Scanning Probe Acceleration Microscopy:

Towards Real Time Reconstruction of Tip-Sample Forces in Tapping Mode AFM

Tomek Kowalewski

Department of Chemistry

Carnegie Mellon University

PNAS, (2006), 103, 4813-4818

Appl.Phys.Lett., (2005), 87, 163120/1-163120/3
Acknowledgements:

Justin Legleiter

Brian Cusick

Matthew Park

Funding:
NSF: CTS-0304568, DMR-9974457
E = 109 Pa
E = 108 Pa
E = 107 Pa
Plotting tapping force vs. cantilever deflection reveals that each tapping
event resembles closely the contact mode force curve.
The slope of these “mini force curves” depends in a familiar way on teh
sample stiffness and dictates the width of the tapping pulse
 Towards direct reconstruction of tip-sample force from
cantilever trajectory
Scanning Probe Acceleration Microscopy

z + bz& + k [ z − Do − a0 sin(2π f op t )] = Ftip − sample

meff &&

Cantilever
acceleration
1
z=
&& [ Ftip − sample − bz& − kz + k ( Do − a0 sin(2π f op t ))]
meff
These terms vary as exp( i ωop t)
Tapping
force pulse

PNAS, (2006), 103, 4813-4818

S:N = 105
S:N = 104
S:N = 103
S:N = 103
 Harmonic Comb Filtering

⎡ N
⎤
yrec (t ) = ℑ ⎢ y (ω )∑ δ (ω − kωoper ) ⎥
−1

⎣ k =1 ⎦

PNAS, (2006), 103, 4813-4818

 −1 ⎡ ⎤
N
yrec (t ) = ℑ ⎢
⎣
y (ω ) ∑
k =1
δ (ω − k ω oper ) ⎥
⎦
 Key To Modeling “Fluid Tapping” : LOW Q!

mω o
Q=
b
Ao
Q=
ao

z + bz& + k [ z − D0 − a0 sin(ω0t )] = Fext

meff &&
where
Fext = − HRtip / 6 z 2
for z > aDMT

Fext = 4 /(3πκ eff ) R tip ( a DMT − z ) 3 / 2 − HR tip / 6 a DMT

2
for z < aDMT
 Simulated fluid tapping cantilever position

Appl.Phys.Lett., (2005), 87, 163120/1-163120/3

Fluid tapping cantilever trajectories
 Simulated fluid tapping cantilever position

Appl.Phys.Lett., (2005), 87, 163120/1-163120/3

 Recall that optical lever measures cantilever deflection –
not position!

y = z − D0 + a0 sin(ω t )
Appl.Phys.Lett., (2005), 87, 163120/1-163120/3
 Fluid Tapping Force-Curve
Experiment Simulation

Appl.Phys.Lett., (2005), 87, 163120/1-163120/3

 SPAM under water

PNAS, (2006), 103, 4813-4818

PNAS, (2006), 103, 4813-4818
 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤
&y& = ⎢ Fext − b &
y − ky + m eff ω 2
a 0 [sin(ω t ) + cos(ω t )]⎥
meff ⎣ Q ⎦
PNAS, (2006), 103, 4813-4818
 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤
&y& = ⎢ Fext − b &
y − ky + m eff ω 2
a 0 [sin(ω t ) + cos(ω t )]⎥
meff ⎣ Q ⎦
 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤
&y& = ⎢ Fext − b &
y − ky + m eff ω 2
a 0 [sin(ω t ) + cos(ω t )]⎥
meff ⎣ Q ⎦
 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤
&y& = ⎢ Fext − b &
y − ky + m eff ω 2
a 0 [sin(ω t ) + cos(ω t )]⎥
meff ⎣ Q ⎦
The effect of noise
 Harmonic Comb Filter

⎡ N
⎤
yrec (t ) = ℑ ⎢ y (ω )∑ δ (ω − kωoper ) ⎥
−1

⎣ k =1 ⎦
 Sliding window Fourier transform

PNAS, (2006), 103, 4813-4818

 Sliding window Fourier transform

PNAS, (2006), 103, 4813-4818

Sliding window Fourier transform
 Calibration curve

PNAS, (2006), 103, 4813-4818

Total brain lipid extract bilayers
PNAS, (2006), 103, 4813-4818
PNAS, (2006), 103, 4813-4818
Conclusions: