SWMS by RAJAT KUMAR

Project Report
on
Waste Management System Using Vehicle Tracking
System
Submitted to
Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad
(B.Tech Information Technology Sem 8th , 2019-20)

(RIT-852)
Submitted To: - Submitted By:-

Dr. Ruchi Gupta Priyanka Sharma (1602713078)
Rajat Kumar (1602713084)
Sherya Raghav (1602713096)
A Project on
Waste Management System Using Vehicle Tracking

System
Submitted for fulfillment of award of
Bachelor of Technology
In
Information Technology
By
Priyanka Sharma
Rajat Kumar
Sherya Raghav
Under the Guidance of
Asst. Prof. Dr. Sushil Kumar
AJAY KUMAR GARG ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD

YEAR: 2018-2019
AJAY KUMAR GARG ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
GHAZIABAD
CERTIFICATE
Certified that “Priyanka Sharma , Rajat Kumar , Sherya Raghav” have

carried out the Project work entitled “Waste Management System Using
Vehicle Tracking System” for the award of Bachelor of Technology from Ajay
Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad under our supervision.
To the best of our knowledge, this work has not been submitted earlier to any
university for the award of any degree.
Dr. Sushil Kumar Dr. Anu Chaudhary

IT Department Head of Department
Project Guide Information Technology
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to all the people who have contributed towards the successful
completion of our project.
We would like to extend our heartfelt thanks to the Head of Information Technology Department Dr. Anu
Chaudhary, for nurturing a congenial yet competitive environment in the department, which motivates all the
students to pursue higher goals.
We want to express our special gratitude to our guide “Dr.Sushil Kumar, IT Department ”, Department of
Information Technology, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College, Ghaziabad for his/her constant support,
guidance, encouragement and much needed motivation. His/Her sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance has
been a constant source of inspiration for us.
Last but not the least, we would like to extend our thanks to all the teaching and non teaching staff members of our
department, and to all our colleagues who helped us in completion of the project.
1. Priyanka Sharma
2. Rajat Kumar
3. Sherya Raghav
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the “Waste Management System Using Vehicle Tracking System” submitted to the
department of Information technology, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College Ghaziabad is a record of an
original work done by us under the guidance of “Dr.Sushil Kumar, IT Department” Department of Information
Technology, Ajay Kumar Garg Engineering College Ghaziabad and this project work is submitted as a part of
fulfillment of award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology under AKTU.
Name and Signature of Students:
1. Priyanka Sharma (signature)
1602713078
2. Rajat Kumar (signature)
1602713084
3. Sherya Raghav (signature)
1602713096
Date:
Place: Ghaziabad (U.P.)

ABSTRACT
Solid waste management is one among the basic essential services provided by municipal authorities in the
country to keep urban centers clean. However, it is among the most poorly rendered services in the basket. The
systems applied are unscientific, outdated and inefficient ; population coverage is low ; and the poor are
marginalized. Waste is littered all over leading to insanitary living conditions. Municipal laws governing the urban
local bodies do not have adequate provisions to deal effectively with the ever- growing problem of solid waste
management. With rapid urbanization, the situation is becoming critical. The urban population has grown fivefold
in the last six decades with 285.35 million people living in urban areas as per the 2001 Census. The aim of this
project is to provide an efficient and cost-effective waste collection management system hence providing clean,
healthy and green environment. This study proposed a new framework that enables remote monitoring of solid
waste bin in real-time via Wi-Fi connection, to assist the waste management activity. The system framework is
based on wireless sensor network [WSN] contains three segments: renewable energy source, WSN and control
station. Within this framework there are four developed subsystems: solar power system, smart waste bin, short
messaging service [SMS] notification system and real-time monitoring system that are interrelated to each other to
perform as an efficient, cost-effective waste management system that yield to a green and healthy living
environment.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Declaration
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Abstract
Chapter 1 : Introduction
1.1Introduction
1.2Problem Statement
1.3Project Idea
Chapter 2: Requirement Analysis & Feasibility Study
Chapter 3: System Analysis and Design
Chapter 4: Coding and Testing
Chapter 5: Implementation
Chapter 6: Maintenance features
Chapter 7: Advantages and Limitations of the Developed System
Chapter 8: Conclusion and Suggestions for further work.
References
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1Introduction
Today Indian government is very actively promoting Swachh Bharat Abhiyan but managing the increasing solid
waste has been the biggest concern for Municipal authorities. This solid waste is creating serious health issues and
also disturbing the balance of the environment. The traditional way of managing and monitoring the waste
collection from bin to bin and doing everything manually is a very complicated and tough process and here
probability of getting wrong information is more. Thus, the need of a robust solid waste management
system arises, where an authority can get information right from filling of garbage bins, picking up of bins by the
waste collecting vehicles and movement of those vehicles to the waste dumping sites.
The top ten solid waste management companies ranking remained the same from 2009, and all of those firms
posted revenue increases from the previous year. And, looking farther down the list, the rankings are populated
with companies that did the same work.
Now a days Internet of things and its applications have become an essential way part of today human life. . It has
turned into a fundamental tool in each angle. Regularly, the metropolitan or corporation specialists keep up clean
garbage bins at particular places in the local zones where the occupants are told to arrange their family wastage. In
spite of the fact that the specialists are told to gather up the wastage inside a particular day , they wind up clearing
them following few days when, the dustbins begin once again flooding and noticing. Along these lines, corruption
of the waste likewise causes bacterial and infections to develop, accordingly influencing the general good health.
For the reason strong waste administration happens by observing the step by step accumulation and transfer
prepare with IoT based system proposed. In this paper the everyday observing of waste gathering process utilizing
android application is created. This paper exhibits a vigorous method for dealing with the waste, help in
diminishing time taken to gather and arrange strong waste. The essential objective of strong waste administration
is decreasing and taking out unfavorable effects of waste materials on human good health and condition to bolster
financial improvement and good personal satisfaction.
Solid waste is an enhancing issue that impact due to rapidly of increasing urbanization and economic development
witnessed by the amount of municipal solid waste. Most of the local governments and urban agencies identified
that the solid waste is a major problem worldwide. Specially, in the developing countries, waste monitoring and
management is becoming an acute problem for their urbanization and economic development (Shekdar, 2009).
Without an effective and efficient solid-waste management program, the waste
generated from various human activities, both industrial and domestic, can result in health hazards and have a
negative impact on the environment. The ways in which humans have generated solid waste management over the
centuries still bases much on original strategies to dispose of waste. Landfills, incineration and environmental
dumping have been primary methods to get solid waste out of view. These methods create further impacts if not
properly monitored, and have severe repercussions for life on Earth. Population growth continually creates more
waste producers; therefore waste must be reduced on a personal basis to maintain the balance of which waste is
currently managed .
1.2 Problem Statement
In past 25 years population pressure, urbanization, industrialization and mechanized agricultural activities have
increased, due to which organic waste materials have been accumulated in the environment as solid organic wastes
(SOWs). Waste disposal is one of the major problems being faced by all nations across the globe. The problem has
further increased in cities because of shortage of dumping sites and strict environmental legislation. The daily per
capita solid waste generated in India ranges about 100 g in small towns to 500 g in large town. Out of the total
pollution contributed by industrial sub sectors, 40- 45% of the total pollutants can be traced to the processing of
industrial chemicals and nearly 40% of the total organic pollution to the food products industry alone.
Food products and agro based industries together contribute 65-70% of the total industrial wastes in terms of
organic load. India produces about 7000 million metric tons of solid wastes/Year which contributes 70-80%
organic wastes and the approximated cost of waste is 32000 crore. In India 9 million tons/day (Bakthavatsalam,
1999) sugarcane wastes are generated with no dearth of manpower. Pressmud, bagasse and trash are commonly
known as the important wastes of the sugarcane. Sugarcane pressmud and bagasse are soft, spongyamorphous and
dark brown to brownish white material containing sugar, fiber coagulated colloids including cane wax,
albuminoids, inorganic salts and soil particles. Sugarcane bagasse- the residue left after juice extraction is a waste
available in abundance. Trash- the residue left on field after sugarcane harvesting.
Due to lack of proper management techniques over 50 2 tons of sugar cane waste each day been damped along
roadsides or railway tracks or stored in the sugar mill premises and burned to an open field (Parthasarthi, 2006).
This creates pollution to the environment and increase temperature level of the surrounding villages and so on. The
potential energy value of these waste materials has traditionally been ignored by policy-makers and masses in
developing countries. On one hand tropical soils are deficient in all necessary plant nutrients and on the other hand
large quantities of such nutrients available in sugarcane wastes.
1.3 Project Idea
For making smart cities Municipal corporations needs a smart solution also. We has developed an advanced smart
system wherein with the help of GPS,RFID Readers and RFID tags remote monitoring of whole waste collection
process can be done. The waste collection vehicles will be fitted with GPS devices and RFID readers. All the bins
will be RFID tags fitted.
Chapter 2
Requirements Analysis and Feasibility Study
2.1 Requirements Analysis
GIS Data Capturing:

