B.N.M.

Institute of Technology
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Department of Mechanical Engineering

GOVERNORS
1. Derive an expression for speed and height of Porter governor?
2. Derive an expression for stiffness in Hartnell governor?
3. Derive an expression for Effort and Power of a governor?
4. Define the following terms (i)Equilibrium Speed (ii) Isochronism (iii)Stability (iv)Sensitiveness
(v)Effort (vi)Power (vii) Radius of governor (viii) Height of governor.
5. The arms of a porter governor are 300mm long. The upper arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation and
the lower arms are attached to the sleeve at a distance of 35mm from the axis of rotation. The mass of
sleeve is 54kg and the mass of each ball is 7kg. Determine the equilibrium speed when the radius of
rotation of the ball is 225mm. What will be the range of speed for this position if the frictional
resistance to the motion of the sleeve is equivalent to a force of 30N at the sleeve?

6. The lengths of the upper arms and the lower arms of a porter governor are 20cm and 25cm respectively.
Both the arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation. The central load is 150N, the weight of each ball is
20N and the friction of the sleeve together with the resistance of the operating gear is equivalent to a
force of 30N at the sleeve. If the limiting inclinations of the upper arms to the vertical arms are 30 0 and
400. Determine the range of speed of the governor.

7. The arms of a porter governor are each 300mm long and are hinged on the axis of rotation. The mass of
each ball is 5kg and the mass of the sleeve is 15kg. The radius of rotation of the ball is 200mm, when
the governor begins to lift and 250mm when the governor is at maximum speed. Determine (i) Range
of speed, neglecting sleeve friction. (ii) Range of speed, if the frictional force at the sleeve is 30N.

8. A loaded porter governor has four links each 250mm long, two revolving masses each of 3kg and a
dead weight of mass 20kg. All the links are attached to respective sleeves at radial distances of 40mm
from the axis of rotation. The masses revolve at a radius of 150mm at minimum speed and 200mm at
maximum speed. Determine the range of speed.

9. All the arms of a porter governor are 178mm long and are hinged at a distance of 38mm from the axis
of rotation. The mass of each ball is 1.15kg and the mass of sleeve is 20kg. The governor sleeve begins
to rise at 280rpm when the links are at an angle of 30 0 to the vertical. Assuming the friction force to be
constant, determine the minimum and maximum speed of rotation when the inclination of the arms to
the vertical is 450.

10. A porter governor has arms 250mm long, each are pivoted on the axis of rotation. Mass of each
governor ball is 2kg. At mean speed of 200rpm, it is found that centrifugal force exerted at each ball is
 100N. Neglecting friction, determine the central load if the sleeve movement is restricted to ± 20mm.
Also determine the range of speed.

11. Each arm of a porter governor is 250mm long. The upper and lower arms are pivoted to the links of
40mm and 50mm respectively from the axis of rotation. Each ball has a mass of 5kg and the sleeve
mass is 50kg. The force of friction on the sleeve of the mechanism is 40N. Determine the range of
speed of the governor for extreme radii of rotation of 125mm and 150mm.

12. Each ball of a porter governor has a mass of 3kg and the mass of the sleeve is 15kg. The governor has
equal arms each of 200mm length and pivot on the axis of rotation. When the radius of the balls is
120mm, the sleeve begins to rise up and 160mm at the maximum speed. Determine (i) Range of Speed
(ii) Lift of the sleeve (iii) Effort of the governor (iv) Power of the governor. What will be the effect of
friction at the sleeve if it is equivalent to 8N?

13. In a porter governor the arms and links are each 10cm long and intersect on the main axis. Mass of
each ball is 9kg and the central mass is 40kg. When the sleeve is in its lowest position the arms are
inclined at 300 to the axis. The lift of the sleeve is 2cm. What is the friction force at the sleeve, if the
speed at the beginning of ascend from the lowest position is equal to the speed at the beginning of
descend from the highest position. What is the range of speed of governor, if all other things remain
same?

14. In a spring controlled governor, the extreme radii of rotation of the balls are 80mm and 120mm. The
ball arm and the sleeve arm of the bell crank lever are equal in length. The mass of each ball is 2kg. If
the speeds at the two extreme positions are 400rpm and 420rpm. Find (i) Initial compression of the
spring. (ii) The spring constant.

15. The radius of rotation of the balls of a hartnell governor is 100mm at the minimum speed of 300rpm.
Determine the speed after the sleeve has lifted by 50mm and also determine initial compression of the
spring, governor effort and power. The length of ball arm of lever is 150mm, length of the sleeve arm is
100mm, weight of each ball is 40N and stiffness of spring is 25N/mm.

16. The mass of each ball of a hartnell type governor is 1.4kg. The length of ball arm of the bell crank lever
is 100mm where as the length of arm towards sleeve is 50mm. The extreme radii of rotation of the balls
are 75mm and 112.5mm. The maximum equilibrium speed is 6% greater than the minimum
equilibrium speed which is 300rpm. Determine (i) Stiffness of the spring (ii) Equilibrium speed when
radius of rotation of the ball is 90mm, neglecting the obliquity of arms.

17. The mass of each ball of a spring controlled governor is 1.4kg. The bell crank lever has its vertical arm
90mm and horizontal arm 40mm. The distance of fulcrum from the axis of rotation is 45mm. The
sleeve has a mass of 7.5kg. The sleeve begins to rise at 220rpm. The rise of the sleeve for 6% rise in
speed is 8mm. Find the initial thrust on the spring and its stiffness.

VIBRATIONS
1. Define vibrations and give the brief classification of the same.

2. Differentiate between deterministic and random vibrations, linear and non linear vibrations.

3. Explain following: i) Causes of vibrations ii) resonance iii) DOF

4. A harmonic motion has amplitude of 0.05m and a frequency of 25 Hz. Find the time period,
maximum velocity and maximum acceleration.

5. An instrument has a natural frequency of 10 Hz. It can stand a maximum acceleration of 10m/sec².
Find the maximum displacement amplitude.

6. Split up the harmonic motion 8sin (t + (/4) into harmonic motions one of which has amplitude
of 10 and phase difference zero.

7. Add the following motions analytically and check the solution graphically.

X1 = 2 cos (t + 0.5), X2 = 2 sin (t + 1.0).

8. Explain Free and Forced vibration with Examples.

9. Explain Simple Harmonic motion with neat sketch.

10. Explain principle of super position applied to Simple Harmonic Motions.

11. Why it is important to find the natural frequency of vibrating system?

12. Determine natural frequency of a simple spring-mass system by – i) Newton’s Method ii) Energy
Method iii) Rayleigh method.\

13. Determine the natural frequency of the spring-mass system, taking mass of the spring into account.

14. Determine the natural frequency of a compound pendulum.

15. Determine the natural frequency of a torsional system.

16. Determine the natural frequency of a simple pendulum (i) Neglecting mass of the rod
(ii) Considering mass of the rod.

17. Explain stiffness of spring elements i) series and ii) parallel arrangement.
18. Determine the natural frequency of the system shown in figure by Energy and Newton's method.
19. Determine the natural frequency of the system shown in figure by Energy and Newton's method.
Assume the cylinder rolls on the surface without slipping.

20. Determine the natural frequency of the system shown in figure by Energy and Newton's method.

21. Determine the natural frequency of the system shown in figure by Energy and Newton's method.
Assume the cylinder rolls on the surface without slipping.
22. A cylinder of Mean ‘M’ and radius ‘r’ rolls without slipping on a cylindrical surface of radius ‘R’ as
shown in fig. find the natural frequency of small oscillations about the lowest point.

23. Determine the natural frequency of the system shown in fig: where the mass less rigid bar is hinged
at ‘O’

24. A spring mass as stiffness of 1 k N/m and mass of m kg. it has natural frequency of vibration of
12Hz. An extra 2kg mass is coupled to M and natural frequency is reduces by 2 Hz. Find k and M.
25. Determine the natural frequency of the system for the following