and Brezil.

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 Global Pharmaceutical Products Distribution in 2008
Type (%)
Rigid 57.5
Bottle 32
Blister 19
Prefilled Syringe 6.5
Flexible 42.5
Pouch 11
Tube 10.5
Vial 17
Other 4
Total 100
[Source: Institute of Packaging Professionals (IOPP)]

Indian Pharmaceutical Packaging Industry and Market Share of

Different Packaging Materials:

Page | 24
The Indian pharmaceutical companies, specially the bulk drug manufacturing
companies, may have made rapid strides in developing new molecules and in
production techniques, but have a long way to go when it comes to
packaging. In fact, as of now, packaging still takes a back seat in the whole
process.

The Indian packaging industry is growing fast in mainly three categories:

 Manufacturing of glass and plastic bottles

 cardboard

 Printing.

The market size of the pharmaceutical packaging industry stands at around

Tk 500 crore a year, which is 7 percent of the pharmaceuticals' total market
size, according to an estimate.

the market size for glass bottles hovers around Tk 80 crore.

However, demand for plastic (pet) bottle is gradually rising. Many

pharmaceutical companies have developed their own production unit for pet
bottles, such as Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.Apart from the giants, small and
medium entrepreneurs are also producing bottles, saline bags and syringes.
Their production accounts for 20 percent of the country's local plastic goods
market that is worth Tk 4,000 crore a year.

Simultaneously, the carton and printing industry also grew shoulder-to-

shoulder with other packaging materials, with a market size of around Tk 200
crore a year.

Page | 25
Page | 26
 ABOUT THE PRODUCT

What is HDPE?

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polyethylene high-density (PEHD)

is a polyethylene thermoplastic made from petroleum. The global HDPE
market reached a volume of more than 30 million tons.

HDPE is resistant to many different solvents and has a wide variety of

applications, including:

 Telecom Ducts
 Containers
o Laundry detergent bottles
o Milk jugs
o Fuel tanks for vehicles
o Watering cans
 Plastic lumber
 Folding tables
 Folding chairs
 Storage sheds
 Portable basketball system bases
 Plastic bags
 Chemical-resistant piping systems etc.

Competitive products of HDPE:

 Glass
 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)
 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
 Polypropylene (PP)

Page | 27
In India the manufacturer of HDPE are Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd (HPL),
Reliance India Ltd (RIL), Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Ltd
(IPCL), and Gas Authority of India Ltd (GAIL).

HDPE Polyolefins Producer & Consumption India: 2002-2003:

GAIL
560KT KT

RIL 210 KT HPL

IPCL
1000KT KT

450 KT

Page | 28
Data of Haldia Petrochemical Ltd. for HDPE

Haldia Petrochemicals Limited is the second largest manufacturer of

polyethylene in India with a total capacity of over 7, 00,000 tonnes per
annum. It caters to more than 70% of the demand in eastern India and 30%
on overall country basis.
The product portfolio under polyethylene segment consists of various grades
of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).
HPL manufactures a wide range of HDPE grades having narrow, medium &
broad (bi-modal) molecular weight distribution using Mitsui Slurry CX
Process to suit a wide range of end uses.

This product from HPL is of benchmark quality, meeting the highest

international standards and is used extensively by packaging, consumer
durables, house ware, automobiles, furniture, container or luggage
manufacturers in India and abroad.

Page | 29
Market share of High Density Poly Ethylene in Eastern India (HPL data
source):

HPL enjoys around 23% market share of the country and an overwhelming
64% market share of the eastern region.

NOCIL GAIL RIL

2% 4% 10%

IPCL
20%

HPL
64%

[Source: From HPL Data, 2007]

Page | 30
Page | 31
 Objective of the Project

Primary Objective:
Haldia Petrochemicals Limited is one of the major players in the
petrochemical industry in West Bengal. It has realized the tremendous
potential of the plastic container, mainly containers made of HDPE, for
Pharmaceutical products packaging. In realization of this opportunity it plans
to invite corporate to set up plastic container manufacturing unit in Kolkata
and surroundings for which it will be the major supplier of Raw materials.
In its quest to fulfill this objective Haldia Petrochemicals wishes to estimate
the potential of this market in the Kolkata and surroundings.

In order to this it has taken up a project to establish the demand of Plastic

containers (specially HDPE) in Pharmaceutical sector of Kolkata and
surroundings.

Secondary Objective:

 Mapping of Pharmaceutical Industries in Eastern India.

 Understanding demand of other plastic packaging items in
pharmaceutical industries.
 Compare the demand of all the different products.