A team of field engineers capture bin locations and route data with the help of handheld GPS devices. This data is
displayed on the maps.
GPS Installation:
All the vehicles and machines involved in waste collection process are fitted with high quality GPS devices. These
vehicles are then assigned the wards and routes they are supposed to serve.
Waste collection Vehicle
RFID Reader installations and Bin Tagging:

All the waste collecting vehicles are fitted with RFID readers as shown in the image below . Also the bins are
tagged with RFID tags and their geo-location in different ward are added into the System .
RFID fitted vehice

RFID tag fitted Bin RFID fitted vehicle reading the
RFID tag of the bin
Web Interface:
Highly scalable and secure application to monitor all the on field activity of Solid Waste Management.
Vehicle Map View

2.2 Key Challenges and Approach for addressing Scalability, Availability, Performance and Manageability
Reliability – system behaviour on malfunctioning such as an application crashed. Solution would be implemented
with clustering technology to ensure the system reliability. Portal server and Integration server are clustered at
application level and database server is clustered at Operating System level.
Availability – system behaviour in the failure of CPU, memory, applications. Availability is ensured by system
level redundancy including the communication network.
Scalability – system behaviour in the case of functional or user base expansion. Servers that run enterprise
applications scale up or scale out depending on future requirements by CPU or Memory or add-on servers using
clusters technology. The recommended products are proven in the field to scale well in order to meet large
enterprise requirements. Key components such as personal computers, servers, application servers and network are
of modular design to ensure scalability of the system. System integration infrastructure in the data center is not
message-centric so integration scalability is non-issue in this case. Major scalability is required only for
application and database servers.
Maintainability - system support to self-heal, etc. The products are considered for system & network
management, which are well known for providing maintainability of the systems by configuring automatic scripts.
Manageability – system support to reduce manpower & operation cost. Again, The management products serve the
system and network administration requirements through central monitoring and management of entire IT system.
This will ensure to keep the operation cost low.
Security – system support to protect the system from vulnerable security holes and hackers. Demilitarized zone
prohibits any security attack on the system. VPN services ensure secured tunnel for external communications with
partners. RFID card security with encryption of keys will be introduced.
User-friendliness- Intuitive system design features of the application will enhance the customer stickiness service.
The design will include advance graphic and plug & play modular display objects.
Chapter III: System Analysis and Design
3.1 System Analysis
A. Smart Garbage Bin System
The application of “garbage Bin” is used in manages the garbage collection system of a whole city. The Ultrasonic
sensors will enables the smart garbage bins which is connects to the cellular network (GSM) that which will
generates a large amount of data, it will monitor the total system of smart bins if the bin was about to fill then it
will intimated by the message which is coming from the GSM module we will monitor garbage around the city.
The architecture of smart garbage bin implementation system as shown below figure.
Vehicle Tracking and Monitering System
The framework can be mounted or fitted in your vehicle in a covered up or appropriate compartment. After this
establishment, we can track your vehicle easily utilizing your cell phone by dialing the portable number of the SIM
joined to the GSM modem. We will naturally get the area of the vehicle as a SMS (short message) on your cell
phone. This framework permits you to track your
vehicle whenever and anyplace. Fig. 2 demonstrates the circuit of a GPS-and GSM-based vehicle following
framework. Itcomprises of a microcontroller, GPS module, and GSM modem and 9V DC control supply. GPS
module gets the area data from satellites as scope and longitude. The microcontroller forms this data and sends it
to the GSM modem. The GSM modem then sends the data to the proprietor's cell phone. GPS is a space-based
satellite route framework. It gives area and time data in every climate condition, anyplace on or close to the Earth.
GPS receives are utilized for route, positioning of the location, time spread the resource purposes.
B. Hardware Spcifications
1) Raspberry Pi Board: Raspberry pi is an open-source physical platform based on microcontroller board. It

was originally designed for the education purpose. The goal is to create low – cost device which will
improve the programming skills and the hardware understanding of the level. The Raspberry pi is small
minicomputer which it is compactable for the Linux environment at low power consumption
microcontroller.
a) The processor which is used in this raspberry pi is “Broadcom BCM2835” which is equivalent to the first
generation of the Smartphone.
b) The Raspberry pi 2 model which the processor will use “Broadcom BCM2836” with the 900 MHz 32-bit
core processor.
c) The Raspberry pi 3 model which the processor will use “Broadcom BCM2837” with the 1.2 GHz 64-bit
quad core processor. With the 512 MB of cache of shared.
d) in this project I am using Raspberry Pi 3 model for developing smart Garbage collection.
C. Features of Raspberry Pi Board
1) CPU: Quad-core 64 - bit ARM Cortex xs A53 clocked at 1.2 GHz

2) GPU: 400MHz VideoCore IV multimedia
3) Memory: 1GB LPDDR2-900 SDRAM (i.e. 900MHz)
4) USB Ports: 4
5) Video Outputs: HDMI, composite video (PAL and NTSC) via 3.5 mm jack
6) Network: 10/100Mbps Ethernet and 802.11n Wireless LAN
7) Peripherals: 17 GPIO plus specific functions, and HAT ID bus
8) Bluetooth: 4.1
9) Power Source: 5 V via Micro USB or GPIO header
10) Size: 85.60mm × 56.5mm
11) EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)
12) Clock Speed: 16 MHz
D. Ultrasonic Sensor
Ultrasonic distance sensors use a sound transmitter and a receiver. An ultrasonic distance sensor creates an
ultrasonic pulse, often called a "ping", and then listens for reflections (echo) of the pulse. Ultrasonic ranging
module provides 2cm – 400cm non-contact measurement function, the ranging accuracy can reach to 3mm. The
module includes ultrasonic transmitters, receivers and control unit. There are 4 pins out of the module VCC, Trig,
Echo, GND .So it's a very easy interface for controller to use it ranging. The all process is : pull the Trig pin to
high level for more than 10us impulse , the module start ranging ; finish ranging , If you find an object in front ,
Echo pin will be high level , and based on the different distance, it will take the different duration of high level. So
we can calculate the distance easily.
Distance = elapsed time x speed of sound/2

1) GSM/GPRS Module: Global system for mobile communication (GSM) and Global Packet Radio Service
(GPRS) is used to establish the communication between computer and GSM/GPRS module. GPRS is an
extension of GSM which provides higher data transmission rate. A GSM/GPRS module assembles a
GSM/GPRS modem with standard communication interfaces like RS-232 (Serial Port), USB etc., so that it
can be easily interfaced with a computer or a microprocessor microcontroller based system. It requires a
SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card just like mobile phones to activate communication with the
network. Also they have IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number similar to mobile phones
for their identification. A GSM/GPRS MODEM can perform the following operations:
a) Receive, send or delete SMS messages in a SIM.

b) Read, add, search phonebook entries of the SIM.
c) Make, Receive, or reject a voice call.
The MODEM needs AT commands, for interacting with processor or controller, which are communicated through
serial communication. These commands are sent by the controller/processor. The MODEM sends back a result
after it receives a command. Different AT commands supported by the MODEM can be sent by the
processor/controller/computer to interact with the GSM and GPRS cellular network.
E. GPS Module
Global position system (GPS) is used in vehicles for both navigation and tracking. Tracking systems enable a base
station to keep track of the vehicles without the intervention of the driver where, as navigation system helps the
driver to reach the destination. Whether navigation system or tracking system, the architecture is more or less
similar. When an accident occurred in any place then GPS system tracks the position of the vehicle and sends the
information to the particular person through GSM by alerting the person through SMS or by a call.
F. Radio-Frequency Identification Module (RFID)
RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technology that incorporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic
coupling in the radio frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object,
animal, or person. The advantage of
RFID is that it does not require direct contact or line-of-sight scanning. An RFID system consists of three
components: an antenna and transceiver (often combined into one reader) and a transponder (the tag). RFID reader
can pull information from a tag at distances up to 300 feet. RFID readers can interrogate, or read, RFID tags much
faster; read rates of forty or more tags per second are possible.
3.2 System Design
3.2.1 FLOWCHART OF SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Messaging system is the Data Transfer function, and it operates above the physical layer protocols. In the below
diagram, the sensor platform is a messaging client and acts as both for sending data and for receiving actuator
control commands. Depending on the actual sensor platform to be used e.g. Arduino, Rasperry Pi, or a PC, an
appropriate open-source implementation can be used. The storage systems and the analytics engine can be
interfaced with custom for receiving data from the sensor platforms and sending back actions (e.g., alarms, alerts)
to it. The sensor platforms, storage systems, and analytics engine can all be configured as response or subscribers
for device discovery, configuration, maintenance.
Vehicle Monitoring System
3.3 Snap shot with Details
The first screen of the Smart GCV Tracker app is the LOGIN SCREEN .
This is the screen which comes up when the app is opened .
It has various components in it as follows :
Name of the application on the top , Smart GCV Tracker

