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Jean-Pierre Aimé
jp.aime@cpmoh.u-bordeaux1.fr
Interaction
• Attractive interaction: van der Waals
• Repulsive interaction: (compression) / bending
• Boundary conditions : sticked (clamped) / non sticked (sliding)
Geometry effects:
• kbending k~r4L-3
• kcompression~ 103kbending
Approach:
Compressive part
tube bending F Start to touch
Elastic bending
∆
k NT ≈ Eπ r L
4 3 D
Extension phase
10
0,16
2. Intermittent
0,12 contact Contact
permanent
0,08
non contact
contact
0,04 intermittent
3. Permanent
0 Contact
0 50 100 150 200
Damping (V) Piezo displacement (nm)
Nanotube mechanical cycle
F
Adhesion force gives constant area
1
∆ 〈 E diss
int
〉T ≈ k adh Δ2 = cste
D 2
〈 E diss
int
〉 T = πγ int ωA 2
2
γ /γ *A
in t 0 2
6 γ /γ *A
in t 0
6 A=87nm
A=25nm
5 A=50nm
A=75nm 5
MWNT A=116nm
A=100nm A=145nm
4 A=174nm
4
3 SWNT
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
-1
-1
-1,5 -1 -0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2
Z/A -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
Z/A
SWNT vs MWNT
Δf (Hz)
300
SWNT(A=50nm)
250 MWNT (A=58nm)
200
150
Δf
100
MWNT : typ. 200 Hz
50
SWNT : typ. 20 Hz
0
-50
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Z/A
Elastic contribution
(ω 2
− ω 02 )= k (NT
d 1 − d 2 − cos −1 (d ) ) d=Z/A
ω 2
0 πk c
600
450 k N T = 0 .0 5 6 N m
-1
300
Δf (Hz)
150
-1
k N T = 0 .0 4 N m
kNT = -1 .0 -0 .5 0 .0
d
0 .5 1 .0 1 .5
0.048 Nm-1
F Adhesion Contribution
∆ Δω ⎡τ res +τ Δ ⎛z ⎞ ⎤
⎢ ∫ k adh ⎜ − cos(ωt )⎟ cos(ωt )dt ⎥
D 1
=−
ω0 k cT ⎢⎣ τ res ⎝A ⎠ ⎥⎦
E
dis = 1.5 10-17 J
A=58nm A = 116 nm ; Δ = 75 nm
-2
250 A=87nm 200 k = 3.9*10 N.m-1
A=116nm
A=145nm
∆ MWN T
-2 -1
200 k = 9.3*10 N.m
A=174nm 150 adh
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
-50 -50
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Z/A
Z/A
0.001
-3 -1
k = 1.2*10 N.m
SWNT
1
0.0001 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0 50 100 150 200
A (nm)
A (nm)
Energy loss
MWNT : 1.5*10-16J
kMWNT ≈ 30 kSWNT
SWNT : 1.5*10-17J
Summary
CNT Adhesion / elasticity
SWNT:
- adhesion governs CNT-Surface interaction,
- strong modification may occur due to change of contact area between
SWNT and surface
MWNT:
-Mixing of the rwo (adhesion and elasticity) strongly dependant on tube diameter.
• Q>>Qwater
• Φ interface
• Nanometer scale Wetting deWetting
processes
• Dynamical stability attoliter
• No- substrat
• Weak perturbation for Membranes
and proteins
Dynamical behavior of NanoMeniscus
km
γ γ
km ≈ π sin θ cos θ ≈ π
2
θ2 = 10-2 Nm-1
log ( δ R ) log ( δ R )
π γ 1 madded
Δν ≈ ν 0 sin θ cos θ − ν 0
2
2 k ln (δ R ) 2 m*
Δv γ f dis ≈ η
v
≈ θ d2
ν0 k θd
Glycerol
Water
η=1.485 Pa.s
η=1.10−3 Pa.s
γ=63.4mN/m²
γ=72.8mN/m²
ρ=1260g/Lm
ρ=1000g/L
Oscillating at the air-liquid interface
Nano-Meniscus
Glycerol
C. Jai et al
γφ
f el = γφ ( cos θ e − cos θ d ) ≈ ( ) =
v
θ 2
−θ 2
η ≈ f dis
2
d e
θd
Θe
Δν
V
Θd
Θd fdissipation
v −⎛ − 2
⎞
= θ d ⎜1 − θ d ⎟
vc ⎝ ⎠
Meniscus Dynamical Shape
v fdissipation
Θe
Θ
d Δν
v − ⎛ −2 ⎞
= θ d ⎜1 − θ d ⎟
Critical velocity vc : v > vc complete wetting of the nanoneedle
vc ⎝ ⎠
IMAGING air-LIQUID interface
Evaporation and ultra thin meniscus
WATER
Water
Viscosity very low, dynamical effect small
Δν ≈ θ 2
to zero
Θ(nΔτ) « Infinite »
1
f dis ≈
θ
fdissipation
until it breaks
Δν
to zero
Relationship between nanomeniscus shape and dissipation
≈θ2
γ int ≈ −
( R ) φ Δν +
2k ln δ 1 γφ 2
θe
ω2 A 2 Aω
air glycerol interface