Job Assigned:
In order to fulfill the above mentioned objectives, the job of market analysis
to estimate the demand of HDPE containers in pharmaceutical product
packaging and also the job to compare it with the demand of other materials

Page | 32
for pharmaceutical packaging containers in Kolkata and surroundings was
assigned to me.

Key Responsibilities:
 Understanding the purpose behind the job assigned and how it serves
the overall business purpose of company.
 Exhibit seriousness attached to the assignment given and meeting in
times all the deadlines given and targets given
 Understanding how other functional departments work.
 Seeking as many meaningful answers as possible.
 Attempting to build a cordial & beneficial relationship between the
institute as its ambassador and the company.

Stages of Project:
 Mapping the Pharmaceutical companies of Eastern India state wise.
 Collect preliminary data & contact details of pharmaceutical
manufacturing plants ofKolkata and surroundings.
 Collect secondary data using Internet and existing database.
 Interact with Purchase Manager/Production Head/Personnel manager
of various Pharmaceutical manufacturing plants and gauge the
requirement of various packaging materials.
 Calculating the collected data and quantify the demand of different
types of plastic polymers.
 Comparing and analyzing the calculated data.

Page | 33
 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Geographical scope:
The survey was carried out in Kolkata and some other districts near
Kolkata.
Other Aspects:
The scope of the project is restricted only to the Pharmaceutical
manufacturing plants, who are the end users of various plastic
polymers.

 SAMPLING PLAN:

This has been rationally done in such a way so that all the major
Pharmaceutical manufacturing houses of various parts of Kolkata and
surroundings can be covered to frame out the actual demand side.

 SAMPLE SIZE:

Total size – 25 pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, situated in

around Kolkata. Out of which 17 major companies of Kolkata are
visited and 8 companies around Kolkata are contacted through phone.

 DATA COLLECTION:

Data collection is one of the most important part of any project work.
Success or failure of any research depends on the validity and
accuracy of the data collected.

Page | 34
  Primary Source of data: Self –structured questionnaire has been
used for the collection of the data. The questionnaire consists 13
questions. Among which 9 questions (Q.1-8 and 13)are close ended
and 4 questions(Q.9-12) are open ended.

 Secondary source of data :

 Data provided by the company (Haldia petrochemical ltd.)
 Data provided by District Drug Controller
 Rest of the data was collected by the researcher

MARKET ANALYSIS:

In this part, effort has been made to represent the data of the survey in the
most comprehensible fashion. All the analysis based on primary data. It has
been focused to calculate the present market scenario of different types of
plastic containers for Pharmaceutical packaging in West Bengal (mainly
HDPE containers).

The market analysis is done in such a manner –

 MTA calculation of PET containers

 MTA calculation of HDPE containers

 MTA calculation of HDPE caps

 MTA calculation of Polypropylene (PP) caps

 MTA calculation of Polypropylene (PP) containers

 TABULATION, COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS:

Finally the details gathered were tabulated, compiled and analyzes for
preparation of the report. The calculation used to find out the final
metric tonne per annum (MTA) amount is as follows –

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A= weight of one item in grams

B= approximate requirement of that item per month

A∗B∗12
MTA = 1000000

 STATISTICAL TOOLS USED:

The data collected was classified and analyzed using the following
tool-
 Percentage method

 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION:
 Pie chart

Page | 36
Data analysis and interpretation is done by the data collected according to the
prepare questionnaire from the respondents of 25 surveyed pharmaceutical
companies .

Q.1

From the data provided by the company MTA of required HDPE

polymer for container is calculated -

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The required HDPE polymer for containers for 25 surveyed pharmaceutical
manufacturing plants is 339 MTA.

Q.2

From the data provided by the company MTA of required HDPE

polymer for cap is calculated -

The required HDPE polymer for caps for 25 surveyed pharmaceutical

manufacturing plants is 104 MTA.

Percentage share of HDPE polymer requirement for containers and

caps:

23%

77% HDPE Container

HDPE cap

 From Q.1 and Q.2we can find that the total requirement of HDPE
polymer in surveyed companies is 443 MTA.
In this 77% polymer is required for HDPE containers and rest for HDPE
caps and leads.

Q.3

Major users of HDPE containers:

 Manufacturer of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API)

 Phenyl and cleaning materials.

Some companies who use HDPE for non-drug products:

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  Bengal Chemical –Pheneol (Phenyl), Lysol , Bleaching powder
 W.B.P.P.D.C.L - Phenyl.