Login written below it which signifies that this is the login screen of the app from where login to the app can be
done .
To login the app 2 things are required , one is username , the other is password , both need to be entered correctly
to login to the app.
Then there is a button namely login below these , by clicking on it actually login can be done.
Also there is a button below it further namely Forget password , which can be used in case the admin forgets the
password , then various password recovery methods will take care of the further situation on some other screen .
Once login is done , the next screen that comes up is a menu actually which shows various tabs as follows :
Driver , Vehicle , Assign Router , Logs , Complaints .
Each of these tabs are clickable and takes to other screen where further information related to the tab clicked can
be displayed .
Driver : It has 3 columns , as S.No. , Name , Contact where sequence number , name of the driver and the
contact number of the driver will be displayed respectively.
Vehicle : It has 4 columns namely S.No. , Model , Vehicle No. ,chip where Sequence Number , Model of the
vehicle , its registration number , a unique chip no. assigned to that vehicle will be displayed .
Ex 1 , Tata 407 , DL 4C 1573 , chip no.

this shows the details of the vehicle .
Assign Routers : This usually keeps the record of routes being assigned to various vehicles in a tabular form
where names of the locality covered will be written below a particular vehicle’s registration number .
Logs : This tab has 5 columns , namely Sequence number , driver , vehicle , Area , Time , where driver name ,
vehicle number , name of the area covered by that particular vehicle , time at which that vehicles entered that area
will be displayed .
Complaints : This is one of the most important fields of the application which will be used to further improve
the app by taking the feedback of the residents , which has various columns like email id of the resident , Area of
the resident , status of complaint etc where status of all complaints can be seen .
Layouts
Fig 1. The login screen for Admin Fig 2. Side menu and sub sections
Fig 3. The driver details section

Fig 4. The Vehicle details sub section
Fig 5. Assigning Routes sub section

Fig 6. Logs sub section
Fig 7. The complaints section

The Resident App:
Fig 1. Resident Login Screen
Fig 2. Notification
Fig 3. Live location of driver
Fig 4. The Complaint Section

The Driver App:
Fig 1. Login Screen

Fig 2. Directions screen
Chapter IV: Coding and Testing
Adminhomepage
package com.example.myappexample;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.KeyEvent;
import android.view.View;
public class AdminHomePage extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_admin_home_page);
}
public void viewFeedback(View view) {

startActivity(new Intent(this, AdminViewFeedback.class));
}
public void viewHistory(View view) {

startActivity(new Intent(this, AdminViewHistory.class));
}
@Override
public boolean onKeyDown(int keyCode, KeyEvent event) {
if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_BACK) {
AlertDialog.Builder a = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
a.setTitle("Confirm Message");
a.setMessage("Do you want Logout ?");
a.setPositiveButton("Yes", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
Intent in = new Intent(AdminHomePage.this, Login.class);
startActivity(in);
finish();
}
});
a.setNegativeButton("No", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
dialog.dismiss();
}
});
a.show();
return true;
}
return super.onKeyDown(keyCode, event);
}
}
AdminLogin
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class AdminLogin extends AppCompatActivity {

private EditText temail, tpass;
@Override
setContentView(R.layout.activity_admin_login);
temail = findViewById(R.id.adminemail);
tpass = findViewById(R.id.adminpass);
}
public void backToLogin(View view) {

startActivity(new Intent(this, Login.class));
finish();
}
public void adminLogin(View view) {

//admin login code here
if (valid()) {
if (email.equals("Admin") && pass.equals("Admin")) {
startActivity(new Intent(this, AdminHomePage.class));
finish();
}else{
Toast.makeText(this, "Invalid email or password", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
private String email, pass;
private boolean valid() {

email = temail.getText().toString();
pass = tpass.getText().toString();
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(email)) {
temail.setError("please enter email");
temail.requestFocus();
return false;
} else if (TextUtils.isEmpty(pass)) {
tpass.setError("please enter password");
tpass.requestFocus();
return false;
} else {
return true;
}
}
}
Admin view feedback
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.DividerItemDecoration;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import com.google.firebase.database.DataSnapshot;
import com.google.firebase.database.DatabaseError;
import com.google.firebase.database.ValueEventListener;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class AdminViewFeedback extends AppCompatActivity {

RecyclerView rec;
MyApp myApp;
ArrayList<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
setContentView(R.layout.activity_admin_view_feedback);
setTitle("User List");
myApp = (MyApp) getApplication();
rec = findViewById(R.id.adminrec1);
rec.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
rec.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(this, DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL));
myApp.getMyDatabaseReference().addValueEventListener(new ValueEventListener() {
@Override
public void onDataChange(@NonNull DataSnapshot dataSnapshot) {
Iterable<DataSnapshot> ds = dataSnapshot.getChildren();
Iterator<DataSnapshot> it = ds.iterator();
list = new ArrayList<>();
while (it.hasNext()) {
DataSnapshot dd = it.next();
User user = dd.getValue(User.class);

user.setKey(dd.getKey());
list.add(user);
}
UserDataAdapter adapter = new UserDataAdapter(list);
adapter.setOnItemClickListener(new UserDataAdapter.ClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(int position, View v) {
User current = list.get(position);
Intent in=new Intent(AdminViewFeedback.this,SingleFeedback.class);
in.putExtra("user",current);
startActivity(in);
}
});
rec.setAdapter(adapter);
}
@Override
public void onCancelled(@NonNull DatabaseError databaseError) {
}
});
}
}
AdminViewHistory
public class AdminViewHistory extends AppCompatActivity {
RecyclerView rec;
MyApp myApp;
@Override
setContentView(R.layout.activity_admin_view_history);
setTitle("User List");
myApp = (MyApp) getApplication();
rec = findViewById(R.id.adminrec);
rec.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
rec.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(this, DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL));
@Override

list.add(user);
}
UserDataAdapter adapter = new UserDataAdapter(list);
@Override
User current = list.get(position);
Intent in=new Intent(AdminViewHistory.this,SingleHistory.class);
in.putExtra("user",current);
startActivity(in);
}
});
rec.setAdapter(adapter);
}
@Override
}
});
}
}
CurrentLocation
import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
import android.app.Service;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.IBinder;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
public class CurrentLocation extends Service implements LocationListener {
LocationManager locationManager;
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
}
@SuppressLint("MissingPermission")
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(LOCATION_SERVICE);
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 60000, 0, this);
locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, 60000, 0, this);
}
@Override
public void onLocationChanged(Location location) {
double lat=location.getLatitude();
double lon=location.getLongitude();
Intent in=new Intent();
in.putExtra("lat",lat+"");
in.putExtra("lon",lon+"");
in.setAction("com.example.myappexample.DEEP");
sendBroadcast(in);
}
@Override
public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {
@Override
public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {
@Override
public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) {
}
}
Feedback
public class Feedback {

private String sender;
private String receiver;
private String subject;
private String message;
private String dates;
public String getSender() {

return sender;
}
public void setSender(String sender) {

this.sender = sender;
}
public String getReceiver() {

return receiver;
}
public void setReceiver(String receiver) {

this.receiver = receiver;
}
public String getSubject() {

return subject;
}
public void setSubject(String subject) {

this.subject = subject;
}
public String getMessage() {

return message;
}
public void setMessage(String message) {

this.message = message;
}
public String getDates() {

return dates;
}
public void setDates(String dates) {

this.dates = dates;
}
}
Feedbackadapter
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
import java.util.List;
public class FeedbackAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FeedbackAdapter.MyView> {
private List<Feedback> list;
public FeedbackAdapter(List<Feedback> list) {

this.list = list;
}
@NonNull
@Override
public MyView onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.feedback_item, parent, false);
return new MyView(view);
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull MyView holder, int position) {
Feedback feed = list.get(position);
holder.tsender.setText(feed.getSender());
holder.tsubject.setText(feed.getSubject());
holder.tdate.setText(feed.getDates());
holder.tmessage.setText(feed.getMessage());
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return list.size();
}
class MyView extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {

TextView tsender, tsubject,tdate,tmessage;
public MyView(@NonNull View itemView) {

super(itemView);
tsender = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tsenderemail);
tsubject = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tsubject);
tdate = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tdate);
tmessage = itemView.findViewById(R.id.tmessage);
}
}
History
public class History {

private String email;
private String date;
private String lat;
private String lon;
public String getEmail() {

return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {

this.email = email;
}
public String getDate() {

return date;
}
public void setDate(String date) {

this.date = date;
}
public String getLat() {

return lat;
}
public void setLat(String lat) {

this.lat = lat;
}
public String getLon() {

return lon;
}
public void setLon(String lon) {

this.lon = lon;
}
}
These all are the classes that we are using for creating application
User Interface
 Gallery
 Home
 Slide show
Gallery fragment
package com.example.myappexample.ui.gallery;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.lifecycle.LifecycleOwner;
import androidx.lifecycle.Observer;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProviders;
import androidx.navigation.NavController;
import androidx.navigation.Navigation;
import com.example.myappexample.HomePage;
import com.example.myappexample.Login;
import com.example.myappexample.MyApp;
import com.example.myappexample.R;
import com.example.myappexample.User;
import com.example.myappexample.UserDataAdapter;
import com.google.firebase.auth.FirebaseAuth;
import com.google.firebase.auth.FirebaseUser;
public class GalleryFragment extends Fragment {

MyApp myApp;
private GalleryViewModel galleryViewModel;
RecyclerView recyclerView;
FirebaseUser currentuser;
public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater,

ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_gallery, container, false);
myApp = (MyApp) getActivity().getApplication();
currentuser = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getCurrentUser();
recyclerView = root.findViewById(R.id.rec);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(getActivity()));
recyclerView.addItemDecoration(new DividerItemDecoration(getActivity(),
DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL));
ViewModelProviders.of(requireActivity()).get(GalleryViewModel.class).getUserMutableLiveData().observe(
requireActivity(), new Observer<ArrayList<User>>() {
@Override
public void onChanged(ArrayList<User> users) {
@Override
//Toast.makeText(myApp, ""+dd.getKey(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
list.add(user);
}
UserDataAdapter adapter=new UserDataAdapter(list);
@Override
User current=list.get(position);
if(!current.getEmail().equals(currentuser.getEmail())) {
NavController navController = Navigation.findNavController(v);
Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
bundle.putSerializable("user", current);
navController.navigate(R.id.action_nav_gallery_to_nav_slideshow, bundle);
}else{
Toast.makeText(myApp, "You can't trace your location", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
});
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
@Override
}
});
}
});
return root;
}
}
Gallery View model
package com.example.myappexample.ui.gallery;
import android.content.Context;
import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;
import com.example.myappexample.MyApp;
import com.example.myappexample.User;
import com.google.firebase.database.FirebaseDatabase;
public class GalleryViewModel extends ViewModel {
MutableLiveData<ArrayList<User>> userLiveData;
ArrayList<User> userArrayList;
public GalleryViewModel() {
userLiveData = new MutableLiveData<>();
init();
}
public MutableLiveData<ArrayList<User>> getUserMutableLiveData() {

return userLiveData;
}
public void init() {

// populateList();
userLiveData.setValue(userArrayList);
}
public void populateList() {

User user = new User();
user.setEmail("deepsingh44@gmail.com");
userArrayList = new ArrayList<>();

userArrayList.add(user);
}
}
Home fragment
package com.example.myappexample.ui.home;
import android.util.Log;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.lifecycle.Observer;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProviders;
import com.daimajia.slider.library.Animations.DescriptionAnimation;
import com.daimajia.slider.library.SliderLayout;
import com.daimajia.slider.library.SliderTypes.BaseSliderView;
import com.daimajia.slider.library.SliderTypes.TextSliderView;
import com.daimajia.slider.library.Tricks.ViewPagerEx;
import com.example.myappexample.R;
import java.util.HashMap;
public class HomeFragment extends Fragment implements BaseSliderView.OnSliderClickListener,
ViewPagerEx.OnPageChangeListener{
private HomeViewModel homeViewModel;

SliderLayout sliderLayout;
HashMap<String, Integer> Hash_file_maps;
public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater,
ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
homeViewModel =
ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(HomeViewModel.class);
View root = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false);
return root;
}
@Override
public void onStop() {
super.onStop();
sliderLayout.stopAutoCycle();
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
super.onStart();
sliderLayout.startAutoCycle();
}
@Override
public void onViewCreated(@NonNull View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
sliderLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.slider);
Hash_file_maps = new HashMap();
mySliderImages();
}
private void mySliderImages() {
Hash_file_maps.put("Always check your area around", R.drawable.slideb);
Hash_file_maps.put("There must not be litter on the ground", R.drawable.slidec);
Hash_file_maps.put("Keep Country clean to make it disease free", R.drawable.slided);
Hash_file_maps.put("Come, join and pledge together to clean India", R.drawable.slidee);
Hash_file_maps.put("Cleanliness is the only solution to stay away of diseases", R.drawable.slidef);
for (String name : Hash_file_maps.keySet()) {
TextSliderView textSliderView = new TextSliderView(getActivity());

textSliderView
.description(name)
.image(Hash_file_maps.get(name))
.setScaleType(BaseSliderView.ScaleType.Fit)
.setOnSliderClickListener(this);
textSliderView.bundle(new Bundle());
textSliderView.getBundle()
.putString("extra", name);
sliderLayout.addSlider(textSliderView);
}
sliderLayout.setPresetTransformer(SliderLayout.Transformer.Accordion);
sliderLayout.setPresetIndicator(SliderLayout.PresetIndicators.Center_Bottom);
sliderLayout.setCustomAnimation(new DescriptionAnimation());
sliderLayout.setDuration(3000);
sliderLayout.addOnPageChangeListener(this);
@Override
public void onSliderClick(BaseSliderView slider) {
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), slider.getBundle().get("extra") + "", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
@Override
public void onPageScrolled(int position, float positionOffset, int positionOffsetPixels) {
@Override
public void onPageSelected(int position) {
Log.d("Slider Demo", "Page Changed: " + position);
}
@Override
public void onPageScrollStateChanged(int state) {
}
}
Home View model
package com.example.myappexample.ui.home;
import androidx.lifecycle.LiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.MutableLiveData;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModel;
public class HomeViewModel extends ViewModel {
private MutableLiveData<String> mText;
public HomeViewModel() {
mText = new MutableLiveData<>();
mText.setValue("This is home fragment");
}
public LiveData<String> getText() {

return mText;
}
}
Chapter VII: Advantages and Limitations of Developed System
Monitor your WorkForce and track your vehicles constantly
Features
 Real-time tracking
Would be able to track all waste management vehicles on the map 24/7 route coverage we can check route
covered by a vehicle and see any vehicles route history.
 Stoppage tracking
Check the number of stoppages taken by a vehicle where the stoppage happened and for how long vehicle
was stopped at these locations .
 Ward assignment
We can assign ward’s or zones to be served by a vehicle after signing ward’s to a vehicle we can then
check whether that vehicle is serving the planned or an unplanned ward.
 Ward History
Ward wise history where we can check how many vehicles have served a particular ward and on what date.
 Ward tracking
We can track vehicles through their respective ward numbers and the numbers of vehicles serving a
particular ward.
 Trips tracking
Check the number of times a a vehicle has gone to clean a route on a particular day .
 Dustbin tracking
We can locate the dustbins on the map see which dustbin has been paid or cleaned by which vehicle at
what time and how many times in a day .
 Active and inactive vehicles

Check how many vehicles are active or inactive on the current day or on a particular day .
 Driver mobile app

Our mobile app interface is specially designed for tracking user dustbins.
 Supervisor mobile app

Can cross examine a location or dustbins and can even give their comments whether it was cleaned or not .
 Attendance management
The tracking application can be connected with biometric devices we can also check the attendance of
the staff , drivers or any other helpers online 24/7
Reports downloading
All the reports can be downloaded
Benefits:
Most Important benefits will be:
 Live status update of all cleaning vehicles on Map

 Actual status of Bins collected across the city
 Better utilization of the resources
 Cleaner and better city
Chapter VIII: Conclusion and Suggestions for further work
8.1 Conclusion
This presents a robust way of managing the waste, so that not only the whole process becomes efficient, but also,
the disposal of waste is done in a productive way. Besides, food industry, healthcare, tourism, and other such
departments can take benefit from the available resources related with waste management, with the proposed
cloud-based waste management, a smarter way of handling and disposal of waste is created. This paper also
presents a localization system, which is able to track the localization is equipped with GPS and GSM devices. The
client/owner can easily monitor the current location of the vehicle at any time. Web application is the proposed
system for live monitoring of the vehicle and solid waste collection process. This model can be used for effective
management of solid waste collection and disposal, and help in reducing time taken to collect and dispose solid
waste.
As the main aim of this work is the application of an operational and monitoring waste collection. Future work
will focus on the enhancement of the proposed approach and geo tagging of smart bins for shortest route technique
for vehicles using optimization
algorithms for efficient collection of solid waste management.
8.2 FUTURE WORK
There are several future works and improvements for the proposed system,
1. Change the system of user’s authentication and atomic lock of bins which would help in securing the bin from
any kind of damage or theft.
2. Concept of green-points that would encourage the involvement of the residents or the end users making the idea
successful and helping to achieve joined efforts for the waste management and hence fulfilling the idea of
Swachch Bharath.
3. Having a case study or data analytics on the type and times the waste is collected on the type of days or season
making the bin filling predictable and removing the dependency on electronic components and fixing the
coordinates.
4. Improving graphical interfaces for the Server and complete Android applications has possibility of extending
the system adding other use cases and applications for smart cities.
5. Moreover, the proposed solution is flexible and decoupled with respect to the determination of optimal number
of bins and vehicles or to the algorithm that define the best route for vehicles.
Therefore, future works can be made in the study of models that offer the best results in terms of decision-making.
References
1. Pressman Roger S. (2001), “Software Engineering – A practitioner’s Approach”, Fifth Edition, McGraw
Hill, 2001
2. Wood A. (1996), “Predicting Software reliability”, IEEE Computers, Vol. 11, pp 69-71, 1996
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233398879
An Overview for Solid Waste Bin Monitoring System
Article in Journal of Applied Sciences Research · February 2012
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87
Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 8(2): 879-886, 2012
ISSN 1819-544X
This is a refereed journal and all articles are professionally screened and reviewed
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
An Overview For Solid Waste Bin Monitoring System
1
Md. Shafiqul Islam, 1M.A. Hannan, 1Maher Arebey and 2Hasan Basri
1
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering.
2
Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600Bangi, Selangor,
Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
Solid waste management is a major challenge in urban areas throughout the world.
An efficient waste management is a pre requisition for maintain a safe and green
environment as there are increasing all kinds of waste disposal. There are many
technologies being used for waste collection as well as for well managed recycling. In
this paper we have introduced an integrated system combined of Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID), Global Position System (GPS), General Packet Radio Service
(GPRS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and Web camera. The built-in RFID
reader in trucks would automatically retrieve all sorts of customer information and bin
information from RFID tag, mounted with each bin. GPS would give the location
information of the collection truck. All The information of the center server would up-
dated automatically through GPRS communication system. GIS map server is being
used for truck monitoring. In this system, bin and truck database has been developed in
the way that information of bin and truck ID, date and time of waste collection, bin and
truck GPS coordinates information, bin status and amount of waste are compiled in a
data packet and stored for monitoring and management activities. The results showed
that the real-time image processing, histogram analysis, waste estimation and other bin
information have been displayed in the GUI of the monitoring system. The performance
of the implemented system have been analyzed and focused that the system has
satisfactory performance in terms of high speed data transmission, precision, real time
data communication and reliability.
Key words: GIS, GPRS, GSM, RFID, Solid Waste Monitoring and Management.
Introduction
Solid waste is an enhancing issue that impact due to rapidly of increasing