Percentage share of HDPE polymer requirement for packaging of

Non-drug and Drug:

29%

Non-Drug
Drug

71%

Q.4

From the data provided by the company MTA of required PET polymer
for container is calculated -

The required PET polymer for containers for 25 surveyed pharmaceutical

manufacturing plants is 1482 MTA.

Q.5

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Product packed in PET containers:

Most of the pharmaceutical products are packed in PET containers.

Generally the formulation drugs are packed in PET containers.

Q.6

From the data provided by the company MTA of required PP polymer

for container is calculated -

The required PP polymer for containers for 25 surveyed pharmaceutical

manufacturing plants is 108 MTA.

Q.7

From the data provided by the company MTA of required PP

polymer for cap is calculated -

The required PP polymer for cap for 25 surveyed pharmaceutical

manufacturing plants is 151 MTA.

Percentage share of polymer requirement for Polypropylene (PP)

container and cap:

Page | 40
 42%
PP Container
58%
PP Cap

 From Q.6 and Q.7 we can find that the total requirement of HDPE
polymer in surveyed companies is 259 MTA.
In this 58% polymer is required for PP cap and rest for PP containers.

Q.8

Major use of PP:

PP is basically used for herbal products and body oils.

From the data we found in Q.1, Q.2, Q.4, Q.6, Q.7, the total consumption of
various plastic polymers can be found is 2184MTA.
The percentage share of all plastic polymers is:

Page | 41
 7%

5%

5%

PET
HDPE containers
16%
HDPE caps
PP containers
PP caps

68%

 68% of the polymer requirement of the surveyed companies is PET

polymers.
 15% of the polymer requirement is HDPE polymer and this HDPE polymer
requirement is only for containers.
 5% of the polymer requirement is HDPE polymer for caps only.
 7% of the polymer requirement is PP polymer for PP caps and rest id for PP
containers.

Q.9

REASONS OF USING GLASS BOTTLES:

Page | 42
  Transparent – Glass bottles are transparent in nature, so the product
inside can be seen from outside.
 Chemically inert –It is totally safe to store any kind of chemical
product in glass bottles. Because it does not react with any chemical.

 Complete gas barrier property –Provide gas barrier to the chemical

stored. So, that the product can be kept in good quality for a long time.

 High shelf -life – Product stored in glass bottles has high shelf-life.

 Local availability – Availability of glass containers are more than any

plastic containers.

REASONS OF NOT USING GLASS BOTTLES:

 Breakage cost is higher for glass bottles.

 Carriage cost is higher for glass bottles.

Q.10

REASONS OF USING HDPE BOTTLES:

 HDPE containers are strong enough to carry these huge amounts.

 HDPE containers are non- reactive to phenyl and disinfectants.

 No breakage threat.

REASONS OF NOT USING HDPE BOTTLES:

 HDPE containers are not transparent in color.

 The cost of HDPE polymer is higher than other plastic polymers.

Q.11

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REASON OF USING PET BOTTLES:

 Transparent –Its transparency is quite similar of glass bottles and it is

more transparent than PP when HDPE is completely translucent in
nature.
 No breakage threat

 Light in weight

 Better barrier property – The gas barrier property of PET is not as good
as glass but it is better than any other plastic container.

REASON OF NOT USING PET BOTTLES:

There is no proper cause of not using PET bottles.

Some companies are using glass bottles from a long period and not
willing to change it.

Q.12

REASON OF USING PP CONTAINERS:

The main reason of using PP container is its cost. It is cheaper than any
other material used for containers.

REASON OF NOT USING PP CONTAINERS:

 It is readily reactive to various chemicals.

 The self-life of products is very low in PP containers.

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Q.13) UPCOMING PROJECTS

 Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Ltd. is coming up with a new

project for one of its factories in West Bengal .

This new project is consist of some non-drug products such as

Pheneol 20 litre and 450 litre , Klin Toilet etc.

The expected demand of HDPE container is ---

Type of Individual Requirement

MTA
Packaging weight (gm) (month)
20 lit 1000 10,000 120
450 ml 35 10,00,000 420
500 ml 45 2,00,000 108

So,the expected total requirement of HDPE in BCPL’s upcoming

project is around 648 MTA .

 Standard Pharmaceutical is planning new project in Birshibpur

,Howrah, which will require HDPE containers for packaging.

 Fresenius Kabi Onchology,a Delhi based pharmaceutical company, is

working on a new project in Kalyani,West Bengal,of active pharma
ingredients (API) ,which may require HDPE containers for packaging.