urbanization and economic development witnessed by the amount of municipal solid
waste. Most of the local governments and urban agencies identified that the solid waste
is a major problem worldwide. Specially, in the developing countries, waste monitoring
and management is becoming an acute problem for their urbanization and economic
development (Shekdar, 2009). Without an effective and efficient solid-waste
management program, the waste generated from various human activities, both
industrial and domestic, can result in health hazards and have a negative impact on the
environment. The ways in which humans have generated solid waste management over
the centuries still bases much on original strategies to dispose of waste. Landfills,
incineration and environmental dumping have been primary methods to get solid waste
out of view (New York, 2010; Arebey et al., 2011a). These methods create further
88
impacts if not properly monitored, and have severe repercussions for life on Earth.
Population growth continually creates more waste producers; therefore waste must be
reduced on a personal basis to maintain the balance of which waste is currently
managed.
RFID technology is becoming more vital when the reverse supply chains for the
reuse, recycling and disposal of goods such as personal computers are globalizing
(Williams et al., 2011), (Roussos and Kostakos, 2008). In Germany, 20% of garbage
collection is managed with such RFID systems. In European countries, RFID are also
using for collecting waste from trash and recyclable materials, solid waste management
and disposal of goods (Williams et al., 2008; Thomas 2009). RFID is used to build up a
network that would allow companies to track goods through the global supply chain and
run many applications simultaneously (Violino, 2005). RFID has become a new and
exciting area of technological development, and is receiving increasing amounts of
attention (Hannan et al., 2009). There are many RFID and GPS based on bin monitoring
system has been developed for identifying the bin status and automatically reported its
data to the control station server (Wyatt, 2008). Here the prime attention to build up a
wireless network using RFID for waste bin collection and monitoring. It could be
possible to charge from the waste generator accordingly following pay-as-you-throw
principle (Wyld, 2010). An effective and robust system is needed to stimulate
all these facilities. In
Corresponding Author: M.A. Hannan, Dept., of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
E-mail: hannan@eng.ukm.my
88
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
2012
consequence, the key object of this study is to maximize the waste management
efficiency through the monitoring of the collecting time, vehicle location, bin status,
content and its surrounding area. The RFID has some limitations (Latifah, 2009) the
advanced communication technologies solutions such as RFID, GPRS, GPS and GIS
could be utilized to overcome the limitation. Theoretical framework and interface
algorithm between communication technologies such as RFID, GPRS, GPS and GIS has
been developed. The interface algorithm in the control server is able to analysis location
of the trucks, estimates the waste in the bin and its surrounding area. Thus, the proposed
system would be able to solve the mentioned problems with robust solution.
Solid Waste Scenario:
Solid waste is one of the most acute environmental issues in all over the world
(Hassan et al., 2000). This is due to the standards of waste management are still poor in
most of countries except some developed countries. Based on estimates, waste
generation in Asia has reached 1 million tons per day (APO, 2007). The amount of solid
waste generated in the cities is much higher than in rural areas. The generation rate in
rural areas can be as low as 0.15 kg/cap/day, while in the urban areas the rate can be
above 1.0 kg/cap/day. The generation rates of major cities reported by the participating
member countries are listed in Fig. 1. (APO, 2007).
Fig. 1: Solid Waste Generation Rates of Major Asian Cities.
In the developing countries, waste management is becoming a serious problem as

urbanization and economic development increase leading to larger quantities of waste
materials (Hannan et al., 2010a). An efficient and robust management of solid waste is
needed for forth coming situation.
Solid waste generation has increased, from 3.66 to 4.50 pounds per person per day
in the USA between 1980 and 2008; it has shown in Fig 2. (APO, 2007). Most of what
is being produced in solid waste is paper, yard trimmings, food scraps, and plastics.
These types of waste are some of the most easily recovered types of waste, possibly
removing them from the waste stream entirely. In Malaysia, the waste generation is
increasing tremendously due to its developing activities and it has an accompanying
problem with the disposal of this waste (Marts, 2009; Arebey et al., 2010a). This is due
to inadequate management practices and indiscriminate dumping of wastes (World
Bank, 1993; Hassan et al., 2000). With vision 2020, Malaysia intended to become fully
developed country. Therefore, a lot of improvement has to be done in solid waste
monitoring and management. Based on this data, the Ministry of Housing and Local
88
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
Government
2012 says that Malaysia
generates approximately 18,000 MT/day of solid waste
(Huzin, 2004) and as per the annual report of the Ministry of Housing and Local
Government (1999), the per-capita amount of waste generated by Malaysians ranged
from
0.45 kg to 1.44 kg, but Jamal Othman estimated that the per-capita generation is 1
kg/day (Othman, 2002). Despite the massive amount and complexity of waste produced,
the standards of waste management in Malaysia are still poor.
However, the government is currently focusing on methods to approach the
challenge. Fig. 3 shows the total waste generation in Malaysia projected up to 2010
(JICA, 2010). It is seen that due to the growing population and increasing consumption,
the amount of solid waste generated in Malaysia went up from 18,494 tons per day in
2002 to 26,419 tons in 2007. Currently, over 30,000 tons of waste is produced each day
in Malaysia.
Unfortunately, there are no authoritative figures on the amount of waste diverted for
recycling; it could be as high as 30% of the total waste generated (Hassan, 2004). In the
late 1990s, the government divided the country into four zones and each zone was
assigned to a private company to manage the solid waste. The proposed solid-waste
management act that provides legislative backing for the private companies for
managing solid waste is tabled in parliament, details about the privatization of solid
waste management are still not clear.
88
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
2012
Fig. 2: Solid Waste Generation per Person per Day in the USA.
Fig. 3: The Total Waste Generation in Malaysia.
However, in the Central and Southern Zones, a temporary system has been
implemented. Since 2004, Alam Flora, is appointed to manage waste in the Central
Zone. It has been serving 23 local authorities in the states of Selangor, Pahang, the
Federal Territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya (Arebey et al., 2010b). In the
Southern Zone, Southern Waste Management serves only three local-authority areas.
Although the private companies of the Northern Zone have been identified, no work has
started. No company has been appointed for the Eastern Zone yet.
Australia generates waste at a rate of 2.25 kilograms per person per day (Summer,
2009). So everywhere in Asia, Europe, America, Australia solid waste management has
become a challenge. Increased efforts in recycling, reducing, reusing, and refusing
could substantially minimize solid waste production in the world ensuring healthy living
conditions for the future. The waste disposal is increasing with urbanization and
Industrialization; therefor the waste management is becoming more difficult. In the last
two decades there is a rapid change in technologies; from our house holds to Industrial
sectors everywhere it has introduced automated and centralized system. At present days
the waste management has drawn a concentration of all. Every country is trying to find
out an efficient waste management system for a hazard free and safe environment.
There have some hope and challenges in this case and there are lots of future works in
this regards. In the European countries, recycling and solid waste management policies
88
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
are
2012 the driving force for
exploitation of RFID in waste management (Thomas, 2003;
Pratheep and Hannan, 2011).
System Development:
The hardware system is consisting of RFID devices i.e. tag and receiver, low cost
camera, GPS and GSM&GPRS interfaced with GIS as shown in Fig. 4. The proposed
system is based on web-access architecture of a network for distributed bins and trucks.
There are four main activities of the system such as RFID and camera data acquisition,
acquired data including GPS information transmission through GSM&GPRS
transceiver, GIS database management system for proper mapping and decision
(Mustapha et al., 2010; Mustapha et al., 2011) for monitoring and management system,
respectively.
88
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
2012
Fig. 4: System Architecture of Waste Bin Monitoring.
The real time data acquisition factors such as time spent to, from and at locations,
bin and truck serial number i.e. ID, captured image, truck route and bin position are
optimized for bin monitoring and management system. RFID tag is mounted on waste
bin in order to the gather the serial number of the bin. The RFID reader and camera are
mounted in the truck. When the truck comes closer to the bin, RFID reader
communicates with the RFID tag (Hannan et al., 2011a) to capture the tags ID and other
information about the bin and gives signal to the camera to capture the first image. After
the collection process is done, the camera captures the second image. Thus, all the real-
time information’s such as tag ID, collection time, bin status images, waste content in
the bin and GPS data are forwarded to the control server through the GSM&GPRS
modem with the availability of GSM or GPRS network. The control station received the
incoming information and processed to read, analyze and store into the GUI of the
control server (Hannan et al., 2010b). GPS and GIS are used in the intelligent system
for tracking the position of the truck and bin location as well as mapping the detection
and monitoring of the trucks and bins. In this way, the actual content of the bin and its
surrounding area can be estimated.
Program Interfacing:
The system is initialized with the all default values. GPS data is reset with the
current location coordinate values (Arebey et al., 2011a). The In Vehicle System try to
establish a connection with the center server through GPRS communication after a
successful connection is established the system is being ready for collection operation.
Collection session starts with driver ID authentication. Waste Disposal trucks equipped
with RFID readers pick up bins marked with RFID tags. RFID waste tags as a key to
information (e.g., customer/household ID, address, and so on) stored in the waste
management administrators back-end databases. For example, an RFID waste tag only
contains a unique tag ID. The identity of each tag is broadcasted to a reader with the
same frequency and the same tag protocol. A cross matching operation is done with the
pre-stored system data of each bin tag ID. The RFID reader antenna acts as a
88
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
communication
2012 channel
between the tag and the reader. It can transmit data from its
sideways and front. The waste management application can use to retrieve customer’s
record (i.e., personal information) stored in the backend waste database. The readers
then record the exact time and place every time waste bin is emptied. All the data is
updated after each collection period and saved to the central monitoring station. The
system works following the Fig. 5.
An omnitrol network edge appliance receives data from all readers as well as from
all collection trucks. This permits a new degree of monitoring and control of the waste-
disposal process. The RFID reader that installed on the collection trucks is active RFID
tag. An external power supply is connected with the active RFID tag and the power of
active RFID is used to active the passive RFID tag’s data extraction. It could identify all
the bin tags attach with the waste bin. The reader extracts data from the tags those ID
are store in the central database. It avoids the data from un- authorized ID (Hannan et
al., 2011b). The location information from the GPS system, customer information from
the bin tag ID and collection time makes a data packet. The data packet is sent to the
main database through GPRS communication channel. The built in web camera mount
with each
88
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
2012
collection truck takes a snap shot before and after the bin collection. The waste bin
photos are sent with the data packet against to the bin tag ID. All these wireless
communication will be done using GPRS technology to send and receive data packets,
users can be always on line and pay the bill by flow (Qin et al., 2008). The waste bin
images are processed using Matlab image processing tools. MySQL data server is
chosen for storing all these data to the center server. The Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
(http.) would use for authentication of the users and administrators. The integrated
system of RFID, GPRS, GPS, GIS and web camera makes the waste bin identification
and customer data collection system easier (Hannan et al., 2011b). RFID has many
applications in the field of environment (Thomas, 2008). This technology plays an
important role in Solid Waste collection operations. RFID gives facilities of feature
expansion in future (Arebey et al., 2009; Arebey et al., 2010b).
Start
Data Initialization
GPS Data
Connection
Drivers ID
Read Bin Tag
Authentication
Update GIS Data
Update bin status
Session Check
Save Session History
End
Fig. 5: Flow Chart for Waste Bin Monitoring System.
Result and Discussion
The GPS and GPRS system is widely applied in the digital/electronic map, the
vehicle monitoring system, the vehicle management system, the security navigation.
Integration of GIS and GPS technology can display and track vehicle position in subject
88
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
digital
2012 maps. Automatic waste collection point reporting function and truck monitoring
services are achieved by GPS module with GPRS technology’s combination. GIS
mapping server is used for analyzing data of various locations. It helps to take the
decision for dumping area selection. Simultaneously the GIS server is updated using the
data is stored to the system. Web camera always capture picture at the time of waste bin
collection and after collection than store in data server in the center station as a future
database. Analyzing the storage data, authority for waste management can take change
their strategy like fleet management, rout management, dumping location selection etc.
88
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
2012
The integrated system performs with intelligent vehicle, monitoring platform,

communication network and an image processing system with GUI. The information
such as bin ID, date of waste collection and truck ID, stored in the RFID tag were read
by the RFID reader. The images taken by camera were processed to examined bin status
either collected or uncollected and amount of estimated waste either empty, full or
overflow, respectively. The bin location information latitude and longitude were
provided by GPS module that attached in the truck along with RFID reader and GSM
and GPRS module. All these information are combined together and sent to the control
station via GSM and GPRS transceiver. The control station compiled all the information
and stored in the system database. The bin status and waste truck database was
monitored as shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6: Central Monitoring System.
All information such as truck ID, driver name, longitude, latitude, truck speed,
collection and date were received in the control station via GSM and GPRS transceiver
and complied in the system database. Thus, operator can monitor the bin and truck data
that was stored in the database for future planning use. The image processing and
histogram analysis, waste estimation, bin status, bin ID, collection date and time, etc.
are discussed in the bin and truck monitoring system. All the processing was carried out
in the control server through graphical user interface (GUI). In the process of image
restoration, image enhancement and waste estimation, the effected noise and low
contrast were removed using filtration technique to overcome these problems. After the
image being processed the image converted into grayscale format to make a
comparison. Grayscale image was subtracted from the reference image in order to
obtain the differences between the two images. For example, in default status i.e. empty
bin, the whole image was represented by black pixel and no appearance to white pixels.
It was noticed as the waste increased, the number of black pixel decreased and intensity
level of histogram increased as shown in full and overflow bin status GUI. Then the
gray format image was converted into binary format of 0 or 1 value. The 0 value
corresponds to black indicated no waste appeared and 1 corresponds to white indicated
the waste. The slider was added to the GUI to measure the status of the bin and the
amount of waste whether the bin was empty, full or overflow. The entire system would
use the existing GPRS network to transmit information collected from the GPS module
to the IP-fixed control center in the internet. The system response is fast enough for a
real time monitoring facilities as the data transfer rates is up to 160 Kbps in GPRS
88
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
communication
2012 system.
It is very economical by way of the available technologies
keeping feature expansion facilities in future.
Conclusion:
In this paper, an integrated system of RFID, GPS, GPRS, GIS and web camera is
introduced for efficient and economic solid waste collection. The developed system
provides improved database for waste collection time and waste amount at each
location. The system is also contributed to reallocate the location of the bin, new
collection route using the data that being saved in center server. GIS data would help to
select or reallocate the dumping point by giving the collection truck monitoring
facilities. RFID gives the scope of identification as per system requirements. GSM
communication system has provided a high data transmission rate for real time
monitoring.
89
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
2012
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International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 [2.29] [2018] 725-729
2012
International Journal of Engineering & Technology

Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET
Research paper
Smart Waste Bin with Real-Time

Monitoring System
Norfadzlia Mohd Yusof1*, Mohd Faizal Zulkifli2, Nor Yusma Amira Mohd Yusof3,
Azziana Afififie Azman4
1,2,3,4
Faculty Of Engineering Technology, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia, Melaka
*Corresponding Author E-Mail: Norfadzlia@Utem.Edu.My
Abstract
This paper presents IoT innovation project of a smart waste bin with real time monitoring system
which integrates multiple technologies such as solar system, sensors and wireless communication
technologies. The aim of this project is to provide an efficient and cost-effective waste collection
management system hence providing clean, healthy and green environment. This study proposed a
new framework that enables remote monitoring of solid waste bin in real-time via Wi-Fi
connection, to assist the waste management activity. The system framework is based on wireless
sensor network [WSN] contains three segments: renewable energy source, WSN and control station.
Within this framework there are four developed subsystems: solar power system, smart waste bin,
short messaging service [SMS] notification system and real-time monitoring system that are
interrelated to each other to perform as an efficient, cost-effective waste management system that
yield to a green and healthy living environment.
Keywords: IoT, solid waste management; wireless sensor network; Arduino, ultrasonic; PIR motion sensor; ESP8266 Wi-Fi module; smart waste
bin; GSM/GPRS module, solar
1. Introduction Municipal waste management in Malaysia has