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 MAJOR LEARNINGS

 Working culture of Haldia petrochemical Ltd.

 Operative function of Petrochemical industries in India.
 Structure of pharmaceutical manufacturing plants of West Bengal.
 Packaging trend of various products of pharmaceutical companies
in West Bengal.
 Trend of Containers used in pharmaceutical packaging.
 Trend of Capping used in pharmaceutical packaging.
 Scope of HDPE containers in the Pharmaceutical packaging of
West Bengal.

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 LIMITATION AND CONSTRAINTS FACED

 Primary research can only be conducted in Kolkata and surroundings.

Due to lack of contact details and incorrect address /contact number, a

number of companies outside Kolkata cannot be reached.

 Response Error:

o A number of pharmaceutical manufacturing houses were

unwilling to disclose their information about productions and
packaging.

o Pharmaceutical companies are involved in manufacturing a huge

range of products. Discussing all the details of each type of
packaging through phone was not possible every time. For that
cause telephonic survey was not successful for companies
beyond Kolkata and surroundings.

o Purchase managers or Personnel managers of some leading

companies could not make out time to provide adequate
information because of their busy schedule.

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 CONCLUSION

 The usage of HDPE polymers in pharmaceutical sectors are very less

now a day. A few companies are using it for some specific products.
The usage of HDPE for formulations is not so significant.HDPE is
mainly used in case of disinfectants and cleaners.

 Area of growth of HDPE container use is significant, as some

companies (Bengal Chemicals, Standard Pharmaceutical,Freshenius
kabi oncology) are coming up with new projects using HDPE
containers for packaging .

 Though there is a significant use of glass bottles in the

market(Nearby 50% ) , PET bottle is fast replacing it .Most of the
pharma companies are starting to adopt PET containers instead of
glass. Among different grades of plastic containers the usage of PET
bottles are maximum.
 In comparison to other plastic container usage PP container usage is
very less.Major uses of PP is done in case of capping containers. PP
polymer is also used as the measuring cap for various medicines.

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 SUGGESION & RECOMMENDATION

 Haldia Petrochemical (HPL) should approach various entrepreneur

who are interested to establish plant for plastic containers, as there is a
huge requirement of containers but supply is low.
 HPL should organize an awareness campaign about the benefits of
HDPE and other plastic containers over glass (if possible), as there are
some misperception about the usage and effects of these containers.

Page | 49
 REFERENCES

Documents:

 Diagnostic Study Report on Pharmaceutical Cluster by Sri Bijaya

Kumar Panda, CDA, Sri Digambar Satapathy, CDA

 Directory Of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Units In India

Sites:

www.business.mapsofindia.com/petrochemical

www.haldiapetrochemicals.com

www.pharmabiz.com

www.thedailystar.net

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 QUESTIONNAIRE

COMPANY NAME:

ADDRESS: CONTACT NUMBER:

CONTACT PERSON: DESIGNATION:

1)If HDPE containers are used by the company, then what are the
sizes,individual weight and monthly requirement?

INDIVIDUAL MONTHLY MTA

SIZE
WEIGHT REQUIREMENT

2) If HDPE caps are used by the company, then what are the
sizes,individual weight and monthly requirement?

INDIVIDUAL MONTHLY MTA

SIZE
WEIGHT REQUIREMENT

3) What kind of product is packed in HDPE containers?

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4)If PET containers are used by the company,then what are the
sizes,individual weight and monthly requirement?

INDIVIDUAL MONTHLY MTA

SIZE
WEIGHT REQUIREMENT

5)What kind of product is packed in those PET containers?

6)If PP containers are used by the company, then what are the
sizes,individual weight and monthly requirement?

INDIVIDUAL MONTHLY MTA

SIZE
WEIGHT REQUIREMENT

7)If PP caps are used by the company, then what are the sizes, individual
weight and monthly requirement?

INDIVIDUAL MONTHLY MTA

SIZE
WEIGHT REQUIREMENT

Page | 52
8) What kind of product is packed in those PP containers?

9) What are the reasons behind using or not using glass containers?

REASONS FOR NOT

REASOS FOR USING
USING

10)What are the reasons behind using or not using HDPE containers?

REASONS FOR NOT

REASOS FOR USING
USING

11) What are the reasons behind using or not using PET containers?

REASONS FOR NOT

REASOS FOR USING
USING

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12)What are the reasons behind using or not using PP containers?

REASONS FOR NOT

REASOS FOR USING
USING

13) Upcoming project of the company that using plastic containers?

(if any)

Thank you for your help

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