gone through several transi- tions [4]. This proved
that, Malaysia is striving in improving the solid
Due to the fast pace of urbanization, waste waste management practices towards
management is becoming a bigger issue each sustainability.
day in each developed and developing countries.
In Malaysia, rapid urbanization and In the approach of smart city, the objective is to
industrialization transition have changed the solid provide a city with basic infrastructure to give a
waste characteristics [1, 2]. The generation of decent quality of life, a clean and sustainable
municipal solid waste [MSW] over the past 10 environment through application of some smart
years has increased by 95 per cent due to rapid solutions. One of the basic infrastructure is
development in the urban areas [3]. The waste sanitation and solid waste management. Internet of
created from various sources will be lead to Thing [IoT] can play an important role in
environmental pollution arising without an providing a smart solution for waste management
effective and well- organized solid waste that will reduce costs and increase efficiency.
management. Besides, this can also bring to In Malaysia, many companies concentrates on
serious health hazard and lead to the spread of remote sensing system [5] in waste management
infectious diseases. An effective solid waste system. Alam Flora has started to use Automated
management practices need to be updated to suit Vehicles Locating System [AVLS] to monitor the
the current waste quantity and composition. collection timing and fleet management and
89
J. Appl. Sci. Res., 8(2): 879-886,
FloraCare2012system to support the company to carry system able to alert the collector only the waste
out its operations efficiently [6]. bin requires to be emptied. Thus, this able to
Producing a cost-effective operation is very optimize collection routing and save time and
important to waste management companies. fuel. A system that able to collect and analyze
Rather than traversing all the route to data are important as a decision support tool to
help the local authority or waste management
contractor to improve their service. Many
researches in waste management focus on the
solution implementation rather than how to
deliver a product with competitive price with less
maintenance cost [5].
This paper proposed a new framework for waste
management system. The designed framework
comprises of three main parts: solar power
system, smart waste bin and control station with
SMS notification system and real-time
monitoring system. Smart waste bin uses WSNs
to collect waste bin status and transmit waste bin
information wirelessly to the control station.
Control station receives the waste bin
information and stores it in the database. SMS
notification system is a daemon program to
automatically identify the full waste bin and help
to send alert notification to garbage collector in
real-time, then updates the waste bin status. After
the waste bin has been emptied the smart waste
bin will update the waste bin status and transmit
the information again to the control station. A
web-based application is developed to monitor
the waste bin status and collection activity. This
proposed system able to reduce the development
cost since the component used are cheap.
2. Literature Review
Several solutions for waste management equipped

with IoT facilities have been proposed and
invented in the literature to help solid waste
management authorities improve the quality of
service de- livery.
clean the waste bin, it is more efficient if the waste management

Copyright © 2018 Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology 72
reduce the workload of truck driver in recording
Researchers in [7, 8] designed a solid
the collection process and the surrounding area.
management system uses WSN integrating two
Not only that, scattered waste around the dustbin
different wireless technologies. Waspmote
also monitored using IR sensor in [15] and low-
[9] from Libeum has been used as sensor node. cost camera by [13] to maintain the cleanliness
The mote encom- passes ATmega1281 and hygiene of city.
microcontroller with built-in accelerometer
sensor. Multiple type of sensors such as level,
weight, humidity and temperature sensors applied 3. Methodology
at the sensor node using mart Metering v2.0
board also from Libeum. All data read from As a guidelines for proposing the new framework
sensor node are transmitted to receiver segment for waste management system, several problems
by going through Zigbee and GPRS in waste management will be considered [12-14]:
communications using Meshlium [10] as a middle
1) Lack of information about the collecting time and area.
gateway. Receiver segment stored all collected 2) Lack of proper system to monitor the trucks and trash bins
data in database and displayed it using a that have been collected in real time.
developed web application. Thus, solid waste bin 3) There is no estimation to the amount of solid waste inside
the bin and the surrounding area due to the scattering of
and its real time status can be monitor by using waste.
the developed automated system. 4) There is no quick response to urgent cases like truck
accident, breakdown, longtime idling.
Smart Waste Management System [SWMS] 5) There is no quick way to response to client’s complaints
developed by [5] manipulates geospatial about uncollected waste.
technology and intelligence sensor such as 6) There is no analysis of finding best route path of
collecting waste.
ultrasonic sensor via IoT technology [9] for
reliable Smart City and M2M solution. A pilot
The proposed confirmed able to provide solutions
study is conducted by locating the SWMS at
to all above problems. In this paper the
districts of Sepang and Kuala Langat and limited
framework is used to develop modules for
to apartment and condominium. SWMS
problems 1, 2, 3 and 5. Figure 1 shows the
application as a tool for local authority to monitor
proposed system framework. This framework
waste collection operator to ensure waste
consists of three segments namely the solar
collection services is deliver per contract by the
power system, smart waste bin and control
service provider. Application of geographic
station. Each part is facilitates with subsystems
information system [GIS] also done by [2] as a
that will execute different tasks. All these
decision support tool for planning waste man-
segments and subsystems will be further
agement. The proposed system attempts to
described in the following section.
provide solution of problems like proper
allocation and relocation of waste bin, check for
unsuitability and proximity convenience to the
users and future suggestions.
Another work by [11] provides a Smart Garbage
Monitoring Sys- tem specifically to apartment,
condominium or flat type residency that has trash
chute. This proof of concept system uses
ultrasonic to measure the waste level and Arduino
Uno as microcontroller. Ultrasonic sensor will
continuously measure the waste level and notify
the residence and garbage collector regarding the
waste status. This system send notification
through SMS to collector whenever waste bin is
almost or already full. Indicator can be put at each
level of the resident to alert the residencies to
minimize or stop dispose waste.
Some researches exploit the power of RFID as a
way to improve and enhance the waste
management efficiency especially in monitoring
the waste collection activities [12-14]. It also may
inside the waste bin and read timestamp from the
DS1302 Real Time Clock [RTC] module. Liquid
Crystal display [LCD] is used to display the out-
put from the microcontroller. Two indicators are
initialized by this subsystem which are waste bin
status indicator and SMS notification indicator.
To know whether the waste bin is full or empty,
waste bin status indicator will automatically set
according to the fill-level in the waste bin as
described in Table 1. Table 2 shows another
important indicator that will automatically
initialize by the smart waste bin which is the SMS
notification indicator. SMS notification indicator
Fig. 1: System framework is used later in the SMS notification system. The
combination of these two indicators state three
3.1 Renewable Energy Source difference conditions for the waste bin as
described in Table 3. The initial condition of
In this segment, a solar power system is built by waste bin is always condition 1. Data from smart
assembling three components: solar panel, solar waste bin which comprise of the waste bin id, fill-
charger controller and rechargeable battery. Solar level measurement, timestamp, status and SMS
panel absorbs the solar energy and converts it into were then transmitted to the control station
electricity energy. The SR-HM solar charger through ESP8266 Wi-fi module as a wireless
controller is placed between a solar panel and a communication technology. The smart waste bin
PROLiNK 12V 1.8AH rechargeable battery to is not able to
regulate the amount of charge coming from the
panel that flows into the deep cycle battery bank
to avoid the battery being overcharged. The solar
charger controller also provides a direct
connection to the sensor system, while continuing
to re- charge the battery. Solar energy is the
cleanest and most available renewable energy
source. Figure 2 shows the block diagram of
implemented solar power system.
Fig. 2: Solar power system
3.2. Wireless Sensor Network
The smart waste bin in Figure 3 implements WSN

technology interfaces with a microcontroller
which are fixed in the waste bin. Arduino Mega is
the microcontroller used in this subsystem. To
yield a real time data from waste bin, PIR motion
sensor will worked continuously in keeping track
the presence of new garbage in the waste bin.
When garbage is present, microcontroller in-
structed ultrasonic sensor to measure the fill-level
system is daemon program which is configured
work without a power supply. In this framework,
to continuously query for waste bin with
solar power system is used as an environmentally
condition 2 together with garbage collector
friendly way of producing electricity for the smart
information [user id, name and mobile phone
waste bin.
number] for every 1 seconds, send SMS to the
respective garbage collector then update the
waste bin data to condition 3.
Fig. 3: Smart waste bin block diagram
Table 1: Waste bin fill-level indicators.

Indicator Threshold Value Description
Status 0% 0 Empty/Not full
>= 80% 1 Full
Table 2: Waste bin SMS notification indicators.

Indicator Value Description
sms NS SMS not sent
S SMS is sent
Table 3: Waste bin conditions.

Indicator
Condition status sms Description
1 0 S Initial or empty
2 1 NS Full and notified
3 1 S Full and not notified
3.2. Control station
The control station contains the central server

which hosts the web server, database, SMS
notification system in Figure 4 and a web- based
waste bin real time monitoring system in Figure
5. The data sent by the smart waste bin is
received by the control station and stored in the
database server. Control station runs two systems
which handle different jobs. The systems are
SMS notification system and web-based was bin
monitoring system.
3.2.1. SMS Notification System
This is a remote application that is developed in

JAVA. To do its job, this application requires a
computer that is directly connected to external
GSM/GPRS SIM900A module. SMS notification
module was used in this project for portability
reason. ESP 8266 Wi-fi module provides a small,
low-cost and effective way to get the Arduino to
connect to the Internet wirelessly. WifiEsp
library is used to allow the Wi-fi connection in
the Arduino. The WifiEsp library are fully
compatible with the standard library of Arduino
Wi-fi shield which is expensive. Waste bin data is
send to the control station using the below code
fragment: char server[] =
Fig. 4: Architecture of SMS notification system.
"greenhomestay.com.my";
3.2.1. Real time monitoring system int s = 0; //0 - empty, 1 - full
The web-based real time monitoring system String data = "ID_Bin=" + String[id] + "&level="
provides a GUI for displaying the waste bin data so + String[level]
that user can monitor the waste bin status and
collection activities using web browser from any
devices. This monitoring system is developed
using Bootstrap 3 Admin and Dashboard open
source template and morris.js dashboard API.
The location of waste bin [latitude and longitude]
is retrieved from database server and marked on
the map by using Google Map API.
Fig. 5: Architecture of real time monitoring system.
4. Results and Findings
The system has been tested to ensure its proper

functionality. Fig- ure 6 shows the overall
prototype.
Fig. 6: Smart waste bin and real time monitoring system.
The smart waste bin only works with Internet

connection in order to send waste bin data to the
control station. Therefore the ESP8266 Wi-fi
synchronized first with the development
+ "&timestamp=" + String[rtc[]] +
machine’s system time to get the current
"&sms=S&status=" + String[s];
timestamp. Below is the fragment of code snippet
WiFiEspClient client; to synchronize and get timestamp in RTC
if [client.connect[server, module: setSyncProvider[RTC.get];
80]] if [timeStatus[] ==
{ client.println["Conn timeSet] time_t
ected..."]; timestamp = now[];
SMS notification system is installed and runs in a
client.println["POST /add.php computer that is connected to GSM/GPRS
HTTP/1.1"]; client.print["Host: module through a serial communication port. A
"]; subscriber identity module [SIM] card need to be
client.println[server]; inserted to the GSM/GPRS module to provide a
mobile communication network. In this project a
client.println["Content-Type:application/x- USB to RS232 converter cable is used since the
www-form- urlencoded"]; computer does not have serial port. A comm.jar
client.print["Content- library is used in the JAVA program to establish
Length: "]; communication with the GSM/GPRS module. AT
client.println[data.lengt commands are used to send SMS.
h[]]; client.println[]; Real time monitoring system is a web-based
client.print[data]; application illustrated in Figure 9 which provides
client.stop[]; a graphical user interface [GUI] for the user to
} monitor the waste bin and collection status. The
GUI layout is divided into several divisions.
Figure 7 shows the PIR motion sensor and Division 1 shows three icons which represent
ultrasonic are placed under the waste bin lid. three waste bin condition in Table 3. Division 2
Therefore, when someone open the lid to throw displays a bar chart showing the current fill-level
garbage, the movement is detected by PIR motion in the waste bins. Division 3 displays a line and
sensor and the input is send to Arduino. After area chart showing the monthly analysis of total
Arduino received the input, it will output a number of waste collection made for each waste
message “Motion Detected” at the LCD. In the bin for recent year. Division 4 displays a table
Arduino program a 5 seconds delay is set for user showing twenty recent waste management
to close the lid back before Arduino triggers the activities and lastly division 4 showing the actual
ultrasonic sensor to measure the fill-level in the location of all waste bin.
waste bin and read current timestamp from the
RTC module. A delay of 5 seconds is set as a
relevant epoch for user to close the lid back after
throwing the garbage. If the lid is not close an
error message will be displayed at the LCD.
Fig. 7: Sensors attached at the waste bin lid.
To get the current timestamp the DS1307RTC.h

and Time.h li- braries were used in this project.
The DS1307 RTC module need to be
waste management in Malaysia: Practices and challenges.
2009;29[11]:2902–6.
[2] Thompson A, Afolayan A, Ibidunmoye E, editors. Application of
Geographic Information System to Solid Waste Management [PDF
Download Available]. 2013 Pan African International Conference
on Information Science, Computing and Telecommunications
[PACT]; 2013; Lusaka, Zambia: IEEE.
[3] Waste Management and It's Challenges in Malaysia [press release].
2016-03-20 2016.
[4] Abas MA, Wee ST. Municipal Solid Waste Management in
Malaysia: An Insight Towards Sustainability. International
Conference on Human Habitat and Environment. 2014;4.
[5] Omar MF, Termizi AAA, Zainal D, Wahap NA, Ismail NM,
Ahmad N. Implementation of spatial smart waste management
system in malaysia. IOP Conference Series Earth and
Fig. 9: Waste bin real time monitoring system. Environmental Science. 2016;37[1].
[6] Alam Flora needs cooperation from all to keep country clean and
green - Community | The Star Online [press release]. The Star
Online, 12 January 2011 2011.
5. Conclusion [7] Al Mamun MA, Hannan MA, Islam MS, Basri H. Integrated
Sensing and Communication Technologies for Automated Solid
Waste Bin Monitoring System. IEEE Student Conference on
Research and Development [SCOReD]. 2013.
This paper presents a framework of IoT [8] Al Mamun MA, Hannan M, Hussain A, editors. Real time solid
innovation project for waste management system. waste bin monitoring system framework using wireless sensor
network. 2014 International Conference on Electronics, Information
This novel solution able to enrich the efficiency
of waste bin collection activities and cost
reduction. The implemented system on top of this
framework can be further improve to perform
real-time, reliable and efficient waste man-
agement system. For future works, a customer
complaints module will be added and integrates
with the SMS notification system to perform fast
response. The map showing the waste bin actual
coordinates stored in the database can be further
leverage by integration with GPS technology to
give the current waste bin location. Alert message
can be produce if the waste bin has been
reposition to other place or fall down. Other than
that, to solve problem 6, the map can be used to
show only full waste bin together with shortest
route to help reduce operation costs and GhG
emission. We also found several limitation in this
implemented system. Firstly, the smart waste bin
should work more intelligently to detect the waste
bin lid is in close or open position. Due to that, in
the future a hall effect sensor can be implemented
as in [7, 8] so that the ultrasonic sensor can give
correct reading at any time required. This imple-
mented system also requires strong Wi-Fi
connection to make it functioning. External Wifi-
Extender device could be used to improve the
Wi-Fi signal [16]. Local authority can use this
type of system and monitor the waste collection
status in real-time and based on the recorded
information they able to measure their oper-
ational performance, predict future operation
requirements and plan for better service to
deliver.
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Project Report

(B.Tech Information Technology Sem 8th , 2019-20)

Submitted To: - Submitted By:-

Waste Management System Using Vehicle Tracking

Submitted for fulfillment of award of

Under the Guidance of

Asst. Prof. Dr. Sushil Kumar

AJAY KUMAR GARG ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD

Certified that “Priyanka Sharma , Rajat Kumar , Sherya Raghav” have

Dr. Sushil Kumar Dr. Anu Chaudhary

Name and Signature of Students:

1. Priyanka Sharma (signature)

2. Rajat Kumar (signature)

3. Sherya Raghav (signature)

Place: Ghaziabad (U.P.)

Chapter 2: Requirement Analysis & Feasibility Study

Chapter 3: System Analysis and Design

Chapter 4: Coding and Testing

Chapter 6: Maintenance features

Chapter 7: Advantages and Limitations of the Developed System

Chapter 8: Conclusion and Suggestions for further work.

1.3 Project Idea

2.1 Requirements Analysis

GIS Data Capturing:

Waste collection Vehicle

RFID Reader installations and Bin Tagging:

RFID fitted vehice

Vehicle Map View

3.1 System Analysis

A. Smart Garbage Bin System

Vehicle Tracking and Monitering System

1) Raspberry Pi Board: Raspberry pi is an open-source physical platform based on microcontroller board. It

C. Features of Raspberry Pi Board

1) CPU: Quad-core 64 - bit ARM Cortex xs A53 clocked at 1.2 GHz

Distance = elapsed time x speed of sound/2

a) Receive, send or delete SMS messages in a SIM.

F. Radio-Frequency Identification Module (RFID)

3.2.1 FLOWCHART OF SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Name of the application on the top , Smart GCV Tracker

Driver , Vehicle , Assign Router , Logs , Complaints .

Ex 1 , Tata 407 , DL 4C 1573 , chip no.

Fig 3. The driver details section

Fig 5. Assigning Routes sub section

Fig 7. The complaints section

Fig 1. Resident Login Screen

Fig 4. The Complaint Section

Fig 1. Login Screen

public class AdminHomePage extends AppCompatActivity {

public void viewFeedback(View view) {

public void viewHistory(View view) {

public class AdminLogin extends AppCompatActivity {

public void backToLogin(View view) {

public void adminLogin(View view) {

private String email, pass;

private boolean valid() {

Admin view feedback

public class AdminViewFeedback extends AppCompatActivity {

User user = dd.getValue(User.class);

public class AdminViewHistory extends AppCompatActivity {

User user = dd.getValue(User.class);

public class CurrentLocation extends Service implements LocationListener {

public class Feedback {

public String getSender